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| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: The Doctrine of Fascism Benito Mussolini, 2016-12-08 This is the original Doctrine of Fascism. This doctrine worked as the basis of the Italian Fascist Party and influenced numerous fascist movements and individuals that followed. Fascism, the more it considers and observes the future and the development of humanity quite apart from political considerations of the moment, believes neither in the possibility nor the utility of perpetual peace. It thus repudiates the doctrine of Pacifism - born of a renunciation of the struggle and an act of cowardice in the face of sacrifice. War alone brings up to its highest tension all human energy and puts the stamp of nobility upon the peoples who have courage to meet it. -Mussolini |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: My Autobiography Benito Mussolini, 2017-07-11 The dictated biography of Benito Mussolini, spanning from his early youth to his successful coup in Rome. Mussolini boisterously narrates his life story, first as a Socialist Radical in his youth, then as a Fascist strongman following World War I. “My Autobiography,” first published in 1928, is an in-depth account of the life of a Fascist Revolutionary who inspired countless movements across Europe and was widely (although falsely) credited with suppressing the Bolshevik movement in Europe. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: THE DOCTRINE OF FACISM Benito Mussolini, 2024-01-10 Benito Mussolini was an Italian politician, teacher, and journalist who wrote for left-wing newspapers. He enlisted in the army, rising to the rank of sergeant. In 1922, he organized the March on Rome, and with the support of King Victor Emmanuel III, he took over the cabinet as the Prime Minister of Italy. In 1925, Mussolini became Il Duce (the supreme leader of Italy). Mussolini founded the National Fascist Party and became the most representative politician of fascist ideology. In The Doctrine of Fascism, Mussolini synthesizes fascist doctrine and its principles while also pointing out what he considers the limitations of other ideologies such as liberalism and socialism. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: The Doctrine of Fascism Benito Mussolini, |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Essays on Fascism Benito Mussolini, Oswald Mosley, Alfredo Rocco, 2019-03-25 The Ideology of Fascism was written by Oswald Mosley in 1967 and provides a post WW2 analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of Fascism as a political doctrine, and utilising its strengths proposes a United Europe, in union with science, as a prime requirement for the 21st Century. The Doctrine of Fascism was written by Benito Mussolini and the Italian philosopher Giovanni Gentile. A key concept of which was that fascism was a rejection of previous models: If the 19th century was the century of the individual we are free to believe that this is the 'collective' century, and therefore the century of the State. Giovanni Gentile was inspired by Italian intellectuals such as Mazzini, Rosmini, Gioberti, and Spaventa from whom he developed the idea of self-construction, but also was strongly influenced by the German idealist and materialist schools of thought - namely Marx, Hegel, Fichte, and Nietzsche. Gentile was described by Mussolini, as 'the philosopher of Fascism'. Alfredo Rocco developed the economic and political theory of corporatism which would become part of the Fascist Manifesto of the National Fascist Party. Rocco denounced the European powers for imposing foreign culture on Italy and criticized the European powers for endorsing too much liberalism and individualism. The Fascist Manifesto was endorsed by a large number of intellectuals, and writers, including Luigi Pirandello, Gabriele D'Annunzio, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti and Giuseppe Ungaretti. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Democracy Ricardo Blaug, 2016-02-28 Put together specially for students of democracy, this invaluable reader gathers key statements from political thinkers, explained and contextualised with editorial commentaries. This new edition includes a new introduction, new sections and 29 new readings published since the first edition. Arranged into four sections "e; Traditional Affirmations of Democracy, Key Concepts, Critiques of Democracy and Contemporary Issues "e; it covers democratic thinking in a remarkably broad way. A general introduction highlights democracy's historical complexity and guides you through the current areas of controversy. The extensive bibliography follows the same structure as the text to help you deepen your study. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: The Doctrine of Fascism Benito Mussolini, 2015-02-01 The Doctrine of Fascism (La dottrina del fascismo) is an essay written by Giovanni Gentile, but credit is given to Benito Mussolini. It was first published in the Enciclopedia Italiana of 1932, as the first section of a lengthy entry on Fascismo (Fascism). The entire entry on Fascism spans pages 847-884 of the Enciclopedia Italiana, and includes numerous photographs and graphic images. The Mussolini essay leads off the entry: FASCISMO - Movimento politico italiano creato da Benito Mussolini (v.). DOTTRINA Idee Fondamentali. (the first section of the essay) A second section of the essay is titled: Dottrina Politica e sociale. The Mussolini entry starts on page 847 and ends on 851 with the credit line Benito Mussolini. All subsequent translations of The Doctrine of Fascism are from this work. A key concept of the Mussolini essay was that fascism was a rejection of previous models: Granted that the 19th century was the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy, this does not mean that the 20th century must also be the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy. Political doctrines pass; nations remain. We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the 'right', a Fascist century. If the 19th century was the century of the individual (liberalism implies individualism) we are free to believe that this is the 'collective' century, and therefore the century of the State. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Fascism Benito Mussolini, 1968 |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Readings on Fascism and National Socialism Alan Swallow, Desmond Gahan, 2013-02-07 A form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of the individual's life to the authority of the government. Italian dictator Benito Mussolini coined the term totalitario in the early 1920s to describe the new fascist state of Italy, which he further described as: All within the state, none outside the state, none against the state. By the beginning of World War II, totalitarian had become synonymous with absolute and oppressive single-party government. In the broadest sense, totalitarianism is characterized by strong central rule that attempts to control and direct all aspects of civil and political life. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: The Doctrine of Fascism Benito Mussolini, 2012-08-30 The Doctrine of Fascism (La dottrina del fascismo) is an essay written by Giovanni Gentile, but credit is given to Benito Mussolini. It was first published in the Enciclopedia Italiana of 1932, as the first section of a lengthy entry on Fascismo (Fascism). The entire entry on Fascism spans pages 847-884 of the Enciclopedia Italiana, and includes numerous photographs and graphic images. The Mussolini essay leads off the entry: FASCISMO - Movimento politico italiano creato da Benito Mussolini (v.). DOTTRINA Idee Fondamentali. (the first section of the essay) A second section of the essay is titled: Dottrina Politica e sociale. The Mussolini entry starts on page 847 and ends on 851 with the credit line Benito Mussolini. All subsequent translations of The Doctrine of Fascism are from this work. A key concept of the Mussolini essay was that fascism was a rejection of previous models: Granted that the 19th century was the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy, this does not mean that the 20th century must also be the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy. Political doctrines pass; nations remain. We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the 'right', a Fascist century. If the 19th century was the century of the individual (liberalism implies individualism) we are free to believe that this is the 'collective' century, and therefore the century of the State. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal Terence Ball, Richard Dagger, Daniel I O'Neill, 2015-07-17 Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal, 9/e, thoroughly analyzes and compares political ideologies to help readers understand these ideologies as acutely as a political scientist does. Used alone or with its companion Ideals and Ideologies: A Reader, 9/e, this best-selling title promotes open-mindedness and develops critical thinking skills. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: My Autobiography Benito Mussolini, Asitābha Dāśa, 2017-02 Parallel to the meteoric rise of Adolf Hater is the astonishing career of Benito Mussolini, Italy's great Dictator. The gripping narrative told by himself of his humble beginnings, his activities as a socialist and a soldier in the Great War, his subsequent rapid accession to poser, provides a most interesting comparison to his counterpart beyond the Brenner Pass. It is a book that is historically valuable, giving us, as it does, intimate pictures of Fascism in theory and Practice. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Mussolini's Intellectuals Anthony James Gregor, 2005 Fascism has traditionally been characterized as irrational and anti-intellectual, finding expression exclusively as a cluster of myths, emotions, instincts, and hatreds. This intellectual history of Italian Fascism--the product of four decades of work by one of the leading experts on the subject in the English-speaking world--provides an alternative account. A. James Gregor argues that Italian Fascism may have been a flawed system of belief, but it was neither more nor less irrational than other revolutionary ideologies of the twentieth century. Gregor makes this case by presenting for the first time a chronological account of the major intellectual figures of Italian Fascism, tracing how the