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| the fall of the mongol empire: Korea and the Fall of the Mongol Empire David M. Robinson, 2022-03-31 Korea and the Fall of the Mongol Empire explores the experiences of the enigmatic and controversial King Gongmin of Goryeo, Wang Gi, as he navigated the upheavals of the mid-fourteenth century, including the collapse of the Mongol Empire and the rise of its successors in West, Central, and East Asia. Drawing on a wealth of Korean and Chinese sources and integrating East Asian and Western scholarship on the topic, David Robinson considers the single greatest geopolitical transformation of the fourteenth century through the experiences of this one East Asian ruler. He focuses on the motives of Wang Gi, rather than the major contemporary powers, to understand the rise and fall of empire, offering a fresh perspective on this period of history. The result is a more nuanced and accessible appreciation of Korean, Mongolian, and Chinese history, which sharpens our understanding of alliances across Eurasia. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Rise and Fall of the Second Largest Empire in History Thomas J. Craughwell, 2010-02-01 How Genghis Khan and the Mongols conquered nearly one-sixth of the planet: “The fascinating story of history’s most misunderstood empire builders.” —Alan Axelrod, bestselling author of Miracle at Belleau Wood Emerging out of the vast steppes of Central Asia in the early 1200s, the Mongols, under their ferocious leader, Genghis Khan, quickly carved out an empire that by the late thirteenth century covered almost one-sixth of the Earth’s landmass—from Eastern Europe to the eastern shore of Asia—and encompassed 110 million people. Far larger than the much more famous domains of Alexander the Great and ancient Rome, it has since been surpassed in overall size and reach only by the British Empire. The Rise and Fall of the Second Largest Empire in the World recounts the spectacularly rapid expansion and dramatic decline of the Mongol realm, while examining its real, widespread, and enduring influence on countless communities from the Danube River to the Pacific Ocean. “Great sweeping history from a superb writer.” —Joseph Cummins, author of The War Chronicles “A skillful and imaginative storyteller and conscientious historian.” —David Willis McCullough, author of Wars of the Irish Kings |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Fall of the Mongol Empire Jennifer Swanson, 2016-07-15 As spectacular as its creation was, the fall of the Mongol Empire was just as remarkable. Its descent into chaos was signaled by inter-family rebellion across the four khanates established by Genghis Khan. As weaker Mongol leaders struggled to retain control, drought, flood, famine, and the bubonic plague eventually contributed to the collapse of each khanate. As this volume amply demonstrates, though the Mongols were fierce warriors, their legacy also includes a culture of honor and discipline, centralized government structure, trade promotion and communication routes, and religious tolerance—all of which helped spread wealth, information, and technology across two continents. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Fall of the Mongol Empire Jennifer Swanson, 2016-07-15 As spectacular as its creation was, the fall of the Mongol Empire was just as remarkable. Its descent into chaos was signaled by inter-family rebellion across the four khanates established by Genghis Khan. As weaker Mongol leaders struggled to retain control, drought, flood, famine, and the bubonic plague eventually contributed to the collapse of each khanate. As this volume amply demonstrates, though the Mongols were fierce warriors, their legacy also includes a culture of honor and discipline, centralized government structure, trade promotion and communication routes, and religious tolerance—all of which helped spread wealth, information, and technology across two continents. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: In the Shadow of the Mongol Empire David M. Robinson, 2022-08-04 During the thirteenth century, the Mongols created the greatest empire in human history. Genghis Khan and his successors brought death and destruction to Eurasia. They obliterated infrastructure, devastated cities, and exterminated peoples. They also created courts in China, Persia, and southern Russia, famed throughout the world as centers of wealth, learning, power, religion, and lavish spectacle. The great Mongol houses established standards by which future rulers in Eurasia would measure themselves for centuries. In this ambitious study, David M. Robinson traces how in the late fourteenth century the newly established Ming dynasty (1368-1644) in China crafted a narrative of the fallen Mongol empire. To shape the perceptions and actions of audiences at home and abroad, the Ming court tailored its narrative of the Mongols to prove that it was the rightful successor to the Mongol empire. This is a story of how politicians exploit historical memory for their own gain. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: History of International Relations Erik Ringmar, 2019-08-02 Existing textbooks on international relations treat history in a cursory fashion and perpetuate a Euro-centric perspective. This textbook pioneers a new approach by historicizing the material traditionally taught in International Relations courses, and by explicitly focusing on non-European cases, debates and issues. The volume is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the international systems that traditionally existed in Europe, East Asia, pre-Columbian Central and South America, Africa and Polynesia. The second part discusses the ways in which these international systems were brought into contact with each other through the agency of Mongols in Central Asia, Arabs in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean, Indic and Sinic societies in South East Asia, and the Europeans through their travels and colonial expansion. The concluding section concerns contemporary issues: the processes of decolonization, neo-colonialism and globalization – and their consequences on contemporary society. History of International Relations provides a unique textbook for undergraduate and graduate students of international relations, and anybody interested in international relations theory, history, and contemporary politics. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Mongol Empire Michael Prawdin, 2017-09-29 In his prologue to The Mongol Empire, Michael Prawdin sets the stage for the last and mightiest onslaught of the nomads upon the civilized world. He tells of the many rejoicings in Europe over the successes of the Crusaders in A.D. 1221. But little did Europe know that two decades later, the Mongol hordes organized by Genghis Khan would turn the Middle East into a heap of ruins and spread terror throughout the West. A work of enduring scholarship and literary excellence, The Mongol Empire is a classic on the rise and fall of the world's largest empire. It describes the incredible ascent of the Mongol people, which, through the political and military genius of Genghis Khan, overwhelmed and subdued the nations of most of the world. It demonstrates the transformation of barbarous nomads into the most efficient rulers of their time and describes the crumbling of their vast empire and the assumption of its legacy by the formerly subjugated China and Russia. Maurice Collis in Time and Tide said of The Mongol Empire: It has the rare merit of being both scholarly and exciting...The entire world comes on to his canvas, romantic and fantastical persons pass in our view, and at the conclusion we realize that we have seen the whole of what Marco Polo saw only in part. while The Observer commented, it is a fine book, full of dramatic occasion well used, clear in proportions. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Cambridge History of War: Volume 2, War and the Medieval World David A. Graff, 2020-10-01 Volume II of The Cambridge History of War covers what in Europe is commonly called 'the Middle Ages'. It includes all of the well-known themes of European warfare, from the migrations of the Germanic peoples and the Vikings through the Reconquista, the Crusades and the age of chivalry, to the development of state-controlled gunpowder-wielding armies and the urban militias of the later middle ages; yet its scope is world-wide, ranging across Eurasia and the Americas to trace the interregional connections formed by the great Arab conquests and the expansion of Islam, the migrations of horse nomads such as the Avars and the Turks, the formation of the vast Mongol Empire, and the spread of new technologies – including gunpowder and the earliest firearms – by land and sea. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy Reuven Amitai, David Orrin Morgan, 2000 The Mongol Empire was founded by Chinggis Khan in the early thirteenth century. Within the span of two generations it embraced most of Asia. It left a lasting impact on this area and its people, which was often far from negative! The volume offers fresh perspectives on the Mongol Empire and its legacy. Various authors approach the matter from a variety of views, including political, military, social, cultural and intellectual. In doing so, they shed a new light on the Mongol Empire. This publication has also been published in hardback, please click here for details. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Mongol Empire John Man, 2014-06-19 Genghis Khan is one of history's immortals: a leader of genius, driven by an inspiring vision for peaceful world rule. Believing he was divinely protected, Genghis united warring clans to create a nation and then an empire that ran across much of Asia. Under his grandson, Kublai Khan, the vision evolved into a more complex religious ideology, justifying further expansion. Kublai doubled the empire's size until, in the late 13th century, he and the rest of Genghis’s ‘Golden Family’ controlled one fifth of the inhabited world. Along the way, he conquered all China, gave the nation the borders it has today, and then, finally, discovered the limits to growth. Genghis's dream of world rule turned out to be a fantasy. And yet, in terms of the sheer scale of the conquests, never has a vision and the character of one man had such an effect on the world. Charting the evolution of this vision, John Man provides a unique account of the Mongol Empire, from young Genghis to old Kublai, from a rejected teenager to the world’s most powerful emperor. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Mongol Empire between Myth and Reality Denise Aigle, 2014-10-23 In The Mongol Empire between Myth and Reality, Denise Aigle presents the Mongol empire as a moment of contact between political ideologies, religions, cultures and languages, and, in terms of reciprocal representations, between the Far East, the Muslim East, and the Latin West. The first part is devoted to “The memoria of the Mongols in historical and literary sources” in which she examines how the Mongol rulers were perceived by the peoples with whom they were in contact. In “Shamanism and Islam” she studies the perception of shamanism by Muslim authors and their attempts to integrate Genghis Khan and his successors into an Islamic framework. The last sections deal with geopolitical questions involving the Ilkhans, the Mamluks, and the Latin West. Genghis Khan’s successors claimed the protection of “Eternal Heaven” to justify their conquests even after their Islamization. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World Jack Weatherford, 2005-03-22 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • The startling true history of how one extraordinary man from a remote corner of the world created an empire that led the world into the modern age—by the author featured in Echoes of the Empire: Beyond Genghis Khan. The Mongol army led by Genghis Khan subjugated more lands and people in twenty-five years than the Romans did in four hundred. In nearly every country the Mongols conquered, they brought an unprecedented rise in cultural communication, expanded trade, and a blossoming of civilization. Vastly more progressive than his European or Asian counterparts, Genghis Khan abolished torture, granted universal religious freedom, and smashed feudal systems of aristocratic privilege. From the story of his rise through the tribal culture to the explosion of civilization that the Mongol Empire unleashed, this brilliant work of revisionist history is nothing less than the epic story of how the modern world was made. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Crisis of the 14th Century Martin Bauch, Gerrit Jasper Schenk, 2019-12-16 Pre-modern critical interactions of nature and society can best be studied during the so-called Crisis of the 14th Century. While historiography has long ignored the environmental framing of historcial processes and scientists have over-emphasized nature's impact on the course of human history, this volume tries to describe the at times complex modes of the late-medieval relationship of man and nature. The idea of 'teleconnection', borrowed from the geosciences, describes the influence of atmospheric circulation patterns often over long distances. It seems that there were 'teleconnections' in society, too. So this volumes aims to examine man-environment interactions mainly in the 14th century from all over Europe and beyond. It integrates contributions from different disciplines on impact, perception and reaction of environmental change and natural extreme events on late Medieval societies. For humanists from all historical disciplines it offers an approach how to integrate written and even scientific evidence on environmental change in established and new fields of historical research. For scientists it demonstrates the contributions scholars from the humanities can provide for discussion on past environmental changes. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Mongols W. B. Bartlett, 2009 The first new history of the Mongol Empire for over twenty years. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Mongol Conquests in World History Timothy May, 2013-02-15 The Mongol Empire can be seen as marking the beginning of the modern age, and of globalization as well. While communications between the extremes of Eurasia existed prior to the Mongols, they were infrequent and often through intermediaries. As this new book by Timothy May shows, the rise of the Mongol Empire changed everything—through their conquests the Mongols swept away dozens of empires and kingdoms and replaced them with the largest contiguous empire in history. While the Mongols were an extremely destructive force in the premodern world, the Mongol Empire had stabilizing effects on the social, cultural and economic life of the inhabitants of the vast territory, allowing merchants and missionaries to transverse Eurasia. The Mongol Conquests in World History examines the many ways in which the conquests were a catalyst for change, including changes and advancements in warfare, food, culture, and scientific knowledge. Even as Mongol power declined, the memory of the Empire fired the collective imagination of the region into far-reaching endeavors, such as the desire for luxury goods and spices that launched Columbus’s voyage and the innovations in art that were manifested in the masterpieces of the Renaissance. This fascinating book offers comprehensive coverage of the entire empire, rather than a more regional approach, and provides an extensive survey of the legacy of the Mongol Empire. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: Nomads in the Middle East Beatrice Forbes Manz, 2021-12-02 A history of pastoral nomads in the Islamic Middle East from the rise of Islam, through the middle periods when Mongols and Turks ruled most of the region, to the decline of nomadism in the twentieth century. Offering a vivid insight into the impact of nomads on the politics, culture, and ideology of the region, Beatrice Forbes Manz examines and challenges existing perceptions of these nomads, including the popular cyclical model of nomad-settled interaction developed by Ibn Khaldun. Looking at both the Arab Bedouin and the nomads from the Eurasian steppe, Manz demonstrates the significance of Bedouin and Turco-Mongolian contributions to cultural production and political ideology in the Middle East, and shows the central role played by pastoral nomads in war, trade, and state-building throughout history. Nomads provided horses and soldiers for war, the livestock and guidance which made long-distance trade possible, and animal products to provision the region's growing cities. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: Studies on the Mongol Empire and Early Muslim India Peter Jackson, 2023-05-31 The first section of this volume brings together five studies on the Mongol empire. The accent is on the ideology behind Mongol expansion, on the dissolution of the empire into a number of rival khanates, and on the relations between the Mongol regimes and their Christian subjects within and potential allies outside. Three pieces in the second section relate to the early history of the Delhi Sultanate, with particular reference to the role of its Turkish slave (ghulam) officers and guards, while a fourth examines the collapse in 1206-15 of the Ghurid dynasty, whose conquests in northern India had created the preconditions for the Sultanate's emergence. The final three papers are concerned with Mongol pressure on Muslim India and the capacity of the Delhi Sultanate to withstand it. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire William W. Fitzhugh, Morris Rossabi, William Honeychurch, 2013 Accessible scholarly treatment of Mongol history for the wider public, offering a comprehensive view from pre-historic times to the modern age. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Horde Marie Favereau, 2021-04-20 Cundill Prize Finalist A Financial Times Book of the Year A Spectator Book of the Year A Five Books Book of the Year The Mongols are known for one thing: conquest. But in this first comprehensive history of the Horde, the western portion of the Mongol empire that arose after the death of Chinggis Khan, Marie Favereau takes us inside one of the most powerful engines of economic integration in world history to show that their accomplishments extended far beyond the battlefield. Central to the extraordinary commercial boom that brought distant civilizations in contact for the first time, the Horde had a unique political regime—a complex power-sharing arrangement between the khan and nobility—that rewarded skillful administrators and fostered a mobile, innovative economic order. From their capital on the lower Volga River, the Mongols influenced state structures in Russia and across the Islamic world, disseminated sophisticated theories about the natural world, and introduced new ideas of religious tolerance. An eloquent, ambitious, and definitive portrait of an empire that has long been too little understood, The Horde challenges our assumptions that nomads are peripheral to history and makes it clear that we live in a world shaped by Mongols. “The Mongols have been ill-served by history, the victims of an unfortunate mixture of prejudice and perplexity...The Horde flourished, in Favereau’s fresh, persuasive telling, precisely because it was not the one-trick homicidal rabble of legend.” —Wall Street Journal “Fascinating...The Mongols were a sophisticated people with an impressive talent for government and a sensitive relationship with the natural world...An impressively researched and intelligently reasoned book.” —The Times |
| the fall of the mongol empire: Empire's Twilight David M. Robinson, 2009 Four themes dominate this study of the late Mongol empire in Northeast Asia: the need for an all-inclusive regional perspective; pan-Asian integration under the Mongols; the tendency for individual and family interests to trump those of dynasty, country, or linguistic affiliation; and the need to see Koryŏ Korea as part of the wider Mongol empire. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Secret History of the Mongol Queens Jack Weatherford, 2011-03-01 “A fascinating romp through the feminine side of the infamous Khan clan” (Booklist) by the author featured in Echoes of the Empire: Beyond Genghis Khan “Enticing . . . hard to put down.”—Associated Press The Mongol queens of the thirteenth century ruled the largest empire the world has ever known. The daughters of the Silk Route turned their father’s conquests into the first truly international empire, fostering trade, education, and religion throughout their territories and creating an economic system that stretched from the Pacific to the Mediterranean. Yet sometime near the end of the century, censors cut a section about the queens from the Secret History of the Mongols, and, with that one act, the dynasty of these royals had seemingly been extinguished forever, as even their names were erased from the historical record. With The Secret History of the Mongol Queens, a groundbreaking and magnificently researched narrative, Jack Weatherford restores the queens’ missing chapter to the annals of history. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Fall of the Mongol Empire Jennifer Swanson, 2016-07-15 As spectacular as its creation was, the fall of the Mongol Empire was just as remarkable. Its descent into chaos was signaled by inter-family rebellion across the four khanates established by Genghis Khan. As weaker Mongol leaders struggled to retain control, drought, flood, famine, and the bubonic plague eventually contributed to the collapse of each khanate. As this volume amply demonstrates, though the Mongols were fierce warriors, their legacy also includes a culture of honor and discipline, centralized government structure, trade promotion and communication routes, and religious tolerance—all of which helped spread wealth, information, and technology across two continents. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The History of the Mongol Conquests J. J. Saunders, 2001-03-29 By far the best modern narrative account of the most extensive land empire in the history of the world.—David Morgan, author of The Mongols |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Mongol Empire, Its Rise and Legacy Michael Prawdin, 1952 |
