The Anatomy Of Fascism

  the anatomy of fascism: The Anatomy of Fascism Robert O. Paxton, 2007-12-18 What is fascism? By focusing on the concrete: what the fascists did, rather than what they said, the esteemed historian Robert O. Paxton answers this question. From the first violent uniformed bands beating up “enemies of the state,” through Mussolini’s rise to power, to Germany’s fascist radicalization in World War II, Paxton shows clearly why fascists came to power in some countries and not others, and explores whether fascism could exist outside the early-twentieth-century European setting in which it emerged. A deeply intelligent and very readable book. . . . Historical analysis at its best. –The Economist The Anatomy of Fascism will have a lasting impact on our understanding of modern European history, just as Paxton’s classic Vichy France redefined our vision of World War II. Based on a lifetime of research, this compelling and important book transforms our knowledge of fascism–“the major political innovation of the twentieth century, and the source of much of its pain.”
  the anatomy of fascism: The Anatomy of Fascism Robert O. Paxton, 2011-12-01 Fascism was the major political invention of the twentieth century and the source of much of its pain. How can we try to comprehend its allure and its horror? Is it a philosophy, a movement, an aesthetic experience? What makes states and nations become fascist? Acclaimed historian Robert O. Paxton shows that in order to understand fascism we must look at it in action - at what it did, as much as what it said it was about. He explores its falsehoods and common threads; the social and political base that allowed it to prosper; its leaders and internal struggles; how it manifested itself differently in each country - France, Britain, the low countries, Eastern Europe, even Latin America as well as Italy and Germany; how fascists viewed the Holocaust; and, finally, whether fascism is still possible in today's world. Offering a bold new interpretation of the fascist phenomenon, this groundbreaking book will overturn our understanding of twentieth-century history.
  the anatomy of fascism: The Anatomy of Fascism Robert O. Paxton, 2005 Fascism was the major political invention of the twentieth century and the source of much of its pain. How can we try to comprehend its allure and its horror? Is it a philosophy, a movement, an aesthetic experience? What makes states and nations become fascist? Acclaimed historian Robert O. Paxton shows that in order to understand fascism we must look at it in action - at what it did, as much as what it said it was about. He explores its falsehoods and common threads; the social and political base that allowed it to prosper; its leaders and internal struggles; how it manifested itself differently in each country - France, Britain, the low countries, Eastern Europe, even Latin America as well as Italy and Germany; how fascists viewed the Holocaust; and, finally, whether fascism is still possible in today's world. Offering a bold new interpretation of the fascist phenomenon, this groundbreaking book will overturn our understanding of twentieth-century history.
  the anatomy of fascism: What Is Fascism? Robert Paxton, 2018-10-02 Based on a lifetime’s worth of research, esteemed historian Robert Paxton explores what fascism is and how it has come to have a lasting and continued impact on our history. In the concluding section of his authoritative book, The Anatomy of Fascism, Paxton makes the convincing and radical case that existing definitions of the popular, nationalist, and conservative political view are lacking, and offers up his own brilliant explication—drawn from concrete historical actions—thus transforming our understanding of this dangerous ideology and of why it takes hold when and where it does. A Vintage Shorts Selection. An ebook short.
  the anatomy of fascism: Fascists Michael Mann, 2004-05-24 Fascists presents a new theory of fascism based on intensive analysis of the men and women who became fascists. It covers the six European countries in which fascism became most dominant - Italy, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania and Spain. It is the most comprehensive analysis of who fascists actually were, what beliefs they held and what actions they committed. The book suggests that fascism was essentially a product of post World War I conditions in Europe and is unlikely to re-appear in its classic garb in the future. Nonetheless, elements of its ideology remain relevant to modern conditions and are now re-appearing, though mainly in different parts of the world.
  the anatomy of fascism: A History of Fascism, 1914–1945 Stanley G. Payne, 1996-07-15 “A History of Fascism is an invaluable sourcebook, offering a rare combination of detailed information and thoughtful analysis. It is a masterpiece of comparative history, for the comparisons enhance our understanding of each part of the whole. The term ‘fascist,’ used so freely these days as a pejorative epithet that has nearly lost its meaning, is precisely defined, carefully applied and skillfully explained. The analysis effectively restores the dimension of evil.”—Susan Zuccotti, The Nation “A magisterial, wholly accessible, engaging study. . . . Payne defines fascism as a form of ultranationalism espousing a myth of national rebirth and marked by extreme elitism, mobilization of the masses, exaltation of hierarchy and subordination, oppression of women and an embrace of violence and war as virtues.”—Publishers Weekly
  the anatomy of fascism: Fascism: A Very Short Introduction Kevin Passmore, 2014-05-29 What is fascism? Is it revolutionary? Or is it reactionary? Can it be both? Fascism is notoriously hard to define. How do we make sense of an ideology that appeals to streetfighters and intellectuals alike? That is overtly macho in style, yet attracts many women? That calls for a return to tradition while maintaining a fascination with technology? And that preaches violence in the name of an ordered society? In the new edition of this Very Short Introduction, Kevin Passmore brilliantly unravels the paradoxes of one of the most important phenomena in the modern world—tracing its origins in the intellectual, political, and social crises of the late nineteenth century, the rise of fascism following World War I, including fascist regimes in Italy and Germany, and the fortunes of 'failed' fascist movements in Eastern Europe, Spain, and the Americas. He also considers fascism in culture, the new interest in transnational research, and the progress of the far right since 2002. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
