Technology Inventions In The 1950s

  technology inventions in the 1950s: I, Robot Isaac Asimov, 2018-05 Earth is ruled by master-machines but the Three Laws of Robotics have been designed to ensure humans maintain the upper hand: 1) A robot may not injure a human being or allow a human being to come to harm 2) A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. 3) A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. But what happens when a rogue robot's idea of what is good for society contravenes the Three Laws?
  technology inventions in the 1950s: The Role of Telehealth in an Evolving Health Care Environment Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Care Services, 2012-11-20 In 1996, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released its report Telemedicine: A Guide to Assessing Telecommunications for Health Care. In that report, the IOM Committee on Evaluating Clinical Applications of Telemedicine found telemedicine is similar in most respects to other technologies for which better evidence of effectiveness is also being demanded. Telemedicine, however, has some special characteristics-shared with information technologies generally-that warrant particular notice from evaluators and decision makers. Since that time, attention to telehealth has continued to grow in both the public and private sectors. Peer-reviewed journals and professional societies are devoted to telehealth, the federal government provides grant funding to promote the use of telehealth, and the private technology industry continues to develop new applications for telehealth. However, barriers remain to the use of telehealth modalities, including issues related to reimbursement, licensure, workforce, and costs. Also, some areas of telehealth have developed a stronger evidence base than others. The Health Resources and Service Administration (HRSA) sponsored the IOM in holding a workshop in Washington, DC, on August 8-9 2012, to examine how the use of telehealth technology can fit into the U.S. health care system. HRSA asked the IOM to focus on the potential for telehealth to serve geographically isolated individuals and extend the reach of scarce resources while also emphasizing the quality and value in the delivery of health care services. This workshop summary discusses the evolution of telehealth since 1996, including the increasing role of the private sector, policies that have promoted or delayed the use of telehealth, and consumer acceptance of telehealth. The Role of Telehealth in an Evolving Health Care Environment: Workshop Summary discusses the current evidence base for telehealth, including available data and gaps in data; discuss how technological developments, including mobile telehealth, electronic intensive care units, remote monitoring, social networking, and wearable devices, in conjunction with the push for electronic health records, is changing the delivery of health care in rural and urban environments. This report also summarizes actions that the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) can undertake to further the use of telehealth to improve health care outcomes while controlling costs in the current health care environment.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Mastering a New Role National Academy of Engineering, Committee on Technology Policy Options in a Global Economy, 1993-02-01 This book examines the changing character of commercial technology development and diffusion in an integrated global economy and its implications for U.S. public policies in support of technological innovation. The volume considers the history, current practice, and future prospects for national policies to encourage economic development through both direct and indirect government support of technological advance.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Patent it Yourself David Pressman, 1985
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Ideas That Created the Future Harry R. Lewis, 2021-02-02 Classic papers by thinkers ranging from from Aristotle and Leibniz to Norbert Wiener and Gordon Moore that chart the evolution of computer science. Ideas That Created the Future collects forty-six classic papers in computer science that map the evolution of the field. It covers all aspects of computer science: theory and practice, architectures and algorithms, and logic and software systems, with an emphasis on the period of 1936-1980 but also including important early work. Offering papers by thinkers ranging from Aristotle and Leibniz to Alan Turing and Nobert Wiener, the book documents the discoveries and inventions that created today's digital world. Each paper is accompanied by a brief essay by Harry Lewis, the volume's editor, offering historical and intellectual context.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Human-Built World Thomas P. Hughes, 2005-05-13 To most people, technology has been reduced to computers, consumer goods, and military weapons; we speak of technological progress in terms of RAM and CD-ROMs and the flatness of our television screens. In Human-Built World, thankfully, Thomas Hughes restores to technology the conceptual richness and depth it deserves by chronicling the ideas about technology expressed by influential Western thinkers who not only understood its multifaceted character but who also explored its creative potential. Hughes draws on an enormous range of literature, art, and architecture to explore what technology has brought to society and culture, and to explain how we might begin to develop an ecotechnology that works with, not against, ecological systems. From the Creator model of development of the sixteenth century to the big science of the 1940s and 1950s to the architecture of Frank Gehry, Hughes nimbly charts the myriad ways that technology has been woven into the social and cultural fabric of different eras and the promises and problems it has offered. Thomas Jefferson, for instance, optimistically hoped that technology could be combined with nature to create an Edenic environment; Lewis Mumford, two centuries later, warned of the increasing mechanization of American life. Such divergent views, Hughes shows, have existed side by side, demonstrating the fundamental idea that in its variety, technology is full of contradictions, laden with human folly, saved by occasional benign deeds, and rich with unintended consequences. In Human-Built World, he offers the highly engaging history of these contradictions, follies, and consequences, a history that resurrects technology, rightfully, as more than gadgetry; it is in fact no less than an embodiment of human values.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: The Idea Factory Jon Gertner, 2012-03-15 The definitive history of America’s greatest incubator of innovation and the birthplace of some of the 20th century’s most influential technologies “Filled with colorful characters and inspiring lessons . . . The Idea Factory explores one of the most critical issues of our time: What causes innovation?” —Walter Isaacson, The New York Times Book Review “Compelling . . . Gertner's book offers fascinating evidence for those seeking to understand how a society should best invest its research resources.” —The Wall Street Journal From its beginnings in the 1920s until its demise in the 1980s, Bell Labs-officially, the research and development wing of AT&T-was the biggest, and arguably the best, laboratory for new ideas in the world. From the transistor to the laser, from digital communications to cellular telephony, it's hard to find an aspect of modern life that hasn't been touched by Bell Labs. In The Idea Factory, Jon Gertner traces the origins of some of the twentieth century's most important inventions and delivers a riveting and heretofore untold chapter of American history. At its heart this is a story about the life and work of a small group of brilliant and eccentric men-Mervin Kelly, Bill Shockley, Claude Shannon, John Pierce, and Bill Baker-who spent their careers at Bell Labs. Today, when the drive to invent has become a mantra, Bell Labs offers us a way to enrich our understanding of the challenges and solutions to technological innovation. Here, after all, was where the foundational ideas on the management of innovation were born.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Inventors and Inventions Doris Simonis, 2007-09 From air conditioners to MRI scanners and from bicycles to frozen foods, modern life would be unimaginable without the work of inventors. Unlike other resources on inventions, Inventors and Inventions surprises readers with its wide-ranging exploration of inventors of the past and present, including the creators of Kevlar, Coca Cola, eBay, and the Global Positioning System.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: The Veldt Ray Bradbury, 2000 Ray Bradbury [RL 6 IL 7-12] The nursery of the Hadleys ultra- modern Happylife Home transforms itself into a sinister African veldt. Theme: technology out of control. 42 pages. Tale Blazers.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: The United States Air Force and the Culture of Innovation, 1945-1965 Stephen B. Johnson, 2002
