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| assessment and grading in classrooms: Assessment and Grading in Classrooms Susan M. Brookhart, Anthony J. Nitko, 2008 Assessment and Grading in Classrooms is particularly geared to the needs of classroom teachers, emphasizing sound approaches to gathering both formative and summative information about student achievement of classroom learning targets, interpreting standardized tests for classroom purposes, and using information from multiple sources to help students learn. Classroom examples and stories breathe life into the concepts presented in the text. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Classroom Assessment & Grading that Work Robert J. Marzano, 2006 Robert J. Marzano distills 35 years of research to bring you expert advice on the best practices for assessing and grading the work done by today's students. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Formative Assessment & Standards-Based Grading Robert J. Marzano, 2011-10-27 Learn everything you need to know to implement an integrated system of assessment and grading. The author details the specific benefits of formative assessment and explains how to design and interpret three different types of formative assessments, how to track student progress, and how to assign meaningful grades. Detailed examples bring each concept to life, and chapter exercises reinforce the content. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Grading for Equity Joe Feldman, 2018-09-25 Joe Feldman shows us how we can use grading to help students become the leaders of their own learning and lift the veil on how to succeed. . . . This must-have book will help teachers learn to implement improved, equity-focused grading for impact. —Zaretta Hammond, Author of Culturally Responsive Teaching & The Brain Crack open the grading conversation Here at last—and none too soon—is a resource that delivers the research base, tools, and courage to tackle one of the most challenging and emotionally charged conversations in today’s schools: our inconsistent grading practices and the ways they can inadvertently perpetuate the achievement and opportunity gaps among our students. With Grading for Equity, Joe Feldman cuts to the core of the conversation, revealing how grading practices that are accurate, bias-resistant, and motivational will improve learning, minimize grade inflation, reduce failure rates, and become a lever for creating stronger teacher-student relationships and more caring classrooms. Essential reading for schoolwide and individual book study or for student advocates, Grading for Equity provides A critical historical backdrop, describing how our inherited system of grading was originally set up as a sorting mechanism to provide or deny opportunity, control students, and endorse a fixed mindset about students’ academic potential—practices that are still in place a century later A summary of the research on motivation and equitable teaching and learning, establishing a rock-solid foundation and a true north orientation toward equitable grading practices Specific grading practices that are more equitable, along with teacher examples, strategies to solve common hiccups and concerns, and evidence of effectiveness Reflection tools for facilitating individual or group engagement and understanding As Joe writes, Grading practices are a mirror not just for students, but for us as their teachers. Each one of us should start by asking, What do my grading practices say about who I am and what I believe? Then, let’s make the choice to do things differently . . . with Grading for Equity as a dog-eared reference. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Effective Grading Barbara E. Walvoord, Virginia Johnson Anderson, 2011-01-13 The second edition of Effective Grading—the book that has become a classic in the field—provides a proven hands-on guide for evaluating student work and offers an in-depth examination of the link between teaching and grading. Authors Barbara E. Walvoord and Virginia Johnson Anderson explain that grades are not isolated artifacts but part of a process that, when integrated with course objectives, provides rich information about student learning, as well as being a tool for learning itself. The authors show how the grading process can be used for broader assessment objectives, such as curriculum and institutional assessment. This thoroughly revised and updated edition includes a wealth of new material including: Expanded integration of the use of technology and online teaching A sample syllabus with goals, outcomes, and criteria for student work New developments in assessment for grant-funded projects Additional information on grading group work, portfolios, and service-learning experiences New strategies for aligning tests and assignments with learning goals Current thought on assessment in departments and general education, using classroom work for program assessments, and using assessment data systematically to close the loop Material on using the best of classroom assessment to foster institutional assessment New case examples from colleges and universities, including community colleges When the first edition of Effective Grading came out, it quickly became the go-to book on evaluating student learning. This second edition, especially with its extension into evaluating the learning goals of departments and general education programs, will make it even more valuable for everyone working to improve teaching and learning in higher education. —L. Dee Fink, author, Creating Significant Learning Experiences Informed by encounters with hundreds of faculty in their workshops, these two accomplished teachers, assessors, and faculty developers have created another essential text. Current faculty, as well as graduate students who aspire to teach in college, will carry this edition in a briefcase for quick reference to scores of examples of classroom teaching and assessment techniques and ways to use students' classroom work in demonstrating departmental and institutional effectiveness. —Trudy W. Banta, author, Designing Effective Assessment |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Ungrading Susan Debra Blum, 2020 The moment is right for critical reflection on what has been assumed to be a core part of schooling. In Ungrading, fifteen educators write about their diverse experiences going gradeless. Some contributors are new to the practice and some have been engaging in it for decades. Some are in humanities