  the anatomy of fascism: Liberal Fascism Jonah Goldberg, 2008-01-08 “Fascists,” “Brownshirts,” “jackbooted stormtroopers”—such are the insults typically hurled at conservatives by their liberal opponents. Calling someone a fascist is the fastest way to shut them up, defining their views as beyond the political pale. But who are the real fascists in our midst? Liberal Fascism offers a startling new perspective on the theories and practices that define fascist politics. Replacing conveniently manufactured myths with surprising and enlightening research, Jonah Goldberg reminds us that the original fascists were really on the left, and that liberals from Woodrow Wilson to FDR to Hillary Clinton have advocated policies and principles remarkably similar to those of Hitler's National Socialism and Mussolini's Fascism. Contrary to what most people think, the Nazis were ardent socialists (hence the term “National socialism”). They believed in free health care and guaranteed jobs. They confiscated inherited wealth and spent vast sums on public education. They purged the church from public policy, promoted a new form of pagan spirituality, and inserted the authority of the state into every nook and cranny of daily life. The Nazis declared war on smoking, supported abortion, euthanasia, and gun control. They loathed the free market, provided generous pensions for the elderly, and maintained a strict racial quota system in their universities—where campus speech codes were all the rage. The Nazis led the world in organic farming and alternative medicine. Hitler was a strict vegetarian, and Himmler was an animal rights activist. Do these striking parallels mean that today’s liberals are genocidal maniacs, intent on conquering the world and imposing a new racial order? Not at all. Yet it is hard to deny that modern progressivism and classical fascism shared the same intellectual roots. We often forget, for example, that Mussolini and Hitler had many admirers in the United States. W.E.B. Du Bois was inspired by Hitler's Germany, and Irving Berlin praised Mussolini in song. Many fascist tenets were espoused by American progressives like John Dewey and Woodrow Wilson, and FDR incorporated fascist policies in the New Deal. Fascism was an international movement that appeared in different forms in different countries, depending on the vagaries of national culture and temperament. In Germany, fascism appeared as genocidal racist nationalism. In America, it took a “friendlier,” more liberal form. The modern heirs of this “friendly fascist” tradition include the New York Times, the Democratic Party, the Ivy League professoriate, and the liberals of Hollywood. The quintessential Liberal Fascist isn't an SS storm trooper; it is a female grade school teacher with an education degree from Brown or Swarthmore. These assertions may sound strange to modern ears, but that is because we have forgotten what fascism is. In this angry, funny, smart, contentious book, Jonah Goldberg turns our preconceptions inside out and shows us the true meaning of Liberal Fascism.
  the anatomy of fascism: From Fascism to Populism in History Federico Finchelstein, 2019-08-20 What is fascism and what is populism? What are their connections in history and theory, and how should we address their significant differences? What does it mean when pundits call Donald Trump a fascist, or label as populist politicians who span left and right such as Hugo Chávez, Juan Perón, Rodrigo Duterte, and Marine Le Pen? Federico Finchelstein, one of the leading scholars of fascist and populist ideologies, synthesizes their history in order to answer these questions and offer a thoughtful perspective on how we might apply the concepts today. While they belong to the same history and are often conflated, fascism and populism actually represent distinct political trajectories. Drawing on an expansive record of transnational fascism and postwar populist movements, Finchelstein gives us insightful new ways to think about the state of democracy and political culture on a global scale. This new edition includes an updated preface that brings the book up to date, midway through the Trump presidency and the election of Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil.
  the anatomy of fascism: Fascism Roger Griffin, 2018-06-11 The word ‘fascism’ sometimes appears to have become a catch-all term of abuse, applicable to anyone on the political right, from Hitler to Donald Trump and from Putin to Thatcher. While some argue that it lacks any distinctive conceptual meaning at all, others have supplied highly elaborate definitions of its ‘essential’ features. It is therefore a concept that presents unique challenges for any student of political theory or history. In this accessible book, Roger Griffin, one of the world’s leading authorities on fascism, brings welcome clarity to this controversial ideology. He examines its origins and development as a political concept, from its historical beginnings in 1920s Italy up to the present day, and guides students through the confusing maze of debates surrounding the nature, definition and meaning of fascism. Elucidating with skill and precision its dynamic as a utopian ideology of national/racial rebirth, Griffin goes on to examine its post-Second World War mutations and its relevance to understanding contemporary right-wing political phenomena, ranging from Marine Le Pen to Golden Dawn. This concise and engaging volume will be of great interest to all students of political theory, the history of political thought, and modern history.
  the anatomy of fascism: The Nature of Fascism Roger Griffin, 2013-10-11 The Nature of Fascism draws on the history of ideas as well as on political, social and psychological theory to produce a synthesis of ideas and approaches that will be invaluable for students. Roger Griffin locates the driving force of fascism in a distinctive form of utopian myth, that of the regenerated national community, destined to rise up from the ashes of a decadent society. He lays bare the structural affinity that relates fascism not only to Nazism, but to the many failed fascist movements that surfaced in inter-war Europe and elsewhere, and traces the unabated proliferation of virulent (but thus far successfully marginalized) fascist activism since 1945.
  the anatomy of fascism: How to Stop Fascism Paul Mason, 2021-08-26 'For its historical depth, analytical vigour and mobilizational potential, this book is unparalleled ... every page is an urgent invitation to resist' David Lammy MP The bestselling author of PostCapitalism offers a guide to resisting the far right The far right is on the rise across the world. From Modi's India to Bolsonaro's Brazil and Erdogan's Turkey, fascism is not a horror that we have left in the past; it is a recurring nightmare that is happening again - and we need to find a better way to fight it. In How to Stop Fascism, Paul Mason offers a radical, hopeful blueprint for resisting and defeating the new far right. The book is both a chilling portrait of contemporary fascism, and a compelling history of the fascist phenomenon: its psychological roots, political theories and genocidal logic. Fascism, Mason powerfully argues, is a symptom of capitalist failure, and it has haunted us throughout the twentieth century. History shows us the conditions that breed fascism, and how it can be successfully overcome. But it is up to us in the present to challenge it, and time is running out. From the ashes of COVID-19, we have an opportunity to create a fairer, more equal society. To do so, we must ask ourselves: what kind of world do we want to live in? And what are we going to do about it?
