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| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Learning Python Mark Lutz, 2007-10-22 Portable, powerful, and a breeze to use, Python is ideal for both standalone programs and scripting applications. With this hands-on book, you can master the fundamentals of the core Python language quickly and efficiently, whether you're new to programming or just new to Python. Once you finish, you will know enough about the language to use it in any application domain you choose. Learning Python is based on material from author Mark Lutz's popular training courses, which he's taught over the past decade. Each chapter is a self-contained lesson that helps you thoroughly understand a key component of Python before you continue. Along with plenty of annotated examples, illustrations, and chapter summaries, every chapter also contains Brain Builder, a unique section with practical exercises and review quizzes that let you practice new skills and test your understanding as you go. This book covers: Types and Operations -- Python's major built-in object types in depth: numbers, lists, dictionaries, and more Statements and Syntax -- the code you type to create and process objects in Python, along with Python's general syntax model Functions -- Python's basic procedural tool for structuring and reusing code Modules -- packages of statements, functions, and other tools organized into larger components Classes and OOP -- Python's optional object-oriented programming tool for structuring code for customization and reuse Exceptions and Tools -- exception handling model and statements, plus a look at development tools for writing larger programs Learning Python gives you a deep and complete understanding of the language that will help you comprehend any application-level examples of Python that you later encounter. If you're ready to discover what Google and YouTube see in Python, this book is the best way to get started. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Cracking the Coding Interview Gayle Laakmann McDowell, 2011 Now in the 5th edition, Cracking the Coding Interview gives you the interview preparation you need to get the top software developer jobs. This book provides: 150 Programming Interview Questions and Solutions: From binary trees to binary search, this list of 150 questions includes the most common and most useful questions in data structures, algorithms, and knowledge based questions. 5 Algorithm Approaches: Stop being blind-sided by tough algorithm questions, and learn these five approaches to tackle the trickiest problems. Behind the Scenes of the interview processes at Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Facebook, Yahoo, and Apple: Learn what really goes on during your interview day and how decisions get made. Ten Mistakes Candidates Make -- And How to Avoid Them: Don't lose your dream job by making these common mistakes. Learn what many candidates do wrong, and how to avoid these issues. Steps to Prepare for Behavioral and Technical Questions: Stop meandering through an endless set of questions, while missing some of the most important preparation techniques. Follow these steps to more thoroughly prepare in less time. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Optimized C++ Kurt Guntheroth, 2016-04-27 In today’s fast and competitive world, a program’s performance is just as important to customers as the features it provides. This practical guide teaches developers performance-tuning principles that enable optimization in C++. You’ll learn how to make code that already embodies best practices of C++ design run faster and consume fewer resources on any computer—whether it’s a watch, phone, workstation, supercomputer, or globe-spanning network of servers. Author Kurt Guntheroth provides several running examples that demonstrate how to apply these principles incrementally to improve existing code so it meets customer requirements for responsiveness and throughput. The advice in this book will prove itself the first time you hear a colleague exclaim, “Wow, that was fast. Who fixed something?” Locate performance hot spots using the profiler and software timers Learn to perform repeatable experiments to measure performance of code changes Optimize use of dynamically allocated variables Improve performance of hot loops and functions Speed up string handling functions Recognize efficient algorithms and optimization patterns Learn the strengths—and weaknesses—of C++ container classes View searching and sorting through an optimizer’s eye Make efficient use of C++ streaming I/O functions Use C++ thread-based concurrency features effectively |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Guide to Competitive Programming Antti Laaksonen, 2018-01-02 This invaluable textbook presents a comprehensive introduction to modern competitive programming. The text highlights how competitive programming has proven to be an excellent way to learn algorithms, by encouraging the design of algorithms that actually work, stimulating the improvement of programming and debugging skills, and reinforcing the type of thinking required to solve problems in a competitive setting. The book contains many “folklore” algorithm design tricks that are known by experienced competitive programmers, yet which have previously only been formally discussed in online forums and blog posts. Topics and features: reviews the features of the C++ programming language, and describes how to create efficient algorithms that can quickly process large data sets; discusses sorting algorithms and binary search, and examines a selection of data