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Teaching Machines Audrey Watters, 2023-02-07 How ed tech was born: Twentieth-century teaching machines--from Sidney Pressey's mechanized test-giver to B. F. Skinner's behaviorist bell-ringing box. Contrary to popular belief, ed tech did not begin with videos on the internet. The idea of technology that would allow students to go at their own pace did not originate in Silicon Valley. In Teaching Machines, education writer Audrey Watters offers a lively history of predigital educational technology, from Sidney Pressey's mechanized positive-reinforcement provider to B. F. Skinner's behaviorist bell-ringing box. Watters shows that these machines and the pedagogy that accompanied them sprang from ideas--bite-sized content, individualized instruction--that had legs and were later picked up by textbook publishers and early advocates for computerized learning. Watters pays particular attention to the role of the media--newspapers, magazines, television, and film--in shaping people's perceptions of teaching machines as well as the psychological theories underpinning them. She considers these machines in the context of education reform, the political reverberations of Sputnik, and the rise of the testing and textbook industries. She chronicles Skinner's attempts to bring his teaching machines to market, culminating in the famous behaviorist's efforts to launch Didak 101, the pre-verbal machine that taught spelling. (Alternate names proposed by Skinner include Autodidak, Instructomat, and Autostructor.) Telling these somewhat cautionary tales, Watters challenges what she calls the teleology of ed tech--the idea that not only is computerized education inevitable, but technological progress is the sole driver of events.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Tremendous Technology Inventions Katie Marsico, 2017-08-01 Audisee® eBooks with Audio combine professional narration and text highlighting for an engaging read aloud experience! Did you know that President Thomas Jefferson used a copier? Or that one of the world's fastest computers is the size of a two-story house? Get ready to learn the strange stories behind technology inventions you use every day. From the teenager who first imagined the television to a $900 smartphone named Simon, you'll find out how we got the technological wonders that help us connect, create, and keep up.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: The Fourth Industrial Revolution Klaus Schwab, 2017-01-03 World-renowned economist Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, explains that we have an opportunity to shape the fourth industrial revolu­tion, which will fundamentally alter how we live and work. Schwab argues that this revolution is different in scale, scope and complexity from any that have come before. Characterized by a range of new technologies that are fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the developments are affecting all disciplines, economies, industries and governments, and even challenging ideas about what it means to be human. Artificial intelligence is already all around us, from supercomputers, drones and virtual assistants to 3D printing, DNA sequencing, smart thermostats, wear­able sensors and microchips smaller than a grain of sand. But this is just the beginning: nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than a strand of hair and the first transplant of a 3D printed liver are already in development. Imagine “smart factories” in which global systems of manu­facturing are coordinated virtually, or implantable mobile phones made of biosynthetic materials. The fourth industrial revolution, says Schwab, is more significant, and its ramifications more profound, than in any prior period of human history. He outlines the key technologies driving this revolution and discusses the major impacts expected on government, business, civil society and individu­als. Schwab also offers bold ideas on how to harness these changes and shape a better future—one in which technology empowers people rather than replaces them; progress serves society rather than disrupts it; and in which innovators respect moral and ethical boundaries rather than cross them. We all have the opportunity to contribute to developing new frame­works that advance progress.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Powering the Dream Alexis Madrigal, 2011-03-29 Few today realize that electric cabs dominated Manhattan's streets in the 1890s; that Boise, Idaho, had a geothermal heating system in 1910; or that the first megawatt turbine in the world was built in 1941 by the son of publishing magnate G. P. Putnam -- a feat that would not be duplicated for another forty years. Likewise, while many remember the oil embargo of the 1970s, few are aware that it led to a corresponding explosion in green-technology research that was only derailed when energy prices later dropped. In other words: We've been here before. Although we may have failed, America has had the chance to put our world on a more sustainable path. Americans have, in fact, been inventing green for more than a century. Half compendium of lost opportunities, half hopeful look toward the future, Powering the Dream tells the stories of the brilliant, often irascible inventors who foresaw our current problems, tried to invent cheap and energy renewable solutions, and drew the blueprint for a green future.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Electronic Inventions and Discoveries G.W.A Drummer, 1997-01-01 In a remarkably short time, electronics has penetrated almost every aspect of modern life and the pace of development in the field shows no sign of slackening. One of the first books to cover electronic inventions in depth, Electronic Inventions and Discoveries: Electronics from Its Earliest Beginnings to the Present Day, Fourth Edition traces the development of electronics from its earliest beginnings to the present day. Spanning a period of two and a half centuries, the book presents a mini-encyclopedia full of valuable information on practically all inventions in electronics from 1745 to 1996. This fourth edition has been brought up-to-date and made more attractive by a complete redesign while still maintaining the successful features of previous editions. The first nine chapters supply concise yet comprehensive histories of the main areas of the subject. Subsequent chapters provide a list of inventions by subject and succinct descriptions of each invention in date order with over 1,000 references. The book concludes with a list of acronyms and abbreviations, a list of books on inventions and inventors, and a comprehensive index. During his seventy years in the field, the author has collected a variety of published data to form an up-to-date systematic review of the major developments in electronics and the pattern of advances in electronic techniques. The book forms an essential source of reference to practicing engineers wishing to broaden their knowledge. Teachers and students who require a sound background and understanding of electronics will also find the book invaluable. Written in an easily understood largely nontechnical language, this fascinating and authoritative history of electronic developments will be of great interest to electronic hobbyists and general science readers.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: The Net Effect Thomas Streeter, 2011 This book about America's romance with computer communication looks at the Internet, not as a harbinger of the future or the next big thing, but as an expression of the times. Streeter demonstrates that our ideas about what connected computers are for have been in constant flux since their invention. In the 1950s they were imagined as the means for fighting nucelar wars, in the 1960s as systems for bringing mathematical certainty to the messy complexity of social life, in the 1970s as countercultural playgrounds, in the 1980s as an icon for what's good about free markets, in the 1990s as a new frontier to be conquered, and, by the late 1990s, as the transcendence of markets in an anarchist open source utopia. The Net Effect teases out how culture has influenced the construction of the internet and how the structure of the internet has played a role in cultures of social and political thought. -- cover.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Cancer and Common Sense George Crile, 1955