  the anatomy of fascism: Three Faces of Fascism Ernst Nolte, 1965 Extensive study by a historian.
  the anatomy of fascism: The Mass Psychology of Fascism Wilhelm Reich, 1970 In this classic study, Reich repudiates the concept that fascism is the ideology or action of a single individual or nationality, or of any ethnic or political group. Instead he sees fascism as the expression of the irrational character structure of the average human being whose whose primary biological needs and impulses have been suppressed for thousands of years.
  the anatomy of fascism: The Anatomy of Frustration H. G. Wells, 2016-09-14 This is the first of three instalments which attempt to present a summary and critique of the life-work of William Burroughs Steele. Steele was an American business man who, subsequent to retiring after the First World War, spent his life working on a comprehensive study of mankind and its aspirations and follies, producing a gargantuan treatise called The Anatomy of Frustration-a treatise previously not published in its entirety. Here, Mr. Wells explains that he himself has decided to publish an account of Steele's little-known treatise in general terms and for the general public. Contents include: Part I. What All Men Seek, Part II. Toward the Next Beginning, and Part III. Why We Are Frustrated. Herbert George Wells (1866 - 1946) was a prolific English writer who wrote in a variety of genres, including the novel, politics, history, and social commentary. Today, he is perhaps best remembered for his contributions to the science fiction genre thanks to such novels as The Time Machine (1895), The Invisible Man (1897), and The War of the Worlds (1898). Many vintage books such as this are becoming increasingly scarce and expensive. We are republishing this book now in an affordable, modern, high-quality edition complete with a specially commissioned new biography of the author. First published in Harper's Magazine, April-June 1936.
  the anatomy of fascism: Fascism: A Warning Madeleine Albright, 2019-01-29 #1 New York Times Bestseller A personal and urgent examination of Fascism in the twentieth century and how its legacy shapes today’s world, written by one of the most admired public servants in American history, the first woman to serve as U.S. secretary of state A Fascist, observed Madeleine Albright, “is someone who claims to speak for a whole nation or group, is utterly unconcerned with the rights of others, and is willing to use violence and whatever other means are necessary to achieve the goals he or she might have.” The twentieth century was defined by the clash between democracy and Fascism, a struggle that created uncertainty about the survival of human freedom and left millions dead. Given the horrors of that experience, one might expect the world to reject the spiritual successors to Hitler and Mussolini should they arise in our era. Fascism: A Warning is drawn from Madeleine Albright's experiences as a child in war-torn Europe and her distinguished career as a diplomat to question that assumption. Fascism, as she shows, not only endured through the twentieth century but now presents a more virulent threat to peace and justice than at any time since the end of World War II. The momentum toward democracy that swept the world when the Berlin Wall fell has gone into reverse. The United States, which historically championed the free world, is led by a president who exacerbates division and heaps scorn on democratic institutions. In many countries, economic, technological, and cultural factors are weakening the political center and empowering the extremes of right and left. Contemporary leaders such as Vladimir Putin and Kim Jong-un are employing many of the tactics used by Fascists in the 1920s and 30s. Fascism: A Warning is a book for our times that is relevant to all times. Written by someone who not only studied history but helped to shape it, this call to arms teaches us the lessons we must understand and the questions we must answer if we are to save ourselves from repeating the tragic errors of the past.
  the anatomy of fascism: International Fascism Roger Griffin, 1998-02-27 This reader focuses on the definition and ideology of generic fascism, bringing together articles, essays, and political writings by several key figures to lay bare the structural affinity that relates fascism not only to Nazism but to the many failed fascist movements that surfaced in inter-war Europe and elsewhere. In both his introduction and his editorial commentary Griffin locates the driving force behind all fascist movements in a distinctive utopian myth, that of the regenerated national community, destined to rise up from the ashes of a decadent society.
  the anatomy of fascism: The Fascism Reader Aristotle A. Kallis, 2003 The Fascism Reader is a fascinating and wide-ranging introduction to the complex nature, limits, aspects and dynamics of fascism as both ideology and practice. The book draws together classic and recent interpretations to trace the development of generic fascism. Exploring fascism in all its diverse manifestations, this book discusses the classic examples of National Socialism in Germany and Fascism in Italy, as well as a series of less familiar movements and regimes, including the Iron Guard in Romania, the British Union of Fascists, Salazar's dictatorship in Portugal and Franco's regime in Spain. The Fascism Reader explores all the key aspects of fascism including: the essence and limitations of generic fascism the intellectual and ideological dimensions of fascism regimes of fascism as particular models of the exercise of power fascism and society - from anti-Semitism to fascist attitudes to women. A must for all students of European history, sociology and politics.