| the fall of the mongol empire: Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire Anne F. Broadbridge, 2018-07-18 How did women contribute to the rise of the Mongol Empire while Mongol men were conquering Eurasia? This book positions women in their rightful place in the otherwise well-known story of Chinggis Khan (commonly known as Genghis Khan) and his conquests and empire. Examining the best known women of Mongol society, such as Chinggis Khan's mother, Hö'elün, and senior wife, Börte, as well as those who were less famous but equally influential, including his daughters and his conquered wives, we see the systematic and essential participation of women in empire, politics and war. Anne F. Broadbridge also proposes a new vision of Chinggis Khan's well-known atomized army by situating his daughters and their husbands at the heart of his army reforms, looks at women's key roles in Mongol politics and succession, and charts the ways the descendants of Chinggis Khan's daughters dominated the Khanates that emerged after the breakup of the Empire in the 1260s. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: A Short History of the Mongols George Lane, 2018-01-25 The Mongol Empire was the mightiest land empire the world has ever seen. At its height it was twice the size of its Roman equivalent. For a remarkable century and a half it commanded a population of 100 million people, while the rule of Chinggis (Genghis) Khan marched undefeated from the Pacific Ocean to the Caspian Sea. George Lane argues that the Mongols were not only subjugators who swept all before them but one of the great organising forces of world history. His book traces the rise of the Great Khan in 1206 to the dissolution of the empire in 1368 by the Ming Dynasty. He discusses the unification of the Turko-Mongol tribes under Chinggis' leadership; the establishment of a vigorous imperium whose Pax Mongolica held mastery over the Central Asian steppes; imaginative policies of religious pluralism; and the rich legacy of the Toluid Empire of Yuan China and Ilkhanate Iran. Offering a bold and sympathetic understanding of Mongol history, the author shows that commercial expansion, cultural assimilation and dynamic political growth were as crucial to Mongol success as desire for conquest. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran Michael Hope, 2016-09-29 This study provides a new interpretation of how political authority was conceived and transmitted in the Early Mongol Empire (1227-1259) and its successor state in the Middle East, the Īlkhānate (1258-1335). Authority within the Mongol Empire was intimately tied to the character of its founder, Chinggis Khan, whose reign served as an idealized model for the exercise of legitimate authority amongst his political successors. Yet Chinggis Khan's legacy was interpreted differently by the various factions within his army. In the years after his death, two distinct political traditions emerged within the Mongol Empire, the collegial and the patrimonialist. Each of these streams represented the economic and political interests of different groups within the Mongol Empire, respectively, the military aristocracy and the central government. The supporters of both streams claimed to adhere to the ideal of Chinggisid rule, but their different statuses within the Mongol community led them to hold divergent views of what constituted legitimate political authority. Michael Hope's study details the origin of, and the differences between, these two streams of tradition; analyzing the role that these streams played in the political development of the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate; and assessing the role that ideological tension between the two streams played in the events leading up to the division of the Īlkhānate. Hope demonstrates that the policy and identity of both the Early Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate were defined by the conflict between these competing streams of Chinggisid authority. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Mongol Empire [2 volumes] Timothy May, 2016-11-07 Covering the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire, this essential reference presents the figures, places, and events that led this once-beleaguered region to rise up to become the largest contiguous empire in history. In the 13th century, Chinggis Khan rose to power, leading an empire of a million people and defeating surrounding regions with much larger populations. This compendium follows the achievements—and failures—of the Mongol Empire from the birth of Chinggis Khan in 1162 to the formation of the successor states that came from the dissolution of the world power in the 16th century: the Yuan Empire in East Asia; the Chaghatai Khanate in Central Asia; the Ilkhanate in the Middle East; and the Jochid or Kipchak Khanate in the Pontic-Caspian Steppes, known as the Golden Horde. Through some 180 entries, this two-volume set covers every aspect of Mongol civilization, organizing content into eight sections: government and politics, organization and administration, individuals, groups and organizations, key events, military, objects and artifacts, and key places. Each section is accompanied by an essay introducing the topic in the context of the Mongol Empire. The work also includes a chronology, a number of annotated primary documents, and a bibliography. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Mongols' Middle East Bruno De Nicola, Charles Melville, 2016-05-30 The Mongols’ Middle East: Continuity and Transformation in Ilkhanid Iran offers a collection of academic articles that investigate different aspects of Mongol rule in 13th- and 14th-century Iran. Sometimes treated only as part of the larger Mongol Empire, the volume focuses on the Ilkhanate (1258-1335) with particular reference to its relations with its immediate neighbours. It is divided into four parts, looking at the establishment, the internal and external dynamics of the realm, and its end. The different chapters, covering several topics that have received little attention before, aim to contribute to a better understanding of Mongol rule in the Middle East and its role in the broader medieval Eurasian world and its links with China. With contributions by: Reuven Amitai, Michal Biran, Bayarsaikhan Dashdondog, Bruno De Nicola, Florence Hodous, Boris James, Aptin Khanbaghi, Judith Kolbas, George Lane, Timothy May, Charles Melville, Esther Ravalde, Karin Rührdanz |