and social sciences, some in STEM fields. Some are in higher education, but some are the K-12 pioneers who led the way. Based on rigorous and replicated research, this is the first book to show why and how faculty who wish to focus on learning, rather than sorting or judging, might proceed. It includes honest reflection on what makes ungrading challenging, and testimonials about what makes it transformative. CONTRIBUTORS: Aaron Blackwelder Susan D. Blum Arthur Chiaravalli Gary Chu Cathy N. Davidson Laura Gibbs Christina Katopodis Joy Kirr Alfie Kohn Christopher Riesbeck Starr Sackstein Marcus Schultz-Bergin Clarissa Sorensen-Unruh Jesse Stommel John Warner |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: How to Grade for Learning Ken O'Connor, 2017-10-04 Implement standards-based grading practices that help students succeed! Classroom assessment methods should help students develop to their full potential, but meshing traditional grading practices with students’ achievement on standards has been difficult. Making lasting changes to grading practices requires both knowledge and willpower. Discover eight guidelines for good grading, recommendations for practical applications, and suggestions for implementing new grading practices as well as: ? The why’s and the how-to’s of implementing standards-based grading practices ? Tips from 48 nationally and internationally known authors and consultants ? Additional information on utilizing level scores rather than percentages ? Reflective exercises ? Techniques for managing grading more efficiently |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Point-Less Sarah M Zerwin, 2020-03 An exploration of moving away from traditional letter or number grades as an assessment and as a result producing more thoughtful students whose learning is more authentic-- |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: What We Know About Grading Thomas R. Guskey, Susan M. Brookhart, 2019-02-04 Grading is one of the most hotly debated topics in education, and grading practices themselves are largely based on tradition, instinct, or personal history or philosophy. But to be effective, grading policies and practices must be based on trustworthy research evidence. Enter this book: a review of 100-plus years of grading research that presents the broadest and most comprehensive summary of research on grading and reporting available to date, with clear takeaways for learning and teaching. Edited by Thomas R. Guskey and Susan M. Brookhart, this indispensable guide features thoughtful, thorough dives into the research from a distinguished team of scholars, geared to a broad range of stakeholders, including teachers, school leaders, policymakers, and researchers. Each chapter addresses a different area of grading research and describes how the major findings in that area might be leveraged to improve grading policy and practice. Ultimately, Guskey and Brookhart identify four themes emerging from the research that can guide these efforts: - Start with clear learning goals, - Focus on the feedback function of grades, - Limit the number of grade categories, and - Provide multiple grades that reflect product, process, and progress criteria. By distilling the vast body of research evidence into meaningful, actionable findings and strategies, this book is the jump-start all stakeholders need to build a better understanding of what works—and where to go from here. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Creating Online Learning Experiences Matt Crosslin, Justin Dellinger, Rebecca Heiser, Brett Benham, Brittany Usman, Amber Patterson, Peggy Semingson, Catherine Spann, Harriet Watkins, 2018-06-22 This book provides an updated look at issues that comprise the online learning experience creation process. As online learning evolves, the lines and distinctions between various classifications of courses has blurred and often vanished. Classic elements of instructional design remain relevant at the same time that newer concepts of learning experience are growing in importance. However, problematic issues new and old still have to be addressed. This handbook explores many of these topics for new and experienced designers alike, whether creating traditional online courses, open learning experiences, or anything in between. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Balanced Assessment Systems Steve Chappuis, Carol Commodore, Rick Stiggins, 2016-07-20 Build a balanced assessment system and support ESSA requirements! The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) increases assessment flexibility and responsibilities for states and districts, and this comprehensive guide helps leaders meet and succeed that challenge. Authors Chappuis, Commodore and Stiggins have helped thousands of teachers, principals and other educational leaders in becoming assessment-literate and developing assessment systems built on quality assessment. Readers will learn how to: Develop balance in an assessment system by combining formative and summative approaches, providing insight on students’ progress Strengthen classroom-based assessment and involve students in self-assessment |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Grading Exceptional and Struggling Learners Lee Ann Jung, Thomas R. Guskey, 2011-09-29 A powerful model for helping struggling students succeed How can you ensure that you are grading your exceptional students fairly? Teachers receive very little guidance for grading students with disabilities, English learners, and those receiving services through a response-to-intervention (RTI) process. This practitioner-friendly book provides teachers and administrators with an effective framework for assigning grades that are accurate, meaningful, and legally defensible. The authors′ easy-to-follow, five-step standards-based inclusive grading model helps teachers: Determine appropriate expectations for each student Understand the differences between accommodations and modifications Grade based on modified expectations Communicate the meaning of grades to students and their families Included are a graphic illustration of the grading model, sample report cards and progress reports, and vignettes that show how to tailor applications to each subgroup and grade level. This invaluable guide takes the mystery out of grading exceptional learners and focuses on what matters most—helping all students learn. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Fair Isn't Always Equal Rick Wormeli, 2006 Differentiated instruction is a nice idea, but what happens when it comes to assessing and grading students? What's both fair and leads to real student learning? Fair Isn't Always Equal answers that question and much more. Rick Wormeli offers the latest research and common sense thinking that teachers and administrators seek when it comes to assessment and grading in differentiated classes. Filled with real examples and gray areas that middle and high school educators will easily recognize, Rick tackles important and sometimes controversial assessment and grading issues constructively. The book covers high-level concepts, ranging from rationale for differentiating assessment and grading to understanding mastery as well as the nitty-gritty details of grading and assessment, such as: whether to incorporate effort, attendance, and behavior into academic grades;whether to grade homework;setting up grade books and report cards to reflect differentiated practices;principles of successful assessment;how to create useful and fair test questions, including how to grade such prompts efficiently;whether to allow students to re-do assessments for full credit. This thorough and practical guide also includes a special section for teacher leaders that explores ways to support colleagues as they move toward successful assessment and grading practices for differentiated classrooms. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: How to Use Grading to Improve Learning Susan M. Brookhart, 2017-07-19 Grades are imperfect, shorthand answers to “What did students learn, and how well?” In How to Use Grading to Improve Learning, best-selling author Susan M. Brookhart guides educators at all levels in figuring out how to produce grades—for single assignments and report cards—that accurately communicate students’ achievement of learning goals. Brookhart explores topics that are fundamental to effective grading and learning practices: Acknowledging that all students can learn Supporting and motivating student effort and learning Designing and grading appropriate assessments Creating policies for report card grading Implementing learning-focused grading policies Communicating with students and parents Assessing school or district readiness for grading reform The book is grounded in research and resonates with the real lessons learned in the classroom. Although grading is a necessary part of schooling, Brookhart reminds us that children are sent to school to learn, not to get grades. This highly practical book will help you put grading and learning into proper perspective, offering strategies you can use right away to ensure that your grading practices actually support student learning. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Going Gradeless, Grades 6-12 Elise Burns, Elise B Naramore, David Frangiosa, 2021-02-23 Grade reform and standards-based grading (SBG) is a hotly debated issue in education. As one high school administrator puts it, Traditional letter grading is probably the biggest elephant in the room in regard to school reform. We start [grading] at a young age, and it becomes all about accumulating points, and it's not about the learning anymore. (Dan Kelley, principal of Smithfield High School, Rhode Island). When students can focus less on the score and more on the learning, great things happen. SBG is even more challenging in high school. In this book, the authors share their districts' successes moving to alternate assessment methods that promote learning rather than solely achievement. The proponents of grade reform highlight the arbitrary nature of grades, the undue stress experienced by some learners, and the potential interference in the process of learning. On the other hand, opponents reference the lack of accountability and a shift away from content knowledge that is perceived in many alternate assessment models. This book outlines how to remove the negative impacts of grades while still maintaining a high level of accountability. While the majority of other books in this space provide a rationale for why the shift is necessary, these authors provide the classroom teacher's perspective and concrete examples of how these approaches can be developed and applied. They provide sample assessments, student work samples, an accountability checklist, a sample of their rubrics, and a review of our collected data-- |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Concise Answers to Frequently Asked Questions about Assessment & Grading Nicole Dimich, 2023 |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Labor-based Grading Contracts Asao B. Inoue, 2019 Asao B. Inoue argues for the use of labor-based grading contracts along with compassionate practices to determine course grades as a way to do social justice work with students. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Classroom Testing and Assessment for ALL Students Spencer J. Salend, 2009-11-10 A rare opportunity for the new generation of educators to learn alongside a well-known and experienced educator to integrate all learning styles into assessments. Principals should consider this for faculty book studies. The presented techniques will, no doubt, raise standardized test scores while teachers continue to present real curriculum.-Janette Bowen, Sixth-Grade TeacherJunction City Middle School, KSGive all students an equal chance to perform well on your classroom tests and assessments!In today's diverse classrooms, students of different socioeconomic, linguistic, and cultural backgrounds and ability levels share a common learning environment. To meet each student's unique strengths and needs, educators need flexible testing and assessment strategies that fulfill the requirements for standardized assessment and accountability in ways that don't put students at a disadvantage because of their differences.Classroom Testing and Assessment for ALL Students helps both general and special education teachers meet and move beyond the challenges of NCLB and IDEA by using teacher-made tests, appropriate testing accommodations, technology-based testing, and classroom-based assessments that support the teaching and learning process so all students have the opportunity to succeed. The book offers ways for teachers to better differentiate their testing and assessment strategies through: Classroom and school-based examples in each chapterBulleted information outlining hands-on, research-based strategies for teacher implementationForms, reproducibles, stories, vignettes, reflection questions, and checklists that guide educators in applying and tailoring the strategies to their classrooms and studentsTips on using technology to help all students perform better Teachers know their students best. This resource allows teachers to design tests and assessments to accommodate the various strengths and needs of all learners in their classroom. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: The Power of Assessment for Learning Margaret Heritage, Christine Harrison, 2019-11-15 The future of Assessment for Learning 20 years after Inside the Black Box Twenty years after the publication of Inside the Black Box, the landmark review of formative classroom assessment, international education experts Christine Harrison and Margaret Heritage tackle assessment for learning (AfL) anew, with fresh insights gained from two decades of research, theory, and classroom practice. The Power of Assessment for Learning: Twenty Years of Research and Practice in UK & US Classrooms examines the practices and processes of formative assessment over time in both countries, evaluates the benefits accrued to teaching and learning, and considers future developments in growing and sustaining AfL practice. It features: Key AfL ideas, approaches, and supports Vignettes of classroom practice that illustrate AfL in action in the U.K. and U.S. Practice-based evidence to enrich understanding of AfL from both the teacher’s and the student’s perspective Focused on student-centeredness and rich with classroom examples, this book is a ‘sounding board’ for educators to explore and reflect on their own AfL practices and beliefs. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Assessment and Student Success in a Differentiated Classroom Carol A. Tomlinson, Tonya R. Moon, 2013 Carol Ann Tomlinson and Tonya R. Moon take an in-depth look at assessment and show how differentiation can improve the process in all grade levels and subject areas. After discussing differentiation in general, the authors focus on how differentiation applies to various forms of assessment--pre-assessment, formative assessment, and summative assessment--and to grading and report cards. Readers learn how differentiation can --Capture student interest and increase motivation --Clarify teachers' understanding about what is most important to teach --Enhance students' and teachers' belief in student learning capacity; and --Help teachers understand their students' individual similarities and differences so they can reach more students, more effectively Throughout, Tomlinson and Moon emphasize the importance of maintaining a consistent focus on the essential knowledge, understandings, and skills that all students must acquire, no matter what their starting point. Detailed scenarios illustrate how assessment differentiation can occur in three realms (student readiness, interest, and learning style or preference) and how it can improve assessment validity and reliability and decrease errors and teacher bias. Grounded in research and the authors' teaching experience, Assessment and Student Success in a Differentiated Classroom outlines a common-sense approach that is both thoughtful and practical, and that empowers teachers and students to discover, strive for, and achieve their true potential. This is PDF Format E-book: ISBN 978-1-4166-1773-0 |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Grading Smarter, Not Harder Myron Dueck, 2014-07-15 All the talk of closing the achievement gap in schools obscures a more fundamental issue: do the grades we assign to students truly reflect the extent of their learning? In this lively and eye-opening book, educator Myron Dueck reveals how many of the assessment policies that teachers adopt can actually prove detrimental to student motivation and achievement and shows how we can tailor policies to address what really matters: student understanding of content. In sharing lessons, anecdotes, and cautionary tales from his own experiences revamping assessment procedures in the classroom, Dueck offers a variety of practical strategies for ensuring that grades measure what students know without punishing them for factors outside their control; critically examining the fairness and effectiveness of grading homework assignments; designing and distributing unit plans that make assessment criteria crystal-clear to students; creating a flexible and modular retesting system so that students can improve their scores on individual sections of important tests. Grading Smarter, Not Harder is brimming with reproducible forms, templates, and real-life examples of grading solutions developed to allow students every opportunity to demonstrate their learning. Written with abundant humor and heart, this book is a must-read for all teachers who want their grades to contribute to, rather than hinder, their students' success. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Assessment 3.0 Mark Barnes, 2015-01-28 Throw out gradebooks and meet the assessment system of the future! Mark Barnes’s formula for feedback, titled SE2R (Summarize, Explain, Redirect, Resubmit), has delivered stunning results to the forward-thinking schools that have tried it. The method in this book will loosen and then break your classroom’s dependence on the “A-through-F” grading system that does little more than silence student voices. Delving into what really motivates students, the book covers: How GPA is a classic example of “the tail wagging the dog” Utilizing mobile devices and social networks to maximize the benefits of SE2R Addressing and overcoming bureaucratic resistance to change |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Grading for Impact Tom Hierck, Garth Larson, 2018-04-04 Aim for a target-based grading system and create stronger learning opportunities! Do you wish there was more clarity when it comes to measuring student progress and learning? What if there was a way to utilize grading and assessment to focus on learning rather than performance, and the process rather than the product? As grading, assessment, and reporting continue to be relevant topics of discussion, this book helps you create a functional plan to elevate and advance standards-based grading practices. Teachers and administrators will learn how to assess, grade, and report against specific learning targets rather than standards as a whole to make skill acquisition the highest priority. Grounded in application to provide focus and clarity, this book features: Real case studies of schools that have incorporated target-based assessment, feedback, grading, and