  the anatomy of fascism: How Fascism Works Jason Stanley, 2018-09-04 “No single book is as relevant to the present moment.”—Claudia Rankine, author of Citizen “One of the defining books of the decade.”—Elizabeth Hinton, author of From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW EDITORS’ CHOICE • With a new preface • Fascist politics are running rampant in America today—and spreading around the world. A Yale philosopher identifies the ten pillars of fascist politics, and charts their horrifying rise and deep history. As the child of refugees of World War II Europe and a renowned philosopher and scholar of propaganda, Jason Stanley has a deep understanding of how democratic societies can be vulnerable to fascism: Nations don’t have to be fascist to suffer from fascist politics. In fact, fascism’s roots have been present in the United States for more than a century. Alarmed by the pervasive rise of fascist tactics both at home and around the globe, Stanley focuses here on the structures that unite them, laying out and analyzing the ten pillars of fascist politics—the language and beliefs that separate people into an “us” and a “them.” He knits together reflections on history, philosophy, sociology, and critical race theory with stories from contemporary Hungary, Poland, India, Myanmar, and the United States, among other nations. He makes clear the immense danger of underestimating the cumulative power of these tactics, which include exploiting a mythic version of a nation’s past; propaganda that twists the language of democratic ideals against themselves; anti-intellectualism directed against universities and experts; law and order politics predicated on the assumption that members of minority groups are criminals; and fierce attacks on labor groups and welfare. These mechanisms all build on one another, creating and reinforcing divisions and shaping a society vulnerable to the appeals of authoritarian leadership. By uncovering disturbing patterns that are as prevalent today as ever, Stanley reveals that the stuff of politics—charged by rhetoric and myth—can quickly become policy and reality. Only by recognizing fascists politics, he argues, may we resist its most harmful effects and return to democratic ideals. “With unsettling insight and disturbing clarity, How Fascism Works is an essential guidebook to our current national dilemma of democracy vs. authoritarianism.”—William Jelani Cobb, author of The Substance of Hope
  the anatomy of fascism: Fascist Interactions David D. Roberts, 2016-05 Although studies of fascism have constituted one of the most fertile areas of historical inquiry in recent decades, more and more scholars have called for a new agenda with more research beyond Italy and Germany, less preoccupation with definition and classification, and more sustained focus on the relationships among different fascist formations before 1945. Starting from a critical assessment of these imperatives, this rigorous volume charts a historiographical path that transcends rigid distinctions while still developing meaningful criteria of differentiation. Even as we take fascism seriously as a political phenomenon, such an approach allows us to better understand its distinctive contradictions and historical variations.
  the anatomy of fascism: Fascism without Borders Arnd Bauerkämper, Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe, 2017-05-01 It is one of the great ironies of the history of fascism that, despite their fascination with ultra-nationalism, its adherents understood themselves as members of a transnational political movement. While a true “Fascist International” has never been established, European fascists shared common goals and sentiments as well as similar worldviews. They also drew on each other for support and motivation, even though relations among them were not free from misunderstandings and conflicts. Through a series of fascinating case studies, this expansive collection examines fascism’s transnational dimension, from the movements inspired by the early example of Fascist Italy to the international antifascist organizations that emerged in subsequent years.
  the anatomy of fascism: This Happened Here Paul Street, 2021-12-28 This book examines the Trump phenomenon and presidency as fascist. Fascism here connotes not generically bad politics or a consolidated political-economic regime (Mussolini’s Italy or Hitler’s Germany) but a set of political, movement, and ideological traits understood within the context of the neoliberal-capitalist era. While Trump’s election defeat is a respite, the nation is far from out of the neofascist woods. Defeating the menace will require political and societal restructuring far beyond what is imagined by Democrats. This argument is developed across seven chapters that recount Trump’s assault on the 2020 election, specifically define the meaning of fascism as it is used in this book, demonstrate the neofascist nature of the Trump presidency, engage intellectual class Trumpism-fascism-denial, analyze the Trump base, root Trumpism in a longstanding and indeed founding American white nationalism, examine why Trump rose to power when he did, and suggest paths for fascism-proofing the USA.
  the anatomy of fascism: The Body of Il Duce Sergio Luzzatto, 2014-10-21 A brilliant young historian follows the odyssey of Mussolini's body in an original exploration of the history and legacy of Italian Fascism Bullet-ridden, spat on, butchered bloody: this was the fate of Il Duce, strung up beside his dead mistress in a Milan square, as reviled in death as he was adored in life. With Italy's defeat in World War II, the cult of Benito Mussolini's physical self was brought to its grotesque denouement by a frenzied, jeering crowd of thousands-one eerily similar to the cheering throngs that had once roared their approval beneath Il Duce's balcony. In this groundbreaking work, Sergio Luzzatto traces the fortunes of the Fascist dictator's body: from his charisma, virility, and magnetic domination of Fascist parades, to his humiliating execution, the ugly display of his remains, and beyond. Buried, exhumed, stolen, and hidden for ten years, Il Duce's corpse was finally laid to rest, a shrine for fanatical followers. Through this pursuit, Luzzatto shows how in a totalitarian state the body of the ruler comes to incarnate the nation. And from the indignities visited on Mussolini's corpse, Luzzatto crafts a subtle social and intellectual history of a country struggling to become a republic and free itself from the thrall of Fascism. Elegantly written and stunningly conceived, alive with never-before-published letters, diaries, and reports, The Body of Il Duce cuts a new and compelling path through twentieth-century history.
  the anatomy of fascism: The Fascist Revolution George L. Mosse, 2022-01-04 Originally published by Howard Fertig, Inc., under the title The Fascist Revolution: Toward a General Theory of Fascism, copyright Ã1999 by George L. Mosse.
  the anatomy of fascism: Be Very Afraid Robert Wuthnow, 2010-04-07 Examines the human response to existential threats--once a matter for theology, but now looming before us in multiple forms. Nuclear weapons, pandemics, global warming: each threatens to destroy the planet, or at least to annihilate our species. Freud, Wuthnow notes, famously taught that the standard psychological response to an overwhelming danger is denial. In fact, Wuthnow argues, the opposite is true: we seek ways of positively meeting the threat, of doing something--anything--even if it's wasteful and time-consuming. It would be one thing if our responses were merely pointless, Wuthnow observes, but they can actually be harmful.--From publisher description.