structures of the C++ standard library; introduces the algorithm design technique of dynamic programming, and investigates elementary graph algorithms; covers such advanced algorithm design topics as bit-parallelism and amortized analysis, and presents a focus on efficiently processing array range queries; surveys specialized algorithms for trees, and discusses the mathematical topics that are relevant in competitive programming; examines advanced graph techniques, geometric algorithms, and string techniques; describes a selection of more advanced topics, including square root algorithms and dynamic programming optimization. This easy-to-follow guide is an ideal reference for all students wishing to learn algorithms, and practice for programming contests. Knowledge of the basics of programming is assumed, but previous background in algorithm design or programming contests is not necessary. Due to the broad range of topics covered at various levels of difficulty, this book is suitable for both beginners and more experienced readers. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Python Projects for Beginners Connor P. Milliken, 2019-11-15 Immerse yourself in learning Python and introductory data analytics with this book’s project-based approach. Through the structure of a ten-week coding bootcamp course, you’ll learn key concepts and gain hands-on experience through weekly projects. Each chapter in this book is presented as a full week of topics, with Monday through Thursday covering specific concepts, leading up to Friday, when you are challenged to create a project using the skills learned throughout the week. Topics include Python basics and essential intermediate concepts such as list comprehension, generators and iterators, understanding algorithmic complexity, and data analysis with pandas. From beginning to end, this book builds up your abilities through exercises and challenges, culminating in your solid understanding of Python. Challenge yourself with the intensity of a coding bootcamp experience or learn at your own pace. With this hands-on learning approach, you will gain the skills you need to jumpstart a new career in programming or further your current one as a software developer. What You Will Learn Understand beginning and more advanced concepts of the Python languageBe introduced to data analysis using pandas, the Python Data Analysis libraryWalk through the process of interviewing and answering technical questionsCreate real-world applications with the Python languageLearn how to use Anaconda, Jupyter Notebooks, and the Python Shell Who This Book Is For Those trying to jumpstart a new career into programming, and those already in the software development industry and would like to learn Python programming. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Think Data Structures Allen B. Downey, 2017-07-07 If you’re a student studying computer science or a software developer preparing for technical interviews, this practical book will help you learn and review some of the most important ideas in software engineering—data structures and algorithms—in a way that’s clearer, more concise, and more engaging than other materials. By emphasizing practical knowledge and skills over theory, author Allen Downey shows you how to use data structures to implement efficient algorithms, and then analyze and measure their performance. You’ll explore the important classes in the Java collections framework (JCF), how they’re implemented, and how they’re expected to perform. Each chapter presents hands-on exercises supported by test code online. Use data structures such as lists and maps, and understand how they work Build an application that reads Wikipedia pages, parses the contents, and navigates the resulting data tree Analyze code to predict how fast it will run and how much memory it will require Write classes that implement the Map interface, using a hash table and binary search tree Build a simple web search engine with a crawler, an indexer that stores web page contents, and a retriever that returns user query results Other books by Allen Downey include Think Java, Think Python, Think Stats, and Think Bayes. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Python For Dummies Stef Maruch, Aahz Maruch, 2011-05-09 Python is one of the most powerful, easy-to-read programming languages around, but it does have its limitations. This general purpose, high-level language that can be extended and embedded is a smart option for many programming problems, but a poor solution to others. Python For Dummies is the quick-and-easy guide to getting the most out of this robust program. This hands-on book will show you everything you need to know about building programs, debugging code, and simplifying development, as well as defining what actions it can perform. You’ll wrap yourself around all of its advanced features and become an expert Python user in no time. This guide gives you the tools you need to: Master basic elements and syntax Document, design, and debug programs Work with strings like a pro Direct a program with control structures Integrate integers, complex numbers, and modules Build lists, stacks, and queues Create an organized dictionary Handle functions, data, and namespace Construct applications with modules and packages Call, create, extend, and override classes Access the Internet to enhance your library Understand the new features of Python 2.5 Packed with critical idioms and great resources to maximize your productivity, Python For Dummies is the ultimate one-stop information guide. In a matter of minutes you’ll be familiar with Python’s building blocks, strings, dictionaries, and