reporting Practical examples to guide implementation Questions, checklists, illustrations, and audits of practice to showcase the work in action An accessible format and layout that support both immediate implementation and long-term goals Despite being a topic that generates emotion and resistance to change, target-based assessment builds the foundation for a learner-centered system that provides clear expectations and feedback for teachers, students, and parents. Grading for Impact is a simple and straightforward guide to re-thinking grading based on mastery of specific skills and concepts rather than broadly-written standards. Real-world examples of teachers struggling with--and answering--the old questions are included: How do we grade fairly and accurately? and How do we use grades as an instructional strategy? Joseph Staub, High School Teacher Downtown Magnets High School, CA Most stakeholders agree that report cards aren’t enough to show what our students are learning in school, but changing the traditional grading system is a task that requires careful planning and challenging discussions. Grading for Impact shows educators how to start and plan the discussions that will result in genuine learning experiences for students. Ernie Rambo, Virtual Learning Community Coordinator Nevada National Board Professional Learning Institute |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Formative Assessment Margaret Heritage, 2010-06-14 A practical, in-depth guide to implementing formative assessment in your classroom! Formative assessment allows teachers to identify and close gaps in student understanding and move learning forward. This research-based book walks readers through every step of the process and offers illustrative examples across a range of subject areas and grade levels. This book explains how to: Clearly articulate learning progressions, learning goals, and success criteria Select strategies for assessment and provide quality feedback Engage students in self-assessment and self-management Create a classroom environment that values feedback as part of the learning process |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Classroom Instruction that Works Robert J. Marzano, Debra Pickering, Jane E. Pollock, 2001 Describes nine different teaching strategies which have been proven to have positive effects on student learning and explains how those strategies can be incorporated into the classroom. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Classroom Assessment Techniques Thomas A. Angelo, Patricia K. Cross, 2005-04 This revised and greatly expanded edition of the 1988 handbook offers teachers at all levels how-to advise on classroom assessment, including: What classroom assessment entails and how it works. How to plan, implement, and analyze assessment projects. Twelve case studies that detail the real-life classroom experiences of teachers carrying out successful classroom assessment projects. Fifty classroom assessment techniques Step-by-step procedures for administering the techniques Practical advice on how to analyze your data Order your copy today. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Classroom Assessment and the National Science Education Standards National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Center for Education, Committee on Classroom Assessment and the National Science Education Standards, 2001-08-12 The National Science Education Standards address not only what students should learn about science but also how their learning should be assessed. How do we know what they know? This accompanying volume to the Standards focuses on a key kind of assessment: the evaluation that occurs regularly in the classroom, by the teacher and his or her students as interacting participants. As students conduct experiments, for example, the teacher circulates around the room and asks individuals about their findings, using the feedback to adjust lessons plans and take other actions to boost learning. Focusing on the teacher as the primary player in assessment, the book offers assessment guidelines and explores how they can be adapted to the individual classroom. It features examples, definitions, illustrative vignettes, and practical suggestions to help teachers obtain the greatest benefit from this daily evaluation and tailoring process. The volume discusses how classroom assessment differs from conventional testing and grading-and how it fits into the larger, comprehensive assessment system. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Rigor and Assessment in the Classroom Barbara R. Blackburn, 2017-02-24 Learn how to assess students in a way that truly impacts learning. In Rigor and Assessment in the Classroom, bestselling author Barbara R. Blackburn provides a broad range of practical strategies for increasing the rigor and usefulness of your formative and summative assessments. You’ll discover how to... Create an environment where students are expected to learn at high levels; Evaluate and check student learning in a way that ensures growth; Strengthen the validity and reliability of your assessments; Plan assessments in conjunction with planning the instruction; Differentiate assessments to increase the rigor for all students; Enhance the effectiveness of your grading system and feedback; Use performance-based assessment to enhance rigor; and Design clear, reader-friendly rubrics and scoring guides. Each chapter includes ready-to-use tools, examples across the subject areas, and Think About It questions to help you reflect on what you’ve read. Many of the tools are also offered as free eResources at www.routledge.com/9781138936140, so you can easily print and distribute them for classroom use. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Classroom Assessment for Teachers Raymond H. Witte, 2011-05-31 Classroom Assessment for Teachers provides students with essential professional knowledge/skill sets along with contemporary issues surrounding the assessment of student learning progress and achievement. By utilizing an inquiry-oriented approach, pre-service teacher candidates can explore the essential relationship between assessment and teaching with a deliberate focus on encouraging students to construct their own assessment framework and select measures and procedures that are designed to meet their own needs along with those of their students. Individual chapters are devoted to critical assessment topics, including instruction-learning-assessment alignment, formative assessment, self-assessment, formative assessment, grading, Response to Intervention (RTI), performance assessment, affective assessment, as well as high-stakes testing, validity and reliability, and the use of applied statistics in the classroom. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Powerful Teaching Pooja K. Agarwal, Patrice M. Bain, 2024-11-13 Unleash powerful teaching and the science of learning in your classroom Powerful Teaching: Unleash the Science of Learning empowers educators to harness rigorous research on how students learn and unleash it in their classrooms. In this book, cognitive scientist Pooja K. Agarwal, Ph.D., and veteran K–12 teacher Patrice M. Bain, Ed.S., decipher cognitive science research and illustrate ways to successfully apply the science of learning in classrooms settings. This practical resource is filled with evidence-based strategies that are easily implemented in less than a minute—without additional prepping, grading, or funding! Research demonstrates that these powerful strategies raise student achievement by a letter grade or more; boost learning for diverse students, grade levels, and subject areas; and enhance students’ higher order learning and transfer of knowledge beyond the classroom. Drawing on a fifteen-year scientist-teacher collaboration, more than 100 years of research on learning, and rich experiences from educators in K–12 and higher education, the authors present highly accessible step-by-step guidance on how to transform teaching with four essential strategies: Retrieval practice, spacing, interleaving, and feedback-driven metacognition. With Powerful Teaching, you will: Develop a deep understanding of powerful teaching strategies based on the science of learning Gain insight from real-world examples of how evidence-based strategies are being implemented in a variety of academic settings Think critically about your current teaching practices from a research-based perspective Develop tools to share the science of learning with students and parents, ensuring success inside and outside the classroom Powerful Teaching: Unleash the Science of Learning is an indispensable resource for educators who want to take their instruction to the next level. Equipped with scientific knowledge and evidence-based tools, turn your teaching into powerful teaching and unleash student learning in your classroom. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Assessment as Learning Lorna M. Earl, 2013 This is a book for teachers and school leaders on formative assessment i.e., assessment as learning where assessment occurs throughout the learning process to inform learning as opposed to assessment that occurs at the end of a learning unit to measure what students have learned (summative assessment). Formative assessment emphasizes the role of the student, not only as a contributor to the assessment and learning process, but the critical connector between them. It defines assessment of learning, assessment for learning and assessment as learning, making a case for assessment as learning. It addresses assessment in the context of what learning is. It shows how to use formative assessment to motivate student learning, help students make connections so that they move from emergent to proficient, extend their learning and to help them become reflective self-regulators of their own learning. It explores how teachers can make the shift to formative assessment by engaging in conceptual change. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Classroom Assessment in Multiple Languages Margo Gottlieb, 2021-01-02 What if multilingual learners had the freedom to interact in more than one language with their peers during classroom assessment? What if multilingual learners and their teachers in dual language settings had opportunities to use assessment data in multiple languages to make decisions? Just imagine the rich linguistic, academic, and cultural reservoirs we could tap as we determine what our multilingual learners know and can do. Thankfully, Margo Gottlieb is here to provide concrete and actionable guidance on how to create assessment systems that enable understanding of the whole student, not just that fraction of the student who is only visible as an English learner. With Classroom Assessment in Multiple Languages as your guide, you’ll: Better understand the rationale for and evidence on the value and advantages of classroom assessment in multiple languages Add to your toolkit of classroom assessment practices in one or multiple languages Be more precise and effective in your assessment of multilingual learners by embedding assessment as, for, and of learning into your instructional repertoire Recognize how social-emotional, content, and language learning are all tied to classroom assessment Guide multilingual learners in having voice and choice in the assessment process Despite the urgent need, assessment for multilingual learners is generally tucked into a remote chapter, if touched upon at all in a book; the number of resources narrows even more when multiple languages are brought into play. Here at last is that single resource on how educators and multilingual learners can mutually value languages and cultures in instruction and assessment throughout the school day and over time. We encourage you to get started right away. “Margo Gottlieb has demonstrated why the field, particularly the field as it involves the teaching of multilingual learners, needs another assessment book, particularly a book like this. . . . Classroom Assessment in Multiple Languages quite likely could serve as a catalyst toward the beginning of an enlightened discourse around assessment that will benefit multilingual learners.” ~Kathy Escamilla |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Science Teaching Reconsidered National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Science Education, Committee on Undergraduate Science Education, 1997-03-12 Effective science teaching requires creativity, imagination, and innovation. In light of concerns about American science literacy, scientists and educators have struggled to teach this discipline more effectively. Science Teaching Reconsidered provides undergraduate science educators with a path to understanding students, accommodating their individual differences, and helping them grasp the methodsâ€and the wonderâ€of science. What impact does teaching style have? How do I plan a course curriculum? How do I make lectures, classes, and laboratories more effective? How can I tell what students are thinking? Why don't they understand? This handbook provides productive approaches to these and other questions. Written by scientists who are also educators, the handbook offers suggestions for having a greater impact in the classroom and provides resources for further research. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Charting a Course to Standards-based Grading Tim Westerberg, 2016 Tim R. Westerberg guides educators to four key destinations on the road to improved grading and assessment. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Elements of Grading Douglas B. Reeves, 2011 Research shows that the quality of feedback is one of the most important factors in improving student learning. Elements of Grading addresses problems with the primary source of feedback: grades. Learn several strategies for reforming grading policy, while examining the common arguments against reform. With this practical guide, you can improve grading to meet four essential criteria-accuracy, fairness, specificity, timeliness-and also make the grading process quicker and more efficient. The book does not offer an ultimate answer or perfect system but shows how to begin a constructive, evidence-based conversation about improving grading systems. Dr. Reeves analyzes the main features of the grading systems many schools use today (such as the 100-point system and the policy of giving points for missed work) and evaluates each of them by his four criteria. He challenges and inspires readers in this comprehensive reevaluation of what grades are, why we use them, and whom they benefit. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Balance With Blended Learning Catlin R. Tucker, 2020-01-09 Rethink the roles, responsibilities, and workflow in your blended learning classroom and enjoy balance in your life. Blended learning offers educators the opportunity to reimagine teaching and learning. It allows teachers to partner with their students to assess, track, and reflect on learning. This partnership gives teachers more time and energy to innovate and personalize learning while providing students the opportunity to be active agents driving their own growth. If one thing is certain after the 2019-2020 school year, blended learning is here to stay. Learning must be a shared endeavor between the teacher and the learner. This book provides teachers with strategies to rethink traditional workflows to make teaching practices sustainable. Written by blended learning expert, Catlin Tucker, this resource provides teachers with concrete strategies and resources they can use to partner with their students to actively engage them in setting goals, monitoring their development, reflecting on their growth, using feedback to improve work, assessing the quality of their work, and communicating their progress with parents. Balance With Blended Learning includes Practical strategies for teachers overwhelmed by their workloads Routines and protocols designed to move feedback and assessment into the classroom to eliminate much of the work teachers take home Ready-to-use templates and resources designed to help students take an active role in tracking, monitoring, and reflecting on their progress Vignettes written by teachers across disciplines Stories from the author′s extensive experience both as a teacher and blended -learning coach Redefining roles in a blended learning classroom encourages students to take ownership over their learning journeys and helps teachers feel more effective, efficient, and energized. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Answers to Essential Questions About Standards, Assessments, Grading, and Reporting Thomas R. Guskey, Lee Ann Jung, 2013 This is an easy to use guide on assessment for learning, answering common questions about 21st century standards and grading considerations. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: SAGE Handbook of Research on Classroom Assessment James H. McMillan, 2013 The Sage Handbook of Research on Classroom Assessment provides scholars, professors, graduate students, and other researchers and policy makers in the organizations, agencies, testing companies, and school districts with a comprehensive source of research on all aspects of K-12 classroom assessment. The handbook emphasizes theory, conceptual frameworks, and all varieties of research (quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods) to provide an in-depth understanding of the knowledge base in each area of classroom assessment and how to conduct inquiry in the area. It presents classroom assessment research to convey, in depth, the state of knowledge and understanding that is represented by the research, with particular emphasis on how classroom assessment practices affect student achieventment and teacher behavior. Editor James H. McMillan and five Associate Editors bring the best thinking and analysis from leading classroom assessment researchers on the nature of the research, making significant contributions to this prominent and hotly debated topic in education. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Hacking Assessment Starr Sackstein, 2022-07-29 Nearly seven years after helping launch a global no-grades classroom movement, Sackstein has honed her practice and now brings teachers and school leaders more than 100 new and updated strategies to transform how you assess learning. |
| assessment and grading in classrooms: Using Grading to Support Student Learning Matt Townsley, 2022-06-22 Using Grading to Support Student Learning offers an accessible foundation for using grading practices to support student learning through classroom assessment. Purposeful, defensible grading and reporting mechanisms cannot be neglected in today’s reform climate, and new approaches are needed to understand and refine the roles of homework, formative and summative assessments, and standards across grade levels. Evidence-based and full of illustrative examples, this book bridges research and theory on grading and assessment with classroom practices for pre-service and in-service teachers and fresh perspectives for educational researchers studying grading practices. |
Beyond the Rubric: Classroom Assessment Tools and Assessment …
Abstract. Analytic rubrics are promoted as important tools to assess learner performance and to improve learning outcomes. Rubrics, however, are not appropriate for every classroom assessment, particularly given the time and effort required to construct well-designed rubrics.