  the anatomy of fascism: Fascism and Political Theory Daniel Woodley, 2009-09-17 Fascism and Political Theory offers both students and researchers a thematic analysis of fascism, focusing on the structural and ideological links between fascism, capitalism and modernity. Intended as a critical discussion of the origins and development of fascist ideology, each chapter deals with a core substantive issue in political theory relevant to the study of fascism and totalitarianism, beginning with an assessment of the current state of debate. The emphasis on formal ideology in contemporary Anglo-American historiography has increased our awareness of the complexity and eclectic nature of fascist ideologies which challenge liberalism and social democracy. Yet in too many recent works, a programmatic or essentialist reading of fascist ideology as a ‘secular religion’ is taken for granted, while researchers remain preoccupied with the search for an elusive ‘fascist minimum’. In this book Woodley emphasizes that many outstanding questions remain, including the structural and ideological links between fascism and capitalism, the social construction of fascist nationalism, and the origins of fascist violence in European colonialism. This volume consolidates the reader’s theoretical understanding and provides the interdisciplinary skills necessary to understand the concrete social, economic and political conditions which generate and sustain fascism. A timely critique of culturalist and revisionist approaches in fascism studies which provides a concise overview of theoretical debates between liberalism, Marxism and poststructuralism, this text will be of great interest to students of politics, modern history and sociology.
  the anatomy of fascism: American Fascists Chris Hedges, 2008-01-08 From the celebrated author of War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning comes a startling expos of the political ambitions of the Christian Right--a clarion call for everyone who cares about freedom.
  the anatomy of fascism: The Oxford Handbook of European History, 1914-1945 Nicholas Doumanis, 2016 The period spanning the two World Wars was unquestionably the most catastrophic in Europe's history. Despite such undeniably progressive developments as the radical expansion of women's suffrage and rising health standards, the era was dominated by political violence and chronic instability. Its symbols were Verdun, Guernica, and Auschwitz. By the end of this dark period, tens of millions of Europeans had been killed and more still had been displaced and permanently traumatized. If the nineteenth century gave Europeans cause to regard the future with a sense of optimism, the early twentieth century had them anticipating the destruction of civilization. The fact that so many revolutions, regime changes, dictatorships, mass killings, and civil wars took place within such a compressed time frame suggests that Europe experienced a general crisis. The Oxford Handbook of European History, 1914-1945 reconsiders the most significant features of this calamitous age from a transnational perspective. It demonstrates the degree to which national experiences were intertwined with those of other nations, and how each crisis was implicated in wider regional, continental, and global developments. Readers will find innovative and stimulating chapters on various political, social, and economic subjects by some of the leading scholars working on modern European history today.
  the anatomy of fascism: Modernism and Fascism R. Griffin, 2007-05-22 Intellectual debates surrounding modernity, modernism and fascism continue to be active and hotly contested. In this ambitious book, renowned expert on fascism Roger Griffin analyzes Western modernity and the regimes of Mussolini and Hitler and offers a pioneering new interpretation of the links between these apparently contradictory phenomena.
  the anatomy of fascism: To Fight Against This Age: On Fascism and Humanism Rob Riemen, 2018-01-23 We are sleepwalking into catastrophe; Riemen wants to wake us up and he does with passion, wisdom, and eloquence. —Simon Schama An international bestseller, To Fight Against This Age consists of two beautifully written, cogent, and urgent essays about the rise of fascism and the ways in which we can combat it. In “The Eternal Return of Fascism,” Rob Riemen explores the theoretical weakness of fascism, which depends on a politics of resentment, the incitement of anger and fear, xenophobia, the need for scapegoats, and its hatred of the life of the mind. He draws on history and philosophy as well as the essays and novels of Thomas Mann and Albert Camus to explain the global resurgence of fascism, often disguised by its false promises of ushering in freedom and greatness. Riemen’s own response to what he sees as the spiritual crisis of our age is articulated in “The Return of Europa,” a moving story about the meaning of European humanism with its universal values of truth, beauty, justice, and love for life—values that are the origin and basis of a democratic civilization. To Fight Against This Age is as timely as it is timeless, to be read by those who want to understand and change the world in which they live.
  the anatomy of fascism: Europe in the Twentieth Century Paxton, Professor Robert O Paxton, Julie Hessler, 2008-02-01
  the anatomy of fascism: Fascism Paul Gottfried, 2016-02-08 For historians, [Fascism] offers clear and provocative insights and arguments, and the very detailed notes are especially helpful.... Recommended.― Choice What does it mean to label someone a fascist? Today, it is equated with denouncing him or her as a Nazi. But as intellectual historian Paul E. Gottfried writes in this provocative yet even-handed study, the term's meaning has evolved over the years. Gottfried examines the semantic twists and turns the term has endured since the 1930s and traces the word's polemical function within the context of present ideological struggles. Like conservatism, liberalism, and other words whose meanings have changed with time, fascism has been used arbitrarily over the years and now stands for a host of iniquities that progressives, multiculturalists, and libertarians oppose, even if they offer no single, coherent account of the historic evil they condemn. Certain factors have contributed to the term's imprecise usage, Gottfried writes, including the equation of all fascisms with Nazism and Hitler, as well as the rise of a post-Marxist left that expresses predominantly cultural opposition to bourgeois society and its Christian and/or national components. Those who stand in the way of social change are dismissed as fascist, he contends, an epithet that is no longer associated with state corporatism and other features of fascism that were once essential but are now widely ignored. Gottfried outlines the specific historical meaning of the term and argues that it should not be used indiscriminately to describe those who hold unpopular opinions. His important study will appeal to political scientists, intellectual historians, and general readers interested in politics and history.