| the fall of the mongol empire: Historical Dictionary of the Mongol World Empire Paul D. Buell, 2003-03-19 This Dictionary, the first work of its kind written in English, examines the history of the Mongol Empire, the pre-imperial era of Mongolian history that preceded it, and the various Mongol successor states that continued to dominate Eurasia long after the breakdown of Mongol unity. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: Mongolian Empire Dinobibi Publishing, 2019-08-10 Most people believe the Mongolian Empire was a small tribe known for looting, robbing, and pillaging. The Mongols used to be little more than nomads prowling the harsh and often barren steppes of Mongolia, but this all changed when a great leader, Genghis Khan, took control. The Mongols were innovative and creative in everything they did beyond just warfare. They owed their successes to their military tactics and impressive art of war, which relied heavily on incredible horsemanship, archery, and other fighting skills. But they also created an immersive world full of ideas, inventions, and art. The Mongolian Empire was a state built by folks who knew how to keep up with the times. The Mongols put to use many ideas and technologies of the day and were very much capable of making these things work for them. Adversity usually gives birth to strength, and the Mongols are a fine example of this principle in practice. Let Dinobibi guide you through a discover of the story of the Mongol Empire, a great testament to how empires rise and fall, exemplifying a process that has been part of the human experience for millennia. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire Don Nardo, 2010-11-19 Genghis Khan was a warrior and ruler of genius who, in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, brought the nomadic tribes of Mongolia together under his rule and then turned his attention beyond his borders. This volume chronicles the history of the ancient people of the steppes, the rise of Genghis Khan and reforms under his rule, his conquests in northern China and Western Asia, and the history of the Mongol people after Genghis Khan. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: Qaidu and the Rise of the Independent Mongol State In Central Asia Michal Biran, 2013-10-31 Qaidu (1236-1301), one of the great rebels in the history of the Mongol Empire, was the grandson of Ogedei, the son Genghis Khan had chosen to be his heir. This boof recounts the dynastic convolutions and power struggle leading up to his rebellion and subsequent events. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Secret History of the Mongols Urgunge Onon, 2001 This fresh translation of one of the only surviving Mongol sources about the Mongol empire, brings out the excitement of this epic with its wide-ranging commentaries on military and social conditions, religion and philosophy, while remaining faithful to the original text. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: Storm from the East Robert Marshall, 1993-01-01 Traces the history of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan and his descendants, describes their military successes, and discusses the Mongol influence on Europe |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Mongols David Morgan, 1991-01-15 This up-to-date chronicle benefits from new discoveries and a broad range of source material. David Morgan explains how the vast Mongolian Empire was organized and governed, examing the religious and policital character of the steppe nomadic society. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Legacy of Genghis Khan Linda Komaroff, Stefano Carboni, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), 2002 Komaroff (curator of Islamic Art, Los Angeles County Museum of Art) and Carboni (curator of Islamic Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art) produced this fine catalog to accompany a major show of Ilkhanid (as the Mongol dynasty was called after conversion to Islam) art exhibited at the authors' museums in New York and Los Angeles in 2002-2003. Most of the manuscripts, metalwork, textiles, ceramics, and other finely decorated objects were created in Iran. Many objects are also included from the Yuan Dynasty in China, during which the Mongols ruled. Eight full-length essays are built around the objects of the exhibition and other works, all depicted in color. The essays describe the history, culture, courtly life, artistic exchanges, religious art, arts of the book, and creation of a new visual language. Distributed by Yale U. Press. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| the fall of the mongol empire: Daily Life in the Mongol Empire George Lane, 2006-02-28 The Mongol Empire comes to life in this vivid account of the lives of ordinary people who lived under the rule of Ghengis Khan. The book allows the reader to enjoy traditional Mongol folktales and experience life in a yurt, the tent in which the nomadic Mongols lived. It explains why the Mongols had a reputation for being savage barbarians by describing their fur-lined clothes and their heavy, meat- and alcohol-based diet. It supplies first-hand accounts of fighting in Ghengis Khan's decimalized army, and explores the various tasks that were left up to the women, such as loading and unloading the wagons when traveling. High school students and undergraduates can compare and contrast religious beliefs and various laws of the Mongols with those of other cultures they are studying. From traditional medicinal treatments to