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Media,Technology and Society Brian Winston, 2002-09-11 Challenging the popular myth of a present-day 'information revolution', Media Technology and Society is essential reading for anyone interested in the social impact of technological change. Winston argues that the development of new media forms, from the telegraph and the telephone to computers, satellite and virtual reality, is the product of a constant play-off between social necessity and suppression: the unwritten law by which new technologies are introduced into society only insofar as their disruptive potential is limited.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: That's the Way It Is Charles L. Ponce de Leon, 2016-09-09 Ever since Newton Minow taught us sophisticates to bemoan the descent of television into a vast wasteland, the dyspeptic chorus of jeremiahs who insist that television news in particular has gone from gold to dross gets noisier and noisier. Charles Ponce de Leon says here, in effect, that this is misleading, if not simply fatuous. He argues in this well-paced, lively, readable book that TV news has changed in response to broader changes in the TV industry and American culture. It is pointless to bewail its decline. That s the Way It Is gives us the very first history of American television news, spanning more than six decades, from Camel News Caravan to Countdown with Keith Oberman and The Daily Show. Starting in the latter 1940s, television news featured a succession of broadcasters who became household names, even presences: Eric Sevareid, Walter Cronkite, David Brinkley, Peter Jennings, Brian Williams, Katie Couric, and, with cable expansion, people like Glenn Beck, Jon Stewart, and Bill O Reilly. But behind the scenes, the parallel story is just as interesting, involving executives, producers, and journalists who were responsible for the field s most important innovations. Included with mainstream network news programs is an engaging treatment of news magazines like 60 Minutes and 20/20, as well as morning news shows like Today and Good Morning America. Ponce de Leon gives ample attention to the establishment of cable networks (CNN, and the later competitors, Fox News and MSNBC), mixing in colorful anecdotes about the likes of Roger Ailes and Roone Arledge. Frothy features and other kinds of entertainment have been part and parcel of TV news from the start; viewer preferences have always played a role in the evolution of programming, although the disintegration of a national culture since the 1970s means that most of us no longer follow the news as a civic obligation. Throughout, Ponce de Leon places his history in a broader cultural context, emphasizing tensions between the public service mission of TV news and the quest for profitability and broad appeal.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Milestones of Science and Technology Neil Cossons, Peter Morris, James C. Hart, Lesley Henderson, 2013 1st ed.: Making of the modern world: milestones of science and technology / edited by Neil Cossons with Andrew Nahum and Peter Turvey -- London: John Murray, 1992.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: The Information James Gleick, 2011-03-01 From the bestselling author of the acclaimed Chaos and Genius comes a thoughtful and provocative exploration of the big ideas of the modern era: Information, communication, and information theory. Acclaimed science writer James Gleick presents an eye-opening vision of how our relationship to information has transformed the very nature of human consciousness. A fascinating intellectual journey through the history of communication and information, from the language of Africa’s talking drums to the invention of written alphabets; from the electronic transmission of code to the origins of information theory, into the new information age and the current deluge of news, tweets, images, and blogs. Along the way, Gleick profiles key innovators, including Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, Samuel Morse, and Claude Shannon, and reveals how our understanding of information is transforming not only how we look at the world, but how we live. A New York Times Notable Book A Los Angeles Times and Cleveland Plain Dealer Best Book of the Year Winner of the PEN/E. O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Inside the Black Box of Classroom Practice Larry Cuban, 2013 Inside the Black Box of Classroom Practice takes as its starting point a strikingly blunt question: With so many major structural changes in U.S. public schools over the past century, why have classroom practices been largely stable, with a modest blending of new and old teaching practices, leaving contemporary classroom lessons familiar to earlier generations of school-goers? It is a question that ought to be of paramount interest to all who are interested in school reform in the United States. It is also a question that comes naturally to Larry Cuban, whose much-admired books have focused on various aspects of school reform--their promises, wrong turns, partial successes, and troubling failures. In this book, he returns to this territory, but trains his focus on the still baffling fact that policy reforms--no matter how ambitious or determined--have generally had little effect on classroom conduct and practice. For forty years, Larry Cuban has been a voice of thoughtful analysis amid the overwrought rhetoric of American education reform. His distinctive contribution--updated, deepened, and extended in this book--has been to focus our attention on the persistent gap between the misconceptions of policy elites and the realities of daily practice in the classroom. One hopes that the next generation of American educators will learn the essential lessons of Cuban's analysis more deeply than the current generation. Young people considering a career in education should hold the lessons of this book close to their hearts. -- Richard F. Elmore, Gregory R. Anrig Professor of Educational Leadership, Harvard Graduate School of Education Larry Cuban's well-written book convincingly demonstrates why current education reforms don't work, can't work, and won't work. -- Diane Ravitch, research professor of education, New York University Anyone with a deep interest in public schools should read Inside the Black Box of Classroom Practice. Cuban takes the reader through the history of earnest efforts to improve our schools--through technology, structural reforms, and accountability systems--and shows why they have met with mixed and often disappointing results. His recommendations for us are both cautionary and hopeful, and always respectful of the dilemmas that teachers face each day they walk through the classroom door. -- Gary Yee, board director, District Four, Oakland Unified School District, and retired vice chancellor, Educational Services, Peralta Community College District Larry Cuban is professor emeritus of education at Stanford University.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Our Final Invention James Barrat, 2013-10-01 Elon Musk named Our Final Invention one of five books everyone should read about the future—a Huffington Post Definitive Tech Book of 2013. Artificial Intelligence helps choose what books you buy, what movies you see, and even who you date. It puts the “smart” in your smartphone and soon it will drive your car. It makes most of the trades on Wall Street, and controls vital energy, water, and transportation infrastructure. But Artificial Intelligence can also threaten our existence. In as little as a decade, AI could match and then surpass human intelligence. Corporations and government agencies are pouring billions into achieving AI’s Holy Grail—human-level intelligence. Once AI has attained it, scientists argue, it will have survival drives much like our own. We may be forced to compete with a rival more cunning, more powerful, and more alien than we can imagine. Through profiles of tech visionaries, industry watchdogs, and groundbreaking AI systems, Our Final Invention explores the perils of the heedless pursuit of advanced AI. Until now, human intelligence has had no rival. Can we coexist with beings whose intelligence dwarfs our own? And will they allow us to? “If you read just one book that makes you confront scary high-tech realities that we’ll soon have no choice but to address, make it this one.” —The Washington Post “Science fiction has long explored the implications of humanlike machines (think of Asimov’s I, Robot), but Barrat’s thoughtful treatment adds a dose of reality.” —Science News “A dark new book . . . lays out a strong case for why we should be at least a little worried.” —The New Yorker