sets; and be on your way to writing the program that you’ve dreamed about! |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: The Algorithm Design Manual Steven S Skiena, 2009-04-05 This newly expanded and updated second edition of the best-selling classic continues to take the mystery out of designing algorithms, and analyzing their efficacy and efficiency. Expanding on the first edition, the book now serves as the primary textbook of choice for algorithm design courses while maintaining its status as the premier practical reference guide to algorithms for programmers, researchers, and students. The reader-friendly Algorithm Design Manual provides straightforward access to combinatorial algorithms technology, stressing design over analysis. The first part, Techniques, provides accessible instruction on methods for designing and analyzing computer algorithms. The second part, Resources, is intended for browsing and reference, and comprises the catalog of algorithmic resources, implementations and an extensive bibliography. NEW to the second edition: • Doubles the tutorial material and exercises over the first edition • Provides full online support for lecturers, and a completely updated and improved website component with lecture slides, audio and video • Contains a unique catalog identifying the 75 algorithmic problems that arise most often in practice, leading the reader down the right path to solve them • Includes several NEW war stories relating experiences from real-world applications • Provides up-to-date links leading to the very best algorithm implementations available in C, C++, and Java |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Learn Python 3 the Hard Way Zed A. Shaw, 2017-06-26 You Will Learn Python 3! Zed Shaw has perfected the world’s best system for learning Python 3. Follow it and you will succeed—just like the millions of beginners Zed has taught to date! You bring the discipline, commitment, and persistence; the author supplies everything else. In Learn Python 3 the Hard Way, you’ll learn Python by working through 52 brilliantly crafted exercises. Read them. Type their code precisely. (No copying and pasting!) Fix your mistakes. Watch the programs run. As you do, you’ll learn how a computer works; what good programs look like; and how to read, write, and think about code. Zed then teaches you even more in 5+ hours of video where he shows you how to break, fix, and debug your code—live, as he’s doing the exercises. Install a complete Python environment Organize and write code Fix and break code Basic mathematics Variables Strings and text Interact with users Work with files Looping and logic Data structures using lists and dictionaries Program design Object-oriented programming Inheritance and composition Modules, classes, and objects Python packaging Automated testing Basic game development Basic web development It’ll be hard at first. But soon, you’ll just get it—and that will feel great! This course will reward you for every minute you put into it. Soon, you’ll know one of the world’s most powerful, popular programming languages. You’ll be a Python programmer. This Book Is Perfect For Total beginners with zero programming experience Junior developers who know one or two languages Returning professionals who haven’t written code in years Seasoned professionals looking for a fast, simple, crash course in Python 3 |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: HTML5 Hacks Jesse Cravens, Jeff Burtoft, 2012-11-15 With 90 detailed hacks, expert web developers Jesse Cravens and Jeff Burtoft demonstrate intriguing uses of HTML5-related technologies. Each recipe provides a clear explanation, screenshots, and complete code examples for specifications that include Canvas, SVG, CSS3, multimedia, data storage, web workers, WebSockets, and geolocation. You’ll also find hacks for HTML5 markup elements and attributes that will give you a solid foundation for creative recipes that follow. The last chapter walks you through everything you need to know to get your HTML5 app off the ground, from Node.js to deploying your server to the cloud. Here are just a few of the hacks you’ll find in this book: Make iOS-style card flips with CSS transforms and transitions Replace the background of your video with the Canvas tag Use Canvas to create high-res Retina Display-ready media Make elements on your page user-customizable with editable content Cache media resources locally with the filesystem API Reverse-geocode the location of your web app user Process image data with pixel manipulation in a dedicated web worker Push notifications to the browser with Server-Sent Events |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: R for Data Science Hadley Wickham, Garrett Grolemund, 2016-12-12 Learn how to use R to turn raw data into insight, knowledge, and understanding. This book introduces you to R, RStudio, and the tidyverse, a collection of R packages designed to work together to make data science fast, fluent, and fun. Suitable for readers with no previous programming experience, R for Data Science is designed to get you doing data science as quickly as possible. Authors Hadley Wickham and Garrett Grolemund guide you through the steps of importing, wrangling, exploring, and modeling your data and communicating the results. You'll get a complete, big-picture understanding of the data science cycle, along with basic tools you need to manage the details. Each section of the book is paired with exercises to help you practice what you've learned along the way. You'll learn how to: Wrangle—transform your datasets into a form convenient for analysis