movement's ideas evolved in response to social and political developments inside and outside of Italy. Gregor follows Fascist thought from its beginnings in socialist ideology about the time of the First World War--when Mussolini himself was a leader of revolutionary socialism--through its evolution into a separate body of thought and to its destruction in the Second World War. Along the way, Gregor offers extended accounts of some of Italian Fascism's major thinkers, including Sergio Panunzio and Ugo Spirito, Alfredo Rocco (Mussolini's Minister of Justice), and Julius Evola, a bizarre and sinister figure who has inspired much contemporary neofascism. Gregor's account reveals the flaws and tensions that dogged Fascist thought from the beginning, but shows that if we want to come to grips with one of the most important political movements of the twentieth century, we nevertheless need to understand that Fascism had serious intellectual as well as visceral roots. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: The Fascist Movement in Italian Life and Fascist Doctrines and Institutions Benito Mussolini, Giovanni Gentile, Pietro Gorgolini, 2018-10-22 Two major works-published independently in 1921 and 1935-which are the most complete encapsulation of Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party policy ever issued. It explains the origins of the Fascist movement and a detailed policy analysis, followed by an exposition of the Fascist position some twelve years after taking power. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Fascism: The Total Society H.R. Morgan, 2013-09-09 After years of research, American syndicalist author H. R. Morgan presents a collection of the key statements made by the early Fascist leaders and their best thinkers. Included are criticisms of and solutions to all of the problems troubling the world today. Both the causes of global misery and the reasons for their having happened are plainly mentioned. The solutions are simply stated and strait forward. If you want to know why things today are the way they are, read this book. Contained within its pages is a sweeping panorama of pertinent statements made by those 'realists' of the twentieth century, that is actually, from the 1880's on up to today. Fascism is not racism, says Morgan, Fascism is realism. It is a doctrine of realistic social and economic policies for todays world. It is neither 'right-wing' or 'left-wing'; it is the extreme radical center. It is thinking outside of the box as they say. The book begins with a very informative introduction containing a large amount of historical background. It is, however, preceded with a preface of equally historical and semi biographical importance. Afterward is the main text called the 'Codex'. The 'Codex' is a long anthology of excerpts, quotes, paraphrases, citations and commentary. The book ends with a final word by Morgan. Also included is a complete bibleography and index. It is recommended for first or second year political science majors and for all those who are interested in the true meaning of Fascism for our time, rather than what they've seen and heard on television and in the mass media. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: My Rise And Fall Benito Mussolini, 1998-08-22 Records Il Duce's years as an agitator and journalist, formation of the fascist party, his years in power, and the coup d'etat that deposed him. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Mussolini's Italy R. J. B. Bosworth, 2007-01-30 With Mussolini ’s Italy, R.J.B. Bosworth—the foremost scholar on the subject writing in English—vividly brings to life the period in which Italians participated in one of the twentieth century’s most notorious political experiments. Il Duce’s Fascists were the original totalitarians, espousing a cult of violence and obedience that inspired many other dictatorships, Hitler’s first among them. But as Bosworth reveals, many Italians resisted its ideology, finding ways, ingenious and varied, to keep Fascism from taking hold as deeply as it did in Germany. A sweeping chronicle of struggle in terrible times, this is the definitive account of Italy’s darkest hour. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Origins and Doctrine of Fascism Giovanni Gentile, 2017-07-05 Giovanni Gentile (1875-1944) was the major theorist of Italian fascism, supplying its justifi cation and rationale as a developmental form of dictatorship for status-deprived nations languishing on the margins of the Great Powers. Gentile's actualism (as his philosophy came to be called) absorbed many intellectual currents of the early twentieth century, including nationalism, syndicalism, and futurism. He called the individual to an idealistic ethic of obedience, work, self-sacrifi ce, and national community in a dynamic rebellion against the perceived impostures of imperialism. This volume makes available some of his more signifi cant writings produced shortly before and after the Fascist accession to power in Italy. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Mussolini Richard J. B. Bosworth, 2014-03-04 In 1945, disguised in German greatcoat and helmet, Mussolini attempted to escape from the advancing Allied armies. Unfortunately for him, the convoy of which he was part was stopped by partisans and his features, made so familiar by Fascist propaganda, gave him away. Within 24 hours he was executed by his captors, joining those he sent early to their graves as an outcome of his tyranny, at least one million people. He was one of the tyrant-killers who so scarred interwar Europe, but we cannot properly understand him or his regime by any simple equation with Hitler or Stalin. Like them, his life began modestly in the provinces; unlike them, he maintained a traditonal male family life, including both wife and mistresses, and sought in his way to be an intellectual. He was cruel (though not the cruellest); his racism existed, but never without the consistency and vigor that would have made him a good recruit for the SS. He sought an empire; but, in the most part, his was of the old-fashioned, costly, nineteenth century variety, not a racial or ideological imperium. And, self-evidently Italian society was not German or Russian: the particular patterns of that society shaped his dictatorship. Bosworth's Mussolini allows us to come closer than ever before to an appreciation of the life and actions of the man and of the political world and society within which he operated. With extraordinary skill and vividness, drawing on a huge range of sources, this biography paints a picture of brutality and failure, yet one tempered with an understanding of Mussolini as a human being, not so different from many of his contemporaries. 'The definitive study of the Italian dictator.' - Library Journal |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Mussolini Nicholas Farrell, 2018-11-22 Drawing on freshly discovered material--including correspondence previously unavailable outside academia--the talented writer and journalist Nicholas Farrell has created a revelatory biography of the Italian fascist leader and dictator. How did Mussolini manage to take power and hold on to it for two decades? What inspired Churchill to call him the Roman genius and Pope Pius XI to say he was sent by Providence? And how did Mussolini successfully curtail democracy without using mass murder to stay in command? Farrell answers these questions and more, focusing particularly on Mussolini's fatal error: his alliance with Hitler, whom he despised. Anyone interested in history, politics, and World War II will encounter an intriguing and startling picture of one of the 20th century's key figures. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: The Pope and Mussolini David I. Kertzer, 2014 The compelling story of Pope Pius XI's secret relations with Benito Mussolini. A ground-breaking work, based on seven years of research in the Vatican and Fascist archives by US National Book Award-finalist David Kertzer, it will forever change our understanding of the Vatican's role in the rise of Fascism in Europe. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Universal Fascism Michael Arthur Ledeen, 1972 |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Giovanni Gentile A. James Gregor, 2017-07-05 The recent rise in Europe of extreme right-wing political parties along with outbreaks of violent nationalist fervor in the former communist bloc has occasioned much speculation on a possible resurgence of fascism. At the polemical level, fascism has become a generic term applied to virtually any form of real or potential violence, while among Marxist and left-wing scholars discredited interpretations of fascism as a product of late capitalism are revived. Empty of cognitive significance, these formulas disregard the historical and philosophical roots of fascism as it arose in Italy and spread throughout Europe. In Giovanni Gentile: Philosopher of Fascism, A. James Gregor returns to those roots by examining the thought of Italian Fascism's major theorist.In Gregor's reading of Gentile, fascism was-and remains-an anti-democratic reaction to what were seen to be the domination by advanced industrial democracies of less-developed or status-deprived communities and nations languishing on the margins of the Great Powers. Sketching in the political background of late nineteenth-century Italy, industrially backward and only recently unified, Gregor shows how Gentile supplied fascism its justificatory rationale as a developmental dictatorship. Gentile's Actualism (as his philosophy came to be identified) absorbed many intellectual currents of the early twentieth century including nationalism, syndicalism, and futurism and united them in a dynamic rebellion against new perceived hegemonic impostures of imperialism. The individual was called to an idealistic ethic of obedience, work, self-sacrifice, and national community. As Gregor demonstrates, it was a paradigm of what we can expect in the twenty-first century's response, on the part of marginal nations, to the globalization of the industrialized democracies. Gregor cites post-Maoist China, nationalist Russia, Africa, and the Balkans at the development stage from which fascism could grow.The f |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Jazz Italian Style Anna Harwell Celenza, 2017-03-06 This book examines the arrival of jazz in Italy, its reception and development, and how its distinct style influenced musicians in America. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: The Metaphysics Of The Love Of The Sexes Arthur Schopenhauer, 2013-09-28 Is Love an Illusion ? What is the relationship between Love and Sexual Impulse ? Schopenhauer gives us a new way of thinking about relationships between men and women. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: The Truth about Mussolini and Fascism Martin Goldberg, 2020-10-25 In popular history, Benito Mussolini and Fascism are but minor footnotes beneath the shroud of German militarism and World War II. The Italian dictator and his followers typically find themselves remanded by modern scholars to crude stereotypes of barbarism, malice, warmongering, and service to the capitalist elite, all at the expense of the working class. As it turns out, these perceptions simply do not align with the reality of prewar Italy, or Mussolini's conduct during that period. Because Fascism was joined with the Axis, however, attaining honest sources on the matter has proven an immensely difficult chore in the past. The Truth About Mussolini and Fascism solves this considerable problem by answering the earnest history student's prayers. Pulling from both American academics and direct Italian sources, Goldberg crafts a compelling narrative about the specifics of Mussolini's campaign for peace, the work of Fascism to support organized labor, and a remarkable commitment from the Duce to eradicate slavery in Africa. Perhaps most importantly, the book provides one of the only in-depth examinations of the Italian Social Republic available in the English language, making it an invaluable reference point for those curious about the Second World War. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: The Fascist Movement in Italian Life Pietro Gorgolini, 1923 |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: A Primer of Italian Fascism Jeffrey Thompson Schnapp, Olivia E. Sears, Maria G. Stampino, 2000-01-01 A Primer of Italian Fascism makes available for the first time in English translation the key documents pertaining to one of our century?s defining mass political movements. Whereas existing anthologies survey Fascist writings in a multiplicity of national settings, A Primer of Italian Fascism opts for a tightly focused, in-depth approach that emphasizes the development of Fascist ideology in the country of its birth. ø Historically speaking, Italian Fascism was the original Fascism. The model for subsequent movements including Nazism, Falangism, and Integralism, Italian Fascism set out to define a ?third way? to modernization known as ?corporatism.? A Primer of Italian Fascism situates the rise and fall of corporatist ideals within the framework of the actual history of Mussolini?s movement and regime. It includes not only classic doctrinal statements such as Mussolini?s ?Foundations and Doctrine of Fascism? and writings by corporatist theorists such as Bottai, Pellizzi, Rocco, and Spirito, but also an array of fundamental political and juridical documents, including the party platforms adopted by the Fascist combat brigades, the 1938 Manifesto of Race, the 1940 Manifesto of Verona, and the Fascist labor and school charters. By making available such an extensive array of source texts, A Primer of Italian Fascism aims to open up for the English reader a more complex and complete vision of Fascism, both in Italy and beyond. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Talks with Mussolini Emil Ludwig, 2023-07-18 In Talks with Mussolini, Emil Ludwig gives readers a rare glimpse into the mind of the notorious Italian dictator. Based on a series of interviews conducted in 1932, the book captures Mussolini's charismatic personality and his vision for a fascist Italy. Ludwig also explores Mussolini's complex relationship with Hitler and the Nazi regime, as well as his attitudes toward war, art, and women. A fascinating portrait of one of the most enigmatic figures of the 20th century, Talks with Mussolini is a must-read for history buffs and anyone interested in the dangers of authoritarianism. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Fascism: A Very Short Introduction Kevin Passmore, 2014-05-29 What is fascism? Is it revolutionary? Or is it reactionary? Can it be both? Fascism is notoriously hard to define. How do we make sense of an ideology that appeals to streetfighters and intellectuals alike? That is overtly macho in style, yet attracts many women? That calls for a return to tradition while maintaining a fascination with technology? And that preaches violence in the name of an ordered society? In the new edition of this Very Short Introduction, Kevin Passmore brilliantly unravels the paradoxes of one of the most important phenomena in the modern world—tracing its origins in the intellectual, political, and social crises of the late nineteenth century, the rise of fascism following World War I, including fascist regimes in Italy and Germany, and the fortunes of 'failed' fascist movements in Eastern Europe, Spain, and the Americas. He also considers fascism in culture, the new interest in transnational research, and the progress of the far right since 2002. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Fascism, Anti-Fascism, and the Resistance in Italy Stanislao G. Pugliese, 2004-01-13 While the historical significance of fascism and anti-fascism is still being hotly debated in Europe and around the world, this anthology offers a new look at the many faces of repression and resistance. Stanislao G. Pugliese brings together a wide range of voices that illuminate more than eighty years of fascism and anti-fascism in Italy. Many of the pieces, including letters from women to Mussolini and anti-fascist graffiti from a Nazi prison in Rome, are available in English for the first time. The selections include historical documents, political analysis, stories, songs, and memoirs from a variety of perspectives. Taken together, the documents provide a compelling account of the political, historical, economic, and social impact of fascism and the resistance. Touching on fields as far ranging as political science, history, women's studies, and religion, Fascism, Anti-Fascism, and the Resistance in Italy is immediate, human, and eminently readable. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Friendly Fascism Gross Bertram Gross, 2020-07-19 The 8th November 2016 marked a startling new era in American political life. After the creeping ascent of Right wing authoritarian parties in the UK and Europe Donald Trump's victory in the presidential election brought an alarming form of e;alt-righte; neo-conservativism into the American political mainstream. Many aspects of this descent into the darkness of fascism was predicted by Bertram Gross in Friendly Fascism, a provocative and original critique of a subtle yet growing fascism in American political life. Gross shows that the chronic problems faced by the U.S. in the late twentieth century required increasing collusion between big business and big government to manage society in the interests of the privileged and powerful. The resulting e;friendly fascisme;, Gross suggests, lacks the dictatorships, public spectacles and overt brutality of 20th century fascism, but has at its root the same denial of individual freedoms and democratic rights. No one who cares about the future of democracy can afford to ignore the frightening realities of Friendly Fascism. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Mussolini as Revealed in His Political Speeches, (November 1914 - August 1923) Benito Mussolini, 2022-10-27 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: A Companion to the City of Rome Claire Holleran, Amanda Claridge, 2018-09-24 A Companion to the City of Rome presents a series of original essays from top experts that offer an authoritative and up-to-date overview of current research on the development of the city of Rome from its origins until circa AD 600. Offers a unique interdisciplinary, closely focused thematic approach and wide chronological scope making it an indispensible reference work on ancient Rome Includes several new developments on areas of research that are available in English for the first time Newly commissioned essays written by experts in a variety of related fields Original and up-to-date readings pertaining to the city of Rome on a wide variety of topics including Rome’s urban landscape, population, economy, civic life, and key events |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: What Is Fascism? Robert Paxton, 2018-10-02 Based on a lifetime’s worth of research, esteemed historian Robert Paxton explores what fascism is and how it has come to have a lasting and continued impact on our history. In the concluding section of his authoritative book, The Anatomy of Fascism, Paxton makes the convincing and radical case that existing definitions of the popular, nationalist, and conservative political view are lacking, and offers up his own brilliant explication—drawn from concrete historical actions—thus transforming our understanding of this dangerous ideology and of why it takes hold when and where it does. A Vintage Shorts Selection. An ebook short. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Fascism and Democracy George Orwell, 2021-09-28 'The feeling that the very concept of objective truth is fading out of the world ... this prospect frightens me much more than bombs' On the 70th anniversary of George Orwell's death, a new collection of his brilliant essays written during the Second World War Fascism and Democracy collects five brilliant examples of Orwell's writing during the darkest days of World War Two. Grappling with the principles of democracy and the potential of reform, the meaning of literature and free speech in times of violence, and the sustainability of objective truth, Orwell offers a compelling portrayal of a nation where norms and ideals can no longer be taken for granted. Like the best of Orwell's writing, these essays also serve as timeless reminders of the fragility of freedom. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: The Jews in Mussolini's Italy Michele Sarfatti, 2006 Provides a comprehensive history from the rise of fascism in 1922 to its defeat in 1945. The author uses statistical evidence to document how the Italian social climate changed from relatively just to irredeemably prejudicial. He demonstrates that Rome did not simply follow the lead of Berlin. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Mediterranean Fascism 1919–1945 Charles Floyd Delzell, 1971-06-18 |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Liberal Fascism Jonah Goldberg, 2008-01-08 “Fascists,” “Brownshirts,” “jackbooted stormtroopers”—such are the insults typically hurled at conservatives by their liberal opponents. Calling someone a fascist is the fastest way to shut them up, defining their views as beyond the political pale. But who are the real fascists in our midst? Liberal Fascism offers a startling new perspective on the theories and practices that define fascist politics. Replacing conveniently manufactured myths with surprising and enlightening research, Jonah Goldberg reminds us that the original fascists were really on the left, and that liberals from Woodrow Wilson to FDR to Hillary Clinton have advocated policies and principles remarkably similar to those of Hitler's National Socialism and Mussolini's Fascism. Contrary to what most people think, the Nazis were ardent socialists (hence the term “National socialism”). They believed in free health care and guaranteed jobs. They confiscated inherited wealth and spent vast sums on public education. They purged the church from public policy, promoted a new form of pagan spirituality, and inserted the authority of the state into every nook and cranny of daily life. The Nazis declared war on smoking, supported abortion, euthanasia, and gun control. They loathed the free market, provided generous pensions for the elderly, and maintained a strict racial quota system in their universities—where campus speech codes were all the rage. The Nazis led the world in organic farming and alternative medicine. Hitler was a strict vegetarian, and Himmler was an animal rights activist. Do these striking parallels mean that today’s liberals are genocidal maniacs, intent on conquering the world and imposing a new racial order? Not at all. Yet it is hard to deny that modern progressivism and classical fascism shared the same intellectual roots. We often forget, for example, that Mussolini and Hitler had many admirers in the United States. W.E.B. Du Bois was inspired by Hitler's Germany, and Irving Berlin praised Mussolini in song. Many fascist tenets were espoused by American progressives like John Dewey and Woodrow Wilson, and FDR incorporated fascist policies in the New Deal. Fascism was an international movement that appeared in different forms in different countries, depending on the vagaries of national culture and temperament. In Germany, fascism appeared as genocidal racist nationalism. In America, it took a “friendlier,” more liberal form. The modern heirs of this “friendly fascist” tradition include the New York Times, the Democratic Party, the Ivy League professoriate, and the liberals of Hollywood. The quintessential Liberal Fascist isn't an SS storm trooper; it is a female grade school teacher with an education degree from Brown or Swarthmore. These assertions may sound strange to modern ears, but that is because we have forgotten what fascism is. In this angry, funny, smart, contentious book, Jonah Goldberg turns our preconceptions inside out and shows us the true meaning of Liberal Fascism. |
| benito mussolini the doctrine of fascism: Giuseppe Mazzini and the Origins of Fascism Simon Levis Sullam, 2015-10-21 This controversial and groundbreaking study proposes a compelling reinterpretation of the political thought of one Italy's founding fathers, Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872), and in the process suggests a new approach to understanding the origins of fascist ideology. |
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베니토-우아한 그녀의 Perfect style. 즐겨찾기가 추가됩니다. 추가하시겠습니까? 추가하기 취소하기
베니토(Benito)
@benito_official STORE (주)베니토 OWNER 김희정 COMPANY REG.NO 129-86-90694 NETWORK REG.NO 제 2014-경기성남-1539호 CHECK ADDRESS 13646 경기도 성남시 …
베니토(Benito)
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베니토(Benito)
업데이트 일자가 확정된 경우 인스타그램 @benito__official 계정 게시물 본문에 함께 기재해 드리고 있습니다.
[하객룩1위 /반팔&7부/한끗다른포인트] [made] - benito.co.kr
@benito_official STORE (주)베니토 OWNER 김희정 COMPANY REG.NO 129-86-90694 NETWORK REG.NO 제 2014-경기성남-1539호 CHECK ADDRESS 13646 경기도 성남시 …
하객룩 | 우아한 그녀, 감성 오피스룩 베니토 - benito.co.kr
@benito__official 하객룩 Best [1만장돌파][made] 얀 투웨이 플리츠 티 블라우스 (봄/간절기/데일리/데일리룩/출근룩/데이트룩/하객룩/격식룩/오피스룩/벚꽃/개강)
[ 2년연속1등시리즈 /후기극찬/구김X] [2천장돌파] [made]
@benito_official STORE (주)베니토 OWNER 김희정 COMPANY REG.NO 129-86-90694 NETWORK REG.NO 제 2014-경기성남-1539호 CHECK ADDRESS 13646 경기도 성남시 …
하객룩DRESS | 우아한 그녀, 감성 오피스룩 베니토
@benito_official STORE (주)베니토 OWNER 김희정 COMPANY REG.NO 129-86-90694 NETWORK REG.NO 제 2014-경기성남-1539호 CHECK ADDRESS 13646 경기도 성남시 …
베니토(Benito)
@benito_official STORE (주)베니토 OWNER 김희정 COMPANY REG.NO 129-86-90694 NETWORK REG.NO 제 2014-경기성남-1539호 CHECK ADDRESS 13646 경기도 …
| 우아한 그녀, 감성 오피스룩 베니토
@benito_official STORE (주)베니토 OWNER 김희정 COMPANY REG.NO 129-86-90694 NETWORK REG.NO 제 2014-경기성남-1539호 CHECK ADDRESS 13646 경기도 …
베니토(Benito)
베니토-우아한 그녀의 Perfect style. 즐겨찾기가 추가됩니다. 추가하시겠습니까? 추가하기 취소하기
베니토(Benito)
@benito_official STORE (주)베니토 OWNER 김희정 COMPANY REG.NO 129-86-90694 NETWORK REG.NO 제 2014-경기성남-1539호 CHECK ADDRESS 13646 경기도 …
베니토(Benito)
상품별 쿠폰 적용; 배송구분 이미지 상품정보 판매가 할인혜택 상품별 쿠폰선택 상품별 쿠폰 할인액