  technology inventions in the 1950s: The Past and Future of America's Economy Robert D. Atkinson, 2004-01-01 Anyone interested in American history as well as the future contours of our economy will find Dr. Atkinson's analyses a guide to the past and a provocative challenge for the future. Economists, business leaders, scholars, and economic policymakers will find it a necessary addition to the literature on economic cycles and growth economics.--BOOK JACKET.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Where Good Ideas Come from Steven Johnson, 2011 In this book, one of our most innovative, popular thinkers, Steven Johnson, takes on one of life's key questions: where do good ideas come from?
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Evolving Households Jeremy Greenwood, 2019-01-29 The transformative effect of technological change on households and culture, seen from a macroeconomic perspective through simple economic models. In Evolving Households, Jeremy Greenwood argues that technological progress has had as significant an effect on households as it had on industry. Taking a macroeconomic perspective, Greenwood develops simple economic models to study such phenomena as the rise in married female labor force participation, changes in fertility rates, the decline in marriage, and increased longevity. These trends represent a dramatic transformation in everyday life, and they were made possible by advancements in technology. Greenwood also addresses how technological progress can cause social change. Greenwood shows, for example, how electricity and labor-saving appliances freed women from full-time household drudgery and enabled them to enter the labor market. He explains that fertility dropped when higher wages increased the opportunity cost of having children; he attributes the post–World War II baby boom to a combination of labor-saving household technology and advances in obstetrics and pediatrics. Marriage rates declined when single households became more economically feasible; people could be more discriminating in their choice of a mate. Technological progress also affects social and cultural norms. Innovation in contraception ushered in a sexual revolution. Labor-saving technological progress at home, together with mechanization in industry that led to an increase in the value of brain relative to brawn for jobs, fostered the advancement of women's rights in the workplace. Finally, Greenwood attributes increased longevity to advances in medical technology and rising living standards, and he examines healthcare spending, the development of new drugs, and the growing portion of life now spent in retirement.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Silent Spring Rachel Carson, 2002 The essential, cornerstone book of modern environmentalism is now offered in a handsome 40th anniversary edition which features a new Introduction by activist Terry Tempest Williams and a new Afterword by Carson biographer Linda Lear.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Modern Methods of Clinical Investigation Institute of Medicine, Committee on Technological Innovation in Medicine, 1990-02-01 The very rapid pace of advances in biomedical research promises us a wide range of new drugs, medical devices, and clinical procedures. The extent to which these discoveries will benefit the public, however, depends in large part on the methods we choose for developing and testing them. Modern Methods of Clinical Investigation focuses on strategies for clinical evaluation and their role in uncovering the actual benefits and risks of medical innovation. Essays explore differences in our current systems for evaluating drugs, medical devices, and clinical procedures; health insurance databases as a tool for assessing treatment outcomes; the role of the medical profession, the Food and Drug Administration, and industry in stimulating the use of evaluative methods; and more. This book will be of special interest to policymakers, regulators, executives in the medical industry, clinical researchers, and physicians.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Sources of Medical Technology Committee on Technological Innovation in Medicine, Institute of Medicine, 1995-01-15 Evidence suggests that medical innovation is becoming increasingly dependent on interdisciplinary research and on the crossing of institutional boundaries. This volume focuses on the conditions governing the supply of new medical technologies and suggest that the boundaries between disciplines, institutions, and the private and public sectors have been redrawn and reshaped. Individual essays explore the nature, organization, and management of interdisciplinary R&D in medicine; the introduction into clinical practice of the laser, endoscopic innovations, cochlear implantation, cardiovascular imaging technologies, and synthetic insulin; the division of innovating labor in biotechnology; the government- industry-university interface; perspectives on industrial R&D management; and the growing intertwining of the public and proprietary in medical technology.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: The Invention of Sustainability Paul Warde, 2018-07-12 A groundbreaking study of how sustainability became a social and political problem, and how to think about it today.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: One Nation Under God Kevin M. Kruse, 2015-04-14 The provocative and authoritative history of the origins of Christian America in the New Deal era We're often told that the United States is, was, and always has been a Christian nation. But in One Nation Under God, historian Kevin M. Kruse reveals that the belief that America is fundamentally and formally Christian originated in the 1930s. To fight the slavery of FDR's New Deal, businessmen enlisted religious activists in a campaign for freedom under God that culminated in the election of their ally Dwight Eisenhower in 1952. The new president revolutionized the role of religion in American politics. He inaugurated new traditions like the National Prayer Breakfast, as Congress added the phrase under God to the Pledge of Allegiance and made In God We Trust the country's first official motto. Church membership soon soared to an all-time high of 69 percent. Americans across the religious and political spectrum agreed that their country was one nation under God. Provocative and authoritative, One Nation Under God reveals how an unholy alliance of money, religion, and politics created a false origin story that continues to define and divide American politics to this day.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Poisoner in Chief Stephen Kinzer, 2019-09-10 The bestselling author of All the Shah’s Men and The Brothers tells the astonishing story of the man who oversaw the CIA’s secret drug and mind-control experiments of the 1950s and ’60s. The visionary chemist Sidney Gottlieb was the CIA’s master magician and gentlehearted torturer—the agency’s “poisoner in chief.” As head of the MK-ULTRA mind control project, he directed brutal experiments at secret prisons on three continents. He made pills, powders, and potions that could kill or maim without a trace—including some intended for Fidel Castro and other foreign leaders. He paid prostitutes to lure clients to CIA-run bordellos, where they were secretly dosed with mind-altering drugs. His experiments spread LSD across the United States, making him a hidden godfather of the 1960s counterculture. For years he was the chief supplier of spy tools used by CIA officers around the world. Stephen Kinzer, author of groundbreaking books about U.S. clandestine operations, draws on new documentary research and original interviews to bring to life one of the most powerful unknown Americans of the twentieth century. Gottlieb’s reckless experiments on “expendable” human subjects destroyed many lives, yet he considered himself deeply spiritual. He lived in a remote cabin without running water, meditated, and rose before dawn to milk his goats. During his twenty-two years at the CIA, Gottlieb worked in the deepest secrecy. Only since his death has it become possible to piece together his astonishing career at the intersection of extreme science and covert action. Poisoner in Chief reveals him as a clandestine conjurer on an epic scale.