  the anatomy of fascism: Fascism Roger Eatwell, 2011-02-28 Fascism is one of the most destructive and influential political movements of the twentieth century. Its imagery - of mad dictators and nihilistic violence - haunts our imaginations, and its historical legacy is almost too momentous to be understood. At the same time it is curiously elusive: how do we define fascism? What is the basis of its appeal? Why did it take root so successfully in Germany and Italy, and not in France or Britain? Fascism: A History - a sweeping, enthralling study - tackles theses questions, and considers fascism in the round. It draws together its different strands, in Italy, Germany, France, and Britain, looking at its evolution up and during World War II; and it assesses post-war fascism, and examines its future in a Europe whose boundaries continue to change. Along the way, Fascism provides vivid portraits of Mussolini, Hitler, Oswald Mosley and other key figures within the movement. Lucid, dramatic, challenging, Fascism is a definitive book of its kind.
  the anatomy of fascism: How to Spot a Fascist Umberto Eco, 2020-08-13 We are here to remember what happened and to declare solemnly that 'they' must never do it again. But who are 'they'? HOW TO SPOT A FASCIST is a selection of three thought-provoking essays on freedom and fascism, censorship and tolerance - including Eco's iconic essay 'Ur-Fascism', which lists the fourteen essential characteristics of fascism, and draws on his own personal experiences growing up in the shadow of Mussolini. Umberto Eco remains one of the greatest writers and cultural commentators of the last century. In these pertinent pieces, he warns against prejudice and abuses of power and proves a wise and insightful guide for our times. If we strive to learn from our collective history and come together in challenging times, we can hope for a peaceful and tolerant future. Freedom and liberation are never-ending tasks. Let this be our motto: 'Do not forget.'
  the anatomy of fascism: Vichy France and the Jews Michael Robert Marrus, Robert O. Paxton, 1995 Provides the definitive account of Vichy's own antisemitic policies and practices. It is a major contribution to the history of the Jewish tragedy in wartime Europe answering the haunting question, What part did Vichy France really play in the Nazi effort to murder Jews living in France?
  the anatomy of fascism: Rethinking Antifascism Hugo García, Mercedes Yusta, Xavier Tabet, Cristina Clímaco, 2016-06-01 Bringing together leading scholars from a range of nations, Rethinking Antifascism provides a fascinating exploration of one of the most vibrant sub-disciplines within recent historiography. Through case studies that exemplify the field’s breadth and sophistication, it examines antifascism in two distinct realms: after surveying the movement’s remarkable diversity across nations and political cultures up to 1945, the volume assesses its postwar political and ideological salience, from its incorporation into Soviet state doctrine to its radical questioning by historians and politicians. Avoiding both heroic narratives and reflexive revisionism, these contributions offer nuanced perspectives on a movement that helped to shape the postwar world.
  the anatomy of fascism: French Peasant Fascism Robert O. Paxton, 1997 In 1920s France the far-right peasantry wanted an authoritarian and agrarian society. This study examines their singular lack of success and the enduring French perception of themselves as a peasant nation.
  the anatomy of fascism: Hebrew Fascism in Palestine, 1922–1942 Dan Tamir, 2018-04-18 This book focuses on a little-studied yet virulent and devoted fascist faction that was active within Zionist circles during the 1920s and 1930s. Since the early 1930s, the term 'fascist' was regularly used by Labour Zionists in order to defame their right-wing opponents, the 'Revisionists'. The latter group, for its part, tended to reject such accusations. Up to this point, however, little comprehensive research has been carried out for examining the possible existence of a genuine Hebrew fascism in Palestine according to a global comparative model of generic fascism. This book is an attempt to do so, examining the first wave of fascism in Palestine, during the inter-war period. The current discussion in Israel about rising fascist movements and organisations gained momentum during the past decade. Telling the story of a yet relatively neglected part of the roots of the Israeli right wing may not only shed light on the past, but also provide us with a historical perspective when measuring contemporary political movements and events.
  the anatomy of fascism: First Democracy Paul Woodruff, 2006-03-16 This brilliant analysis of the nature of democracy draws on the hard-earned lessons of the ancient Greeks.
  the anatomy of fascism: Fascist Voices Christopher Duggan, 2013-06-01 Today Mussolini is remembered as a hated dictator who, along with Hitler and Stalin, ushered in an era of totalitarian repression unsurpassed in human history. But how was he viewed by ordinary Italians during his lifetime? In Fascist Voices, Christopher Duggan draws on thousands of letters sent to Mussolini, as well as private diaries and other primary documents, to show how Italian citizens lived and experienced the fascist regime under Mussolini from 1922-1943. Throughout the 1930s, Mussolini received about 1,500 letters a day from Italian men and women of all social classes writing words of congratulation, commiseration, thanks, encouragement, or entreaty on a wide variety of occasions: his birthday and saint's day, after he had delivered an important speech, on a major fascist anniversary, when a husband or son had been killed in action. While Duggan looks at some famous diaries-by such figures as the anti-fascist constitutional lawyer Piero Calamandrei; the philosopher Benedetto Croce; and the fascist minister Giuseppe Bottai-the majority of the voices here come from unpublished journals, diaries, and transcripts. Utilizing a rich collection of untapped archival material, Duggan explores the cult of Il Duce, the religious dimensions of totalitarianism, and the extraordinarily intimate character of the relationship between Mussolini and millions of Italians. Duggan shows that the figure of Mussolini was crucial to emotional and political engagement with the regime; although there was widespread discontent throughout Italy, little of the criticism was directed at Il Duce himself. Duggan argues that much of the regime's appeal lay in its capacity to appropriate the language, values, and iconography of Roman Catholicism, and that this emphasis on blind faith and emotion over reason is what made Mussolini's Italy simultaneously so powerful and so insidious. Offering a unique perspective on the period, Fascist Voices captures the responses of private citizens living under fascism and unravels the remarkable mixture of illusions, hopes, and fears that led so many to support the regime for so long.
Anatomy of Fascism - PDFDrive - Archive.org
discussion of fascism in general, and to present fascism in a way that takes into account its variations and complexity. It …