Program—learn powerful R tools for solving data problems with greater clarity and ease Explore—examine your data, generate hypotheses, and quickly test them Model—provide a low-dimensional summary that captures true signals in your dataset Communicate—learn R Markdown for integrating prose, code, and results |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Pandas Cookbook Theodore Petrou, 2017-10-23 Over 95 hands-on recipes to leverage the power of pandas for efficient scientific computation and data analysis About This Book Use the power of pandas to solve most complex scientific computing problems with ease Leverage fast, robust data structures in pandas to gain useful insights from your data Practical, easy to implement recipes for quick solutions to common problems in data using pandas Who This Book Is For This book is for data scientists, analysts and Python developers who wish to explore data analysis and scientific computing in a practical, hands-on manner. The recipes included in this book are suitable for both novice and advanced users, and contain helpful tips, tricks and caveats wherever necessary. Some understanding of pandas will be helpful, but not mandatory. What You Will Learn Master the fundamentals of pandas to quickly begin exploring any dataset Isolate any subset of data by properly selecting and querying the data Split data into independent groups before applying aggregations and transformations to each group Restructure data into tidy form to make data analysis and visualization easier Prepare real-world messy datasets for machine learning Combine and merge data from different sources through pandas SQL-like operations Utilize pandas unparalleled time series functionality Create beautiful and insightful visualizations through pandas direct hooks to Matplotlib and Seaborn In Detail This book will provide you with unique, idiomatic, and fun recipes for both fundamental and advanced data manipulation tasks with pandas. Some recipes focus on achieving a deeper understanding of basic principles, or comparing and contrasting two similar operations. Other recipes will dive deep into a particular dataset, uncovering new and unexpected insights along the way. The pandas library is massive, and it's common for frequent users to be unaware of many of its more impressive features. The official pandas documentation, while thorough, does not contain many useful examples of how to piece together multiple commands like one would do during an actual analysis. This book guides you, as if you were looking over the shoulder of an expert, through practical situations that you are highly likely to encounter. Many advanced recipes combine several different features across the pandas library to generate results. Style and approach The author relies on his vast experience teaching pandas in a professional setting to deliver very detailed explanations for each line of code in all of the recipes. All code and dataset explanations exist in Jupyter Notebooks, an excellent interface for exploring data. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: How to Get a Job in Web Development RealToughCandy, 2018-07-31 How to Get a Job in Web Development is designed for junior web developers. Whether you’re coming from a coding bootcamp, are completely self-taught, or graduated from college with a tech-related degree, this book is for you. Written by RealToughCandy. In this book, you will learn how to: • Expertly craft the ‘holy clover’ of application materials: your resume, cover letter, GitHub page, and portfolio. • Leverage the power of LinkedIn, Meetups, and social media. • Handle follow-up emails and phone calls. • Prepare for the multiple types of interviews you will encounter, whether via phone, video conference, or in person. • Strategically apply to jobs so you can maximize your salary demands during negotiation. • Efficiently organize and prioritize the jobs you’ve applied to. • Craft results-driven email check-ins with your potential employer. • Reduce your vulnerabilities for discrimination. • And much, much more! No awkward whiteboard interviews. No hour-long explanation of Big O notation. Just practical, actionable steps that will put you far ahead of the pack when it comes to getting a job in web development. Now let's go get that job! Just finished reading your book and all I can say is WOW! Mind you since May of 2016 I have taken about 6 online courses specifically looking for employment and around three of them were specifically for either how to get an IT or Web Developer job. These courses cannot hold a candle to the majority of the information you put in this book! -George M., Web Developer WHY I WROTE THIS BOOK: When I started my web development journey, I was a lost hiker in the digital woods. I knew I wanted to build web apps, but didn’t know what those people called themselves. Were they website builders? Programmers? The term ‘software engineer’ floated around a lot online – was that my aspiration? Since I didn’t know exactly what I was looking for, I spent a lot of time reading and watching materials that were nothing but discouraging: mock Google coding interviews with whiteboards and markers. Lots of articles and videos that name-dropped things like binary trees, Big O notation, and time complexity. Forum post upon forum post that gave away actual coding interview questions from the biggest tech companies in the world like Facebook, Google, and Microsoft. Making things worse, some web developers I had discovered on YouTube were talking about a really good, popular book for coding interviews. I checked it out and once again my stomach sank. “I’m never going to