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Wealth and Democracy Kevin Phillips, 2003-04-08 For more than thirty years, Kevin Phillips' insight into American politics and economics has helped to make history as well as record it. His bestselling books, including The Emerging Republican Majority (1969) and The Politics of Rich and Poor (1990), have influenced presidential campaigns and changed the way America sees itself. Widely acknowledging Phillips as one of the nation's most perceptive thinkers, reviewers have called him a latter-day Nostradamus and our modern Thomas Paine. Now, in the first major book of its kind since the 1930s, he turns his attention to the United States' history of great wealth and power, a sweeping cavalcade from the American Revolution to what he calls the Second Gilded Age at the turn of the twenty-first century. The Second Gilded Age has been staggering enough in its concentration of wealth to dwarf the original Gilded Age a hundred years earlier. However, the tech crash and then the horrible events of September 11, 2001, pointed out that great riches are as vulnerable as they have ever been. In Wealth and Democracy, Kevin Phillips charts the ongoing American saga of great wealth–how it has been accumulated, its shifting sources, and its ups and downs over more than two centuries. He explores how the rich and politically powerful have frequently worked together to create or perpetuate privilege, often at the expense of the national interest and usually at the expense of the middle and lower classes. With intriguing chapters on history and bold analysis of present-day America, Phillips illuminates the dangerous politics that go with excessive concentration of wealth. Profiling wealthy Americans–from Astor to Carnegie and Rockefeller to contemporary wealth holders–Phillips provides fascinating details about the peculiarly American ways of becoming and staying a multimillionaire. He exposes the subtle corruption spawned by a money culture and financial power, evident in economic philosophy, tax favoritism, and selective bailouts in the name of free enterprise, economic stimulus, and national security. Finally, Wealth and Democracy turns to the history of Britain and other leading world economic powers to examine the symptoms that signaled their declines–speculative finance, mounting international debt, record wealth, income polarization, and disgruntled politics–signs that we recognize in America at the start of the twenty-first century. In a time of national crisis, Phillips worries that the growing parallels suggest the tide may already be turning for us all.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Invention and the Rise of Technocapitalism Luis Suarez-Villa, 2000 In the context of the historic evolution of capitalism, Suarez-Villa (social ecology, U. of California-Irvine) explores the advent of a form of market capitalism rooted in invention and the development of new technologies. He examines the infrastructure that supports invention and the relationship of techno-capitalism with science, corporate business, and government. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR
  technology inventions in the 1950s: How the Web was Born James Gillies, R. Cailliau, 2000 Two Web insiders who were employees of CERN in Geneva, where the Web was developed, tell how the idea for the World Wide Web came about, how it was developed, and how it was eventually handed over at no charge for the rest of the world to use. 20 illustrations.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: They Made America David Lefer, Gail Buckland, Harold Evans, 2009-03-03 An illustrated history of American innovators -- some well known, some unknown, and all fascinating -- by the author of the bestselling The American Century.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: The Mars Project Wernher Von Braun, 1953 This classic on space travel was first published in 1953, when interplanetary space flight was considered science fiction by most of those who considered it at all. Here the German-born scientist Wernher von Braun detailed what he believed were the problems and possibilities inherent in a projected expedition to Mars. Today von Braun is recognized as the person most responsible for laying the groundwork for public acceptance of America's space program. When President Bush directed NASA in 1989 to prepare plans for an orbiting space station, lunar research bases, and human exploration of Mars, he was largely echoing what von Braun proposed in The Mars Project.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: The Cambridge History of Capitalism Larry Neal, Jeffrey G. Williamson, 2014-01-23 The first volume of The Cambridge History of Capitalism provides a comprehensive account of the evolution of capitalism from its earliest beginnings. Starting with its distant origins in ancient Babylon, successive chapters trace progression up to the 'Promised Land' of capitalism in America. Adopting a wide geographical coverage and comparative perspective, the international team of authors discuss the contributions of Greek, Roman, and Asian civilizations to the development of capitalism, as well as the Chinese, Indian and Arab empires. They determine what features of modern capitalism were present at each time and place, and why the various precursors of capitalism did not survive. Looking at the eventual success of medieval Europe and the examples of city-states in northern Italy and the Low Countries, the authors address how British mercantilism led to European imitations and American successes, and ultimately, how capitalism became global.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: The Great Stagnation Tyler Cowen, 2011-01-25 Tyler Cowen’s controversial New York Times bestseller—the book heard round the world that ignited a firestorm of debate and redefined the nature of America’s economic malaise. America has been through the biggest financial crisis since the great Depression, unemployment numbers are frightening, media wages have been flat since the 1970s, and it is common to expect that things will get worse before they get better. Certainly, the multidecade stagnation is not yet over. How will we get out of this mess? One political party tries to increase government spending even when we have no good plan for paying for ballooning programs like Medicare and Social Security. The other party seems to think tax cuts will raise revenue and has a record of creating bigger fiscal disasters that the first. Where does this madness come from? As Cowen argues, our economy has enjoyed low-hanging fruit since the seventeenth century: free land, immigrant labor, and powerful new technologies. But during the last forty years, the low-hanging fruit started disappearing, and we started pretending it was still there. We have failed to recognize that we are at a technological plateau. The fruit trees are barer than we want to believe. That's it. That is what has gone wrong and that is why our politics is crazy. In The Great Stagnation, Cowen reveals the underlying causes of our past prosperity and how we will generate it again. This is a passionate call for a new respect of scientific innovations that benefit not only the powerful elites, but humanity as a whole.
  technology inventions in the 1950s: Into the Field Tracy Dahlby, 2014-10-15 In this lively memoir of covering the Asian Pacific Rim, a veteran reporter for National Geographic and Newsweek tells the stories behind the stories that reveal the hard work, skill, and luck it takes to be a successful foreign correspondent. His real-world advice about everything from successful travel planning, to finding a great local fixer, to dealing with circumstances that can range from friendly to formidable makes this book a practical how-to guide for aspiring journalists--
Demand-pull, technology-push, and the direction of technological …
but are less suited to capture patterns of technology diffusion and use. They also suffer from a series of additional well-known limitations (e.g. Jaffe and De Rassenfosse,2019; Fontana et al.,2013; Kogan et al.,2017). Second, classification systems change over time, which hampers the study of long-term technology-industry links (Lafond and