Parades and Politics at Vichy Vichy France and the Jews (with Michael …
spends more time than usual on the allies and accomplices of fascism, and on the ways fascist regimes interacted with the larger …

THE ANATOMY OF FASCISM - University of Utah
In chapter 2, I traced the early boundary of fascism easily enough at the moment when mass democracy was entering into full …

The Anatomy Of Fascism - legacy.economyleague.org
In this article, we will explore some of the best platforms to download free PDFs. One of the most popular platforms to download …

The Anatomy Of Fascism - Piedmont University
The Anatomy of Fascism Robert O. Paxton,2007-12-18 What is fascism? By focusing on the concrete: what the fascists …

The Anatomy Of Fascism [PDF] - admissions.piedmont.edu
The Anatomy of Fascism Paxton makes the convincing and radical case that existing definitions of the popular nationalist and …

The Anatomy Of Fascism - Piedmont University
fascism following World War I, including fascist regimes in Italy and Germany, and the fortunes of 'failed' fascist movements in …

THE ANATOMY OF FASCISM
ascism Still Possible? Western Europe since 1945 Post-Soviet Eastern Europe.

What is Fascism? - OER Project
What is Fascism? This video examines fascism’s defining characteristics. Fascism rose most prominently in Italy and Germany between the two world wars. Benito ... Historian Robert O. …

The Anatomy Of Fascism - nagios.bgc.bard.edu
The Anatomy Of Fascism H. G. Wells The Anatomy of Fascism Robert O. Paxton,2007-12-18 What is fascism? By focusing on the concrete: what the fascists did, rather than what they …

FASCISM - Sites@Duke
9. Fascism and Catholicism J. F. POLLARD 10. Propaganda and Youth PATRIZIA DOGLIANI 11. Women in Mussolini's Italy, 1922—1945 PERRY WILLSON 12. Crime and Repression …

The Anatomy Of Fascism (book) - netsec.csuci.edu
The Anatomy Of Fascism The Anatomy of Fascism: Understanding the Roots of Authoritarianism Fascist regimes have left an indelible mark on history, characterized by their brutal …

The Anatomy Of Fascism (book) - admissions.piedmont.edu
The Anatomy of Fascism Robert O. Paxton,2011-12-01 Fascism was the major political invention of the twentieth century and the source of much of its pain How can we try to comprehend its …

How Not to Think about Fascism and Ideology, Intellectual
Stephen Holmes, The Anatomy of Antiliberalism (Cambridge, MA 1993), 154. 5 Sternhell, Birth of Fascist Ideology, op. cit., 4-5. ... fascism did indeed have a coherent ideology, as coherent as …

Robert O Paxton Anatomy Of Fascism
Robert O Paxton Anatomy Of Fascism Paxton,Professor Robert O Paxton,Julie Hessler Robert O. Paxton's Anatomy of Fascism: A Comprehensive Analysis Author: Robert O. Paxton (1932 …

The Anatomy Of Fascism [PDF] - admissions.piedmont.edu
The Anatomy Of Fascism: The Anatomy of Fascism Robert O. Paxton,2007-12-18 What is fascism By focusing on the concrete what the fascists did rather than what they said the …

The Anatomy Of Fascism
The Anatomy of Fascism Robert O. Paxton,2007-12-18 What is fascism By focusing on the concrete what the fascists did rather than what they said the esteemed historian Robert O …

3D[WRQ 5 REHUW2 The Anatomy of Fascism 1 HZ
Book Reviews | 117 REFERENCE 3D[WRQ 5 REHUW2 The Anatomy of Fascism 1 HZ
Anatomy Of Fascism Full PDF - oldshop.whitney.org
The Anatomy of Fascism: Understanding a Dangerous Ideology Introduction: Have you ever wondered what fuels extremist movements? What are the common threads that bind …