Conceptions of classroom assessment and approaches to grading…
Classroom assessment and grading play central roles in education, with important impacts on teachers and students. This study examined the interactions between Canadian teachers’ and stu-dents’ conceptions of assessment and approaches to grading. 219 teachers and students completed a survey with two scales:
Educational Assessment of Students - Pearson
Classroom, How to Use Grading to Support Learning, Learning Targets: Helping Students Aim for Under-standing in Today’s Lesson (with Connie M. Moss), and How to Create and Use Rubrics for Formative Assessment and Grading. Anthony J. Nitko is a private consultant in edu-cational measurement and Professor Emeritus
A GUIDE TO LARGE CLASSROOM ASSESSMENTS - York University
allow them to think differently about assessing large classrooms, alternative assessment methods that would work with large classrooms coupled with examples from different universities and professors. Finally, this guide provides tips for managing grading …
4 Formative Assessment Practices that Make a Difference in Classrooms …
4 Formative Assessment Practices that Make a Difference in Classrooms Spotlight on: formative assessment strategies and techniques • What highly successful teachers do • Specific techniques to try • Implementation tools and tips
Effective Student Assessment and Evaluation in the Classroom
Purposes of Assessment. The major purposes of student assessment and evaluation are to improve student learning and guide students, their parents/guardians, teachers, and others with a legitimate need to help students to acquire the knowledge, skills and attitudes as stated in the programs of study.
Classroom Assessment to Support Teaching and Learning - JSTOR
Classroom assessment includes both formative assess-ment, used to adapt instruction and help students to improve, and summative assessment, used to assign grades. These two forms of assessment must be coher-ently linked through a well-articulated model of learn-ing.
The Role of Classroom Assessment in Teaching and Learning
reformed view of assessment, where assessment plays an integral role in teaching and learning. If assessment is to be used in classrooms to help students learn, it must be transformed in two fundamental ways. First, the content and character of assessments must be significantly improved. Second, the gathering and use of
Classroom Assessment Practices - JSTOR
Classroom assessment serves many purposes for teachers: grading, identification of student special needs, student motivation, and monitoring instructional effectiveness. Teachers have a wide range of classroom assessment methods to employ. These methods provide the teacher with access to powerful assessment of student learning. Good assessment
Classroom Assessment Principles to Support Teaching and Learning
Classroom assessment includes both formative assessment practices focused on moving learning forward and summative assessment used for grading, reporting, and competency determinations.
Effective Grading: A Tool for Learning and Assessment - Auburn …
Grading is the “process by which a teacher assesses student learning through classroom tests and assignments, the context in which good teachers establish that process, and the dialogue that surrounds grades and defines their meaning to various audiences” (1).
Assessment and Student Success in a - ASCD
curriculum design, assessment, and instructional planning in student success. This paper highlights attributes of quality classroom practice within and among these three areas. It pays particular attention to critical intersections between formative assessment and instructional planning for teachers who seek to
Assessment and Grading in High School Mathematics Classrooms …
The assessment and grading practices in 19 mathematics classes in 5 high schools in 3 states were studied. In each class the most frequently used assessment tools were tests and...
Assessment And Grading In Classrooms
Evidence-based and full of illustrative examples, this book bridges research and theory on grading and assessment with classroom practices for pre-service and in-service teachers and fresh...
Classroom Formative and Summative Assessment in the - UiT
Two tools that teachers commonly use to assess student learning of new material and knowledge of state standards are formative and summative assessment. Formative assessment involves gathering data for improving student learning, whereas summative assessment.
Issues and Concerns in Classroom Assessment Practices - ed
This paper analyse the issues involved and the areas of concern in the classroom assessment practice and discusses the recent reforms take place. Key Words: Assessment Practices; Classroom Assessment; Recent Trends in Assessment, Issues in Assessment. 1. Introduction.
Secondary Teachers' Assessment and Grading Practices in …
This study examined secondary classroom teachers’ assessment and grading practices in one urban school division. A survey instrument adapted from the work of Duncan and Noonan (2007) and McMillan (2001) asked current secondary teachers, within inclusive classrooms, to indicate their current assessment and grading practices. Evidence from the
Assessment and Student Success in a Differentiated Classroom
Understand • Quality assessment and grading are based on principles aimed at promoting student success. • Teachers’ grading practices can affect the errors, reliability, validity, and bias inherent in all assessment data. • Grading is judgment-based and …
Chapter 13: Assessment and Grading in the Differentiated …
about grading and suggest some principles that can be used for grading student achievement in the differentiated classroom. Assessment of Learning The world of educational assessment is undergoing tectonic shifts that are literally moving the ground beneath the feet of the educational establishment. We are
Assessment And Grading In Classrooms
assessment, differentiated assessment, grading policies, assessment tools, classroom management. The way we assess and grade students significantly impacts their learning journey and overall educational experience.