1950s Inventions And Technology (book) - vox.nymity.ch
1950s Inventions And Technology Yearbooks in Science Mona Kerby,1995 Explores the decade of the 1950s worldwide highlighting a selection of the significant scientists inventions and scientific developments of the era Strategic Inventions of the Vietnam War Cathleen Small,2015-12-15 The Vietnam War was a conflict that divided many people and

Technology and inventions - Linguahouse
Technology and inventions A A A A VOCABULARYDEVELOPMENT 5 Technologyidioms Inpairs,studytheunderlinedidiomsbelow.Matchthemtothedefinitions. 1. Joe is very touchy. It’s really easy to push his buttons! 2. Mark and Patrick agree on everything. They are always on the same wavelength. 3. Come on, it’s only a crossword.

Inventors with Disabilities  An Opportunity for Innovation, …
inventions are described in this section. Alexander Graham Bell (learning disability – most likely dyslexia) (1847-1922) lived and worked in Boston, Massachusetts, for most of his adult life. Although most well-known for inventing the tele-phone, he had many inventions and innovations in a variety of fields, and their derivatives are commonly

Technology Inventions In The 1950s Copy - goramblers.org
Technology Inventions In The 1950s Delve into the emotional tapestry woven by Emotional Journey with in Experience Technology Inventions In The 1950s . This ebook, available for download in a PDF format ( Download in PDF: *), is more than just words on a …

Factors Affecting Technology Transfer and Commercialization of ...
1 3 • Ownership of patents remains with the academic institute on inventions from government funded projects. • Institute creating an invention must inform the funding agency within 60 days of the creation. • Research institute must inform the government agency about the intention to pat- ent the invention within 90 days; if they fail to inform, under dened prior Acts,

PolyProPylene PolyProPylene Technology Technology
organization’s polypropylene technology to produce tens of thousands of orthopaedic appliances throughout the world. A large number of non-governmental organizations have also adopted this technology. Over the years, several test reports published by the ISPO have endorsed the ICRC’s polypropylene technology for use in developing countries.2

Monolithic Concept and the Inventions of Integrated Circuits by …
the inventions of the ICs by Kilby and Noyce from fundamental technology points of view, it is important at the outset to know what they are exactly. The key facts of these inventions as documented in the literature are summarized in Table–1. 3. Monolithic vs. hybrid concepts We shall describe first how the “monolithic” concept

Technology and inventions - linguahouse.com
Technology and inventions A A A A VOCABULARYDEVELOPMENT 5 Technologyidioms Inpairs,studytheunderlinedidiomsbelow.Matchthemtothedefinitions. 1. Joe is very touchy. It’s really easy to push his buttons! 2. Mark and Patrick agree on everything. They are always on the same wavelength. 3. Come on, it’s only a crossword.