the Great Yasa law system, readers young and old can enjoy this comprehensive, in-depth study of everyday living during the Mongol Empire. The Mongol Empire comes to life in this vivid account of the lives of ordinary people who lived under the rule of Ghengis Khan. The book allows the reader to enjoy traditional Mongol folktales and experience life in a yurt, the tent in which the nomadic Mongols lived. It explains why the Mongols had a reputation for being savage barbarians by describing their fur-lined clothes and their heavy, meat- and alcohol-based diet. It supplies first-hand accounts about fighting in Ghengis Khan's army and explores the various tasks that were left up to the women, such as loading and unloading the wagons when traveling. High school students and undergraduates can compare and contrast religious beliefs and various laws of the Mongols with those of other cultures they are studying. From traditional medicinal treatments to the Great Yasa law system, readers young and old can enjoy this comprehensive, in-depth study of everyday living during the Mongol Empire. In addition to general questions, Lane delves into specific situations of everyday living during the Mongol Empire. Questions such as How did the judicial system of the Mongol Empire work? and What spices were generally used in Mongol cooking? are answered in this extensive study. Subjects include: the structure of steppe society; clothes and hairstyles; the evolution of the nomadic life to one more permanent; the decimalization of the Mongol army; and the shaman's methods of healing sick patients. Other topics are: the Mongols' insatiable thirst for airag, an alcoholic beverage; Hu Szu-hui's royal cookbook; the liberal religious beliefs held by the Mongols; Ghengis Khan's strict law system; and the status of Mongol women. Passages from ancient texts and authors enhance this reference work, one that is essential to all school and public libraries. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: A Concise History of Russia Paul Bushkovitch, 2011-12-05 Accessible to students, tourists and general readers alike, this book provides a broad overview of Russian history since the ninth century. Paul Bushkovitch emphasizes the enormous changes in the understanding of Russian history resulting from the end of the Soviet Union in 1991. Since then, new material has come to light on the history of the Soviet era, providing new conceptions of Russia's pre-revolutionary past. The book traces not only the political history of Russia, but also developments in its literature, art and science. Bushkovitch describes well-known cultural figures, such as Chekhov, Tolstoy and Mendeleev, in their institutional and historical contexts. Though the 1917 revolution, the resulting Soviet system and the Cold War were a crucial part of Russian and world history, Bushkovitch presents earlier developments as more than just a prelude to Bolshevik power. |
| the fall of the mongol empire: The Mongol Conquests Carl Fredrik Sverdrup, 2017-05-04 “A scholarly, detailed history of how the Mongols created the greatest landlocked empire in history” (Midwest Book Review). The Mongols created the greatest landlocked empire known to history. It was an empire created and sustained by means of conquest. Initially an insignificant tribal leader, Genghis Khan gradually increased his power, overcoming one rival after another. After he had subjugated all tribes of Inner Asia, he struck southward into China and later attacked distant Khwarizm in the Near East. Sübe’etei continued to make significant conquests after Genghis Khan died, conquering central China and leading a large force into the heart of Europe. Between them, Genghis Khan and Sube’etei directed more than 40 campaigns, fought more than 60 battles, and conquered all lands from Korea in the east to Hungary and Poland in the west. This book offers a detailed narrative of the military operations of these two leaders, based on early Mongolian, Chinese, Near Eastern, and European sources. Making full use of Chinese sourced not translated properly into any European language, the account offer details never before given in English works. Detailed maps showing the operations support the text. Many conventional wisdom views of the Mongols, such as their use of terror as a deliberate strategy, or their excellence at siege warfare, are shown to be incorrect. This is a major contribution to our knowledge of the Mongols and their way of warfare. “History is littered with great leaders leading great armies and conquering large swathes of the world—Attila the Hun, Alexander the Great, the Roman Empire . . . but none perhaps as staggering as that of Genghis Khan. I have never heard of Sube’etei, I’m ashamed to say, until now, in this excellent book by Carl Fredrik Sverdrup. Asian history has never particularly appealed to me, but this is big history, and the author’s style makes it compelling and readable.” —Books Monthly “This is a very valuable addition to the literature on the Mongol conquests, giving us a much clearer idea of the detailed course of their campaigns, the world in which they took place, and the methods used to win them.” —History of War |
Fall (2022 film) - Wikipedia
Fall is a 2022 survival psychological thriller film directed by Scott Mann, who co-wrote the screenplay with Jonathan Frank. The film stars Grace Caroline Currey, Virginia Gardner, …
Fall (2022) - IMDb
Aug 12, 2022 · Fall: Directed by Scott Mann. With Grace Caroline Currey, Virginia Gardner, Mason Gooding, Jeffrey Dean Morgan. When a high-rise climb goes wrong, best friends Becky …
FALL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of FALL is to descend freely by the force of gravity. How to use fall in a sentence.
When is the First Day of Fall? Autumnal Equinox 2025
In 2025, the autumnal (fall) equinox arrives on Monday, September 22, marking the official first day of fall. Here's everything you should know about the fall equinox—plus our favorite fall …
FALL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
FALL definition: 1. to suddenly go down onto the ground or towards the ground without intending to or by accident…. Learn more.
Fall - Rotten Tomatoes
For best friends Becky (Grace Caroline Currey) and Hunter (Virginia Gardner), life is all about conquering fears and pushing limits. But after they climb 2,000 feet to the top of...
Autumn | Definition, Characteristics, & Facts | Britannica
Nov 17, 2024 · autumn, season of the year between summer and winter during which temperatures gradually decrease. It is often called fall in the United States because leaves fall …
Fall And Autumn: They Don't Mean The Same Thing | Weather.com
Sep 4, 2024 · Fall and autumn are often used interchangeably to describe the third season of the year. But did you know there's a difference in their original meanings?
Fall - definition of fall by The Free Dictionary
fall - pass suddenly and passively into a state of body or mind; "fall into a trap"; "She fell ill"; "They fell out of favor"; "Fall in love"; "fall asleep"; "fall prey to an imposter"; "fall into a strange way of …
Autumn vs. Fall: What Was The Original Name Of This Season?
Oct 2, 2023 · When is fall? In the Northern Hemisphere, fall is roughly between August and November, technically lasting from the autumnal equinox ( often referred to as the September …
Fall (2022 film) - Wikipedia
Fall is a 2022 survival psychological thriller film directed by Scott Mann, who co-wrote the screenplay with Jonathan Frank. The film stars Grace Caroline Currey, Virginia Gardner, …
Fall (2022) - IMDb
Aug 12, 2022 · Fall: Directed by Scott Mann. With Grace Caroline Currey, Virginia Gardner, Mason Gooding, Jeffrey Dean Morgan. When a high-rise climb goes wrong, best friends Becky …
FALL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of FALL is to descend freely by the force of gravity. How to use fall in a sentence.
When is the First Day of Fall? Autumnal Equinox 2025
In 2025, the autumnal (fall) equinox arrives on Monday, September 22, marking the official first day of fall. Here's everything you should know about the fall equinox—plus our favorite fall …
FALL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
FALL definition: 1. to suddenly go down onto the ground or towards the ground without intending to or by accident…. Learn more.
Fall - Rotten Tomatoes
For best friends Becky (Grace Caroline Currey) and Hunter (Virginia Gardner), life is all about conquering fears and pushing limits. But after they climb 2,000 feet to the top of...
Autumn | Definition, Characteristics, & Facts | Britannica
Nov 17, 2024 · autumn, season of the year between summer and winter during which temperatures gradually decrease. It is often called fall in the United States because leaves fall …
Fall And Autumn: They Don't Mean The Same Thing | Weather.com
Sep 4, 2024 · Fall and autumn are often used interchangeably to describe the third season of the year. But did you know there's a difference in their original meanings?
Fall - definition of fall by The Free Dictionary
fall - pass suddenly and passively into a state of body or mind; "fall into a trap"; "She fell ill"; "They fell out of favor"; "Fall in love"; "fall asleep"; "fall prey to an imposter"; "fall into a strange way of …
Autumn vs. Fall: What Was The Original Name Of This Season?
Oct 2, 2023 · When is fall? In the Northern Hemisphere, fall is roughly between August and November, technically lasting from the autumnal equinox ( often referred to as the September …