make it in this field,” I said to myself. “I’ve been studying and practicing and building projects for months, and I still have no idea what these people are talking about.” What they didn’t tell me was that the book is geared towards senior software engineers trying to get a job with Amazon and Google. I wanted to quit my coding journey. In fact, I did quit. The difference was, I didn’t stay quit. Something told me to keep pushing forward, keep building projects to put in my portfolio and Github, keep reaching out and trying to find clients who needed websites. I kept pushing until I got a job as a fullstack web developer at a data company. As it turns out, the internet isn’t very generous to our career field. Beginners are especially marginalized. There aren’t any quality one-stop resources for discovering one of the most important questions – if not the most important question – web developers have. “How do I get a job in this field?” I wanted to change the junior web developer tech landscape with this book. My goal is for every junior developer who reads this to find a job. And if you take the recommended actions in this book, you can do it. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Learn to Program Chris Pine, 2021-06-17 It's easier to learn how to program a computer than it has ever been before. Now everyone can learn to write programs for themselves - no previous experience is necessary. Chris Pine takes a thorough, but lighthearted approach that teaches you the fundamentals of computer programming, with a minimum of fuss or bother. Whether you are interested in a new hobby or a new career, this book is your doorway into the world of programming. Computers are everywhere, and being able to program them is more important than it has ever been. But since most books on programming are written for other programmers, it can be hard to break in. At least it used to be. Chris Pine will teach you how to program. You'll learn to use your computer better, to get it to do what you want it to do. Starting with small, simple one-line programs to calculate your age in seconds, you'll see how to write interactive programs, to use APIs to fetch live data from the internet, to rename your photos from your digital camera, and more. You'll learn the same technology used to drive modern dynamic websites and large, professional applications. Whether you are looking for a fun new hobby or are interested in entering the tech world as a professional, this book gives you a solid foundation in programming. Chris teaches the basics, but also shows you how to think like a programmer. You'll learn through tons of examples, and through programming challenges throughout the book. When you finish, you'll know how and where to learn more - you'll be on your way. What You Need: All you need to learn how to program is a computer (Windows, macOS, or Linux) and an internet connection. Chris Pine will lead you through setting set up with the software you will need to start writing programs of your own. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Letters to a New Developer Dan Moore, 2020-08-07 Learn what you need to succeed as a developer beyond the code. The lessons in this book will supercharge your career by sharing lessons and mistakes from real developers. Wouldn’t it be nice to learn from others’ career mistakes? “Soft” skills are crucial to success, but are haphazardly picked up on the job or, worse, never learned. Understanding these competencies and how to improve them will make you a more effective team member and a more attractive hire. This book will teach you the key skills you need, including how to ask questions, how and when to use common tools, and how to interact with other team members. Each will be presented in context and from multiple perspectives so you’ll be able to integrate them and apply them to your own career quickly. What You'll Learn Know when the best code is no code Understand what to do in the first month of your job See the surprising number of developers who can’t program Avoid the pitfalls of working alone Who This Book Is For Anyone who is curious about software development as a career choice. You have zero to five years of software development experience and want to learn non-technical skills that can help your career. It is also suitable for teachers and mentors who want to provide guidance to their students and/or mentees. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: A Primer on Scientific Programming with Python Hans Petter Langtangen, 2016-07-28 The book serves as a first introduction to computer programming of scientific applications, using the high-level Python language. The exposition is example and problem-oriented, where the applications are taken from mathematics, numerical calculus, statistics, physics, biology and finance. The book teaches Matlab-style and procedural programming as well as object-oriented programming. High school mathematics is a required background and it is advantageous to study classical and numerical one-variable calculus in parallel with reading this book. Besides learning how to program computers, the reader will also learn how to solve mathematical problems, arising in various branches of science and engineering, with the aid of numerical methods and programming. By blending programming, mathematics and scientific applications, the book lays a solid foundation for practicing computational science. From the reviews: Langtangen ... does an excellent job of introducing programming as a set of skills in problem solving. He guides the reader into thinking properly about producing program logic and data structures