Robert O. Paxton-The Anatomy of Fascism -Knopf (2004)
Title: Robert O. Paxton-The Anatomy of Fascism -Knopf (2004).pdf Author: n01014213 Created Date: 4/14/2023 2:10:58 AM

Robert O Paxton Anatomy Of Fascism Dan Tamir [PDF] …
Robert O Paxton Anatomy Of Fascism Dan Tamir Robert O. Paxton's Anatomy of Fascism: A Comprehensive Analysis Author: Robert O. Paxton (1932-2021) was a renowned American …

The Anatomy Of Antiliberalism (book) - legacy.economyleague.org
and more tenable interpretation of liberal rationality The Anatomy of Fascism Robert O. Paxton,2007-12-18 What is fascism By focusing on the concrete what the fascists did rather …

Robert O Paxton Anatomy Of Fascism Federico Finchelstein (PDF) …
Robert O Paxton Anatomy Of Fascism Federico Finchelstein Robert O. Paxton's Anatomy of Fascism: A Comprehensive Analysis Author: Robert O. Paxton (1932-2021) was a renowned …

Robert O Paxton Anatomy Of Fascism - eidunwrapped.org.uk
Robert O Paxton Anatomy Of Fascism Zeev Sternhell,Mario Sznajder,Maia Ashéri Robert O. Paxton's Anatomy of Fascism: A Comprehensive Analysis Author: Robert O. Paxton (1932 …

Fascism in Italy - OER Project
Fascism in Italy By David Eacker Fascist Italy was the first state of its kind in Europe between the wars. Under Mussolini, the Fascists aspired to a totalitarian, authoritarian ... Paxton, Robert O. …

The Anatomy Of Fascism [PDF] - admissions.piedmont.edu
The Anatomy of Fascism Robert O. Paxton,2007-12-18 What is fascism By focusing on the concrete what the fascists did rather than what they said the esteemed historian Robert O …

Robert O Paxton Anatomy Of Fascism - eidunwrapped.org.uk
Robert O Paxton Anatomy Of Fascism Paxton,Professor Robert O Paxton,Julie Hessler Robert O. Paxton's Anatomy of Fascism: A Comprehensive Analysis Author: Robert O. Paxton (1932 …

Prototypical Fascism in Contemporary Dutch Politics - gscdn.nl
2.1 Rob Riemen’s Fascism 16 2.2 The Anatomy of Fascism 18 2.3 Stage One: The Creation of Fascist Movements 19 2.4 Stage Two: Fascist Movements Taking Root 23 2.5 Stage Three: …

Holes Human Anatomy And Physiology Lab Manual Copy
Holes Human Anatomy And Physiology Lab Manual ... surveys the important issues and topics of the period including the origins and rise of fascism Mussolini as prime minister and dictator the …

Fascism in Germany - OER Project
The Anatomy of Fascism. New York: Vintage Books, 2005. Roseman, Mark. The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution: A Reconsideration. New York: Picador, 2002. David …

Fascism and Nazism: The Similarities and Differences Examined
9 R. Paxton, The Anatomy of Fascism, (Penguin London, 2004), p. 87 . Available online at: www.ijassh.com Richard Adewale Elewomawu| Jan 2018| Vol.6 | Issue 01 |01-07 3 …

The Anatomy Of Fascism Copy - admissions.piedmont.edu
fascism is still possible in today s world Offering a bold new interpretation of the fascist phenomenon this groundbreaking book will overturn our understanding of twentieth century …

Robert O Paxton Anatomy Of Fascism C Cleary .pdf …
Robert O Paxton Anatomy Of Fascism C Cleary Robert O. Paxton's Anatomy of Fascism: A Comprehensive Analysis Author: Robert O. Paxton (1932-2021) was a renowned American …

Robert O Paxton Anatomy Of Fascism - eidunwrapped.org.uk
Robert O Paxton Anatomy Of Fascism JR Anderson Robert O. Paxton's Anatomy of Fascism: A Comprehensive Analysis Author: Robert O. Paxton (1932-2021) was a renowned American …

The Anatomy Of Fascism (book) - admissions.piedmont.edu
on a lifetime of research this compelling and important book transforms our knowledge of fascism the major political innovation of the twentieth century and the source of much of its pain The …

A Visual Analogy Guide To Human Anatomy Paul A Krieger (PDF)
A Visual Analogy Guide To Human Anatomy Paul A Krieger: ... Robert O. Paxton,2011-12-01 Fascism was the major political invention of the twentieth century and the source of much of its …

The Dark Arts of Politics: Aesthetics and Engineering in Nazism and Fascism
and Robert Paxton's fine The Anatomy of Fascism, argue the case for treating fascism and Nazism together.' A mark of all of these books is their willing-ness to give serious attention to …

The Rise of Fascism and What It Stands For - JSTOR
THE RISE OF FASCISM AND WHAT IT STANDS FOR BY VIRGINIA M. CRAWFORD FASCISM. By Odon Por. Translated by E. Townshend. (Labour Publishing Co. 1923. 7/6). MUSSOLINI. …

The Anatomy Of Fascism - newredlist-es-data1.iucnredlist.org
The Anatomy Of Fascism Christian Drosten The Anatomy of Fascism: A Definitive Guide Fascism, a political ideology marked by authoritarian ultranationalism, has repeatedly emerged …

Autarky/Autarchy: Genetics, Food Production, and the Building …
2008); Robert O. Paxton, The Anatomy of Fascism (London and New York: Penguin Books, 2004). 3. Mann, Fascists (ref. 2), 1. Mann also adds environmentalism as the other twentieth …