Human inventions and its environmental challenges, especially ...
promising technology that is increasingly used in several areas, including solid waste management (SWM), throughout the SWM cycle—from waste generation and sorting to collection and treatment to

A brief history of human-computer interaction technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Another example is that virtually all soft-ware written today employs user interface toolkits and interface builders—concepts that were developed first at universities. Even the remarkable growth of the World Wide Web is a direct result of HCI research: applying hypertext technology to browsers allows one

What Technology Was Invented In The 1950s (Download Only)
What Technology Was Invented In The 1950s A History of Technology A. R. Hall,E. J. Holmyard,Charles Singer,1978 Strategic Inventions of the Vietnam War Cathleen Small,2015-12-15 The Vietnam War was a conflict that divided many people and brought changes to America It spanned from the 1950s to the 1970s and saw many new and improved ...

1950s New Technology .pdf - x-plane.com
Keywords: 1950s new technology, technological advancements 1950s, 1950s inventions, post-war technology, Cold War technology, 1950s innovation, domestic technology 1950s, 1950s science and technology Introduction: The 1950s witnessed an unprecedented surge in technological innovation, profoundly reshaping daily life and laying the

On the transfer of technology from universities: The impact of the …
the Bayh–Dole Act on U.S. university technology transfer activity. Our review shows that prior research has focused on university patenting activity as the relevant technology transfer metric through which to assess the impact of the Act; however, our argument is that formal university patenting generally begins after the establishment of a TTO.

Third Industrial Revolution Brings Global Development
The third industrial revolution (IR3) began in the 1950s that is considered as the move from mechanical and analogue electronic technology to digital electronics.

TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTIONS - Linguahouse
TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTIONS HEAAADERLOGORIGHT 5 Technologyidioms In pairs, study the underlined idioms below. Match them to the definitions. 1. Joe is very touchy. It’s really easy to push his buttons! 2. Mark and Patrick agree on everything. They are always on the same wavelength. 3. Come on, it’s only a crossword.

Technology Transfer: What India can learn from the United States …
Technology Transfer: What India can learn from the United States Kelly G Hyndman, Steven M Gruskin and Chid S Iyer† Sughrue Mion PLLC, 2100 Pennsylvania Ave, NW, Washington DC 20037, USA ... out of university inspired inventions. The government, in turn, played its part in increasingly sponsoring research by the universities. A major issue

TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTIONS - linguahouse.com
TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTIONS QrrkoD Scan to review worksheet Expemo code: 129I-322F-KS2P 1 Describingtechnology Study the adjectives and put them into the correct category below. convenient cutting-edge handy impractical indispensable invaluable obsolete outdated powerful state-of-the-art useless worthless Positive adjectives: Negative adjectives:

Improving technology commercialization at research institutes ...
and developed basic technology for various industries in India. In the 1950s, NCL was instrumental in setting‐up some of the first organic chemicals and dyes manufacturing industries in India. Later on, during the Green Revolution (1960s), NCL made significant

1 Hollywood's Conversion to Color: 1 - JSTOR
COLOR TECHNOLOGY: THE MAJOR INVENTIONS Technicolor and Eastmancolor were major tech nological inventions for color feature film making. In 1928, Technicolor, Inc., offered a new two-color printing process, and in 1932, it of fered a three-color recording and printing process. In 1950, Eastman Kodak marketed its own three-color recording and ...

TECHNOLOGY, LEARNING, AND INNOVATION - Cambridge …
In the 1950s and 1960s many studies tried to measure the contri-bution of technological change to economic growth in countries operating at the frontiers of technology (Solow, 1957; Denison, 1962). The conclusion was that technological advance accounted for the lion’s share of growth in worker productivity. Since that

Membrane Technology: Past, Present and Future - Springer
Membrane technology is an emerging technology and has become increasingly important in our life. A significant breakthrough for industrial applications of synthetic membranes ... in the 1950s, electrodialysis, MF and ion-exchange membranes were explored and used in Table 1.1 Historical development of membranes (pre-1980s) (adapted from refs ...

Les Paul’s inventions
on sound technology. People couldn’t believe how great his records sounded compared to the other recordings of the time. Shortly after Les received one of the first tape players from his friend Bing Crosby, he added an additional playback head before the recording head so that he could produce on tape the sound on

Forensic Science Timeline - University of Florida
7 Feb 2002 · The Forensic Science Timeline can also be found as an appendix in our recently published book Principles and Practice of Forensic Science: The Profession of Forensic Science

The Impact of a Technology on Society: From 1865 - 1960
The first simple inventions of the wheel, lever, pulley and screw, shaped man and society. ... NASCAR became popular in the late 1950s, “Win on Sunday sell on Monday” became ... latest, greatest technology, and to “keep-up-with-the-Joneses.” Moreover, in 1940 E.B. White wrote, “The motor car is, more than any other object, the ...

Innovation slowdown - Nature
the mid-1950s. Today, 65 years later, speed of travel remains stuck just where it was ... Revolution) when most new inventions involved a new technology. Things changed

What Technology Was Invented In The 1950s [PDF] - wpdev.eu
What Technology Was Invented In The 1950s A History of Technology A. R. Hall,E. J. Holmyard,Charles Singer,1978 Strategic Inventions of the Vietnam War Cathleen Small,2015-12-15 The Vietnam War was a conflict that divided many people and brought changes to America It spanned from the 1950s to the 1970s and saw many new and improved ...

Technology for Deaf People - University of Washington
Deaf Technology 6 Technology • Prosthesis › Augmentation to restore lost function. Cure or partial cure. Examples: hearing aids, cochlear implants • Assistive technology › Popular in rehabilitation literature. Emphasis on the need for assistance. • Access technology › Allows an activity that would be difficult to impossible to ...

Brief History of Computer Systems, Software, and Programming
This led to the creation of assembly languages in the 1950s; programmers used these assembly languages to write software. An assembly language is a low-level programming language which is close to machine language but provides clarity into operations of a machine through the use of symbols. An example of a machine

Introduction to Emerging Technologies - ResearchGate
Engineering and Technology College Computer Networking Overview • The most important inventions of the Industrial Revolution • Transportation: The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel Engine ...

A Condensed History of American Agriculture 1776-1999 Timeline …
al technology brought greatly increased yields and more specialized, capital-intensive farms 1946 National School Lunch Act 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established working procedures that substantially reduced tariffs between member nations. 1954 Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (P.L. 480) facilitated ...

MITOCW | 23. A brief history of the Internet - MIT OpenCourseWare
And a common theme is that there's the technology that comes around, it succeeds, it tries to take over the world. And right at the time and it looks like there's nothing else that's going to happen, some other new ... Now, this sort of story keeps repeating. And so by the 1950s, the dominant player in the communication area is the telephone ...

Do Patents Enable Disclosure? Evidence from the Invention …
follow-on inventions. We nd a strong negative relationship between the enforcement of a secrecy order and the arrival of follow-on inventions. Estimates suggest that the imposition of a secrecy order lowers the arrival of follow-on inventions by 30 to 50 percent while the secrecy order is in force, compared to the baseline of no secrecy.

The Impacts of Technological Invention on Economic Growth A …
Revolution, and further heightened in the recent age of information and computer technology. [S]ince the Industrial Revolution of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, technology has had a unique role in powering growth and transforming economies. Technology represents new ways of doing things, and, once mastered, creates

Historical Development of Dams in India - IOSR Journals
However, the advent of new technology and inventions reduced substantially the cost of construction of such dams alongwith the British colonizer was to generate revenue and to control over the cropping patterns in India, so that the efforts had been directed to construct a permanent dam structure to reign over hydro-politics.

1950s 1960s 1970s - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
1950s 1960s Seven Decades of Cutting-Edge Science Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was established in 1952 at the height of the Cold War to meet urgent national security needs by advancing nuclear weapons science and technology. Renowned physicists E.O. Lawrence and Edward Teller argued for the creation

Organization and Innovation in Air Traffic Control - Reason …
communications technology, even as dramatic improvements have been introduced in Europe, Canada, Australia, and elsewhere. This report documents the substantial benefits of modern air traffic management and, through a series of case studies, examines the innovation failures of the American system and the underlying causes of those failures.

Artificial Intelligence - GOV.UK
Although AI has been around as a concept since the 1950s, a lack of enabling technologies and fluctuating levels of interest and investment led to a lack of tangible benefits from the technology. Computational advancements in modern times, such as processing power and data storage, have resulted in technology catching up with

TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTIONS - linguahouse.com
TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTIONS QrrkoD Scan to review worksheet Expemo code: 129I-F229-SGVF 1 Describingtechnology Study the adjectives and put them into the correct category below. convenient cutting-edge handy impractical indispensable invaluable obsolete outdated powerful state-of-the-art useless worthless

LEARNING EXPERIENCE 7 English: Level A2 Inventions and Technology …
Inventions and Technology in our Lives! English: Level A2 Activity 1: Peruvian Inventors LET’S OBSERVE! Complete the description of each invention. Use the words from the box. there are two extra options. THE CHALLENGE En el Perú existen inventores e innovadores muy talentosos, que con sus creaciones han ayudado a muchas personas. Sin ...

Key questions for discussion: Key Facts in the 1950s - Saltford C …
Key inventions in the 1950s: Key Facts in the 1950s: - The first jet aeroplane to carry passengers, called Comet, began to run a regular passenger service. 1953- Coronation of Queen Elizabeth ll 1954- All rationing comes to an end 1959- Britain's first motorway, the M1, between Birmingham and London, opened.

Evolution of Naval Warfareb - JSTOR
tacular new technology, but with the integration of several known, often rather mundane, inventions. Developments in warship and aircraft design have tended to be evolutionary rather than revolutionary. But there have been several instances when combinations of …

Ocean Exploration: Timeline - National Geographic Society
2 of 3 1912 The Sinking of the Titanic The Titanic sinks after hitting an iceberg, killing 1,500 people. The tragedy led to efforts to develop an acoustic device to find objects ahead of a vessel.

A cultural history through the comics of Donald Duck and friends
characters, used science and technology in his stories in the 1950s and 1960s. This was a period of great American investment in technology (NASA). The same year that NASA was founded in 1958, Barks published one of his most famous comic stories The Twenty Four Carat Moon (Barks, 2020). The story centered around a space race of

Transistors at 75—Past, Present, and Future - IEEE
blance to modern IC technology, but he had died before 2000. Today, we take for granted that over 100 million silicon wafers are used each year to produce about 1020 transistors with the smallest features the size of tens of atoms. But the growth of circuit density could have halted for any one of several reasons long ago but for the ingenuity and

Science and Technology Policy in Finland - blogs.helsinki.fi
Finnish Science, Technology and Innovation Policy – Overview • Until the 1950s: no coherent policy, universities were seen as contributors to the nation building and national culture in general (national sciences, useful sciences) • From the late 1950s until the 1970s: beginning of the science and higher education (HE) policies,

1950s Technology Inventions Full PDF
1950s Technology Inventions Strategic Inventions of the Vietnam War Cathleen Small,2015-12-15 The Vietnam War was a conflict that divided many people and brought changes to America. It spanned from the 1950s to the 1970s and saw many new and improved technologies develop among them napalm, attack helicopters, and TV journalism.

The Birth of Digital—A Brief History of Digital Technologies
of digital technology, coupled with the inherent anonymity of the Internet, has led to unintended consequences such as cyber-bullying, cyber-stalking, fake news, and opinion echo chambers which, rather than helping people communicate and understand each other better, have isolated them into communities of like-minded