for modeling real-world problems using objects and functions and embracing the object-oriented paradigm. ... Summing Up: Highly recommended. F. H. Wild III, Choice, Vol. 47 (8), April 2010 Those of us who have learned scientific programming in Python ‘on the streets’ could be a little jealous of students who have the opportunity to take a course out of Langtangen’s Primer.” John D. Cook, The Mathematical Association of America, September 2011 This book goes through Python in particular, and programming in general, via tasks that scientists will likely perform. It contains valuable information for students new to scientific computing and would be the perfect bridge between an introduction to programming and an advanced course on numerical methods or computational science. Alex Small, IEEE, CiSE Vol. 14 (2), March /April 2012 “This fourth edition is a wonderful, inclusive textbook that covers pretty much everything one needs to know to go from zero to fairly sophisticated scientific programming in Python...” Joan Horvath, Computing Reviews, March 2015 |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: C++ Crash Course Josh Lospinoso, 2019-09-24 A fast-paced, thorough introduction to modern C++ written for experienced programmers. After reading C++ Crash Course, you'll be proficient in the core language concepts, the C++ Standard Library, and the Boost Libraries. C++ is one of the most widely used languages for real-world software. In the hands of a knowledgeable programmer, C++ can produce small, efficient, and readable code that any programmer would be proud of. Designed for intermediate to advanced programmers, C++ Crash Course cuts through the weeds to get you straight to the core of C++17, the most modern revision of the ISO standard. Part 1 covers the core of the C++ language, where you'll learn about everything from types and functions, to the object life cycle and expressions. Part 2 introduces you to the C++ Standard Library and Boost Libraries, where you'll learn about all of the high-quality, fully-featured facilities available to you. You'll cover special utility classes, data structures, and algorithms, and learn how to manipulate file systems and build high-performance programs that communicate over networks. You'll learn all the major features of modern C++, including: Fundamental types, reference types, and user-defined types The object lifecycle including storage duration, memory management, exceptions, call stacks, and the RAII paradigm Compile-time polymorphism with templates and run-time polymorphism with virtual classes Advanced expressions, statements, and functions Smart pointers, data structures, dates and times, numerics, and probability/statistics facilities Containers, iterators, strings, and algorithms Streams and files, concurrency, networking, and application development With well over 500 code samples and nearly 100 exercises, C++ Crash Course is sure to help you build a strong C++ foundation. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: A Smarter Way to Learn Python Mark Myers, 2017-08-09 I designed a learning system for myself that quadrupled my aptitude for learning computer languages. It worked so well for me that I've used it to teach coding to grandmothers, cab drivers, musicians, and 50,000 other newbies. Washington University research shows that a key teaching method I use--interactive recall practice--improves learning performance 400 percent. Computer languages are not inherently hard to understand, even for non-techies. Remembering is the problem. Research shows that you will remember everything if you're repeatedly asked to recall it. That's the beauty of flash cards. But technology offers an even better way to make information stick. With my book you get almost a thousand interactive exercises--they're free online--that embed the whole book in your memory. Algorithms check your work to make sure you know what you think you know. When you stumble, you do the exercise again. You keep trying until you know the chapter cold. The exercises keep you engaged, give you extra practice where you're shaky, and prepare you for each next step. Every lesson is built on top of a solid foundation that you and I have carefully constructed. Each individual step is small. But all the little steps add up to real knowledge--knowledge that you retain. You don't need to be a computer genius to learn Python. You just need to be smart about how you learn it.--Amazon.com description. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Code Charles Petzold, 2022-08-02 The classic guide to how computers work, updated with new chapters and interactive graphics For me, Code was a revelation. It was the first book about programming that spoke to me. It started with a story, and it built up, layer by layer, analogy by analogy, until I understood not just the Code, but the System. Code is a book that is as much about Systems Thinking and abstractions as it is about code and programming. Code teaches us how many unseen layers there are between the computer systems that we as users look at every day and the magical silicon rocks that we infused with lightning and taught to think. - Scott Hanselman, Partner Program Director, Microsoft, and host of Hanselminutes Computers are everywhere, most obviously in our laptops and smartphones, but also our cars, televisions, microwave ovens, alarm clocks, robot vacuum cleaners, and other smart appliances. Have you ever wondered what goes on inside these devices to make our lives easier but occasionally more infuriating? For more than 20 years, readers have delighted in Charles Petzold's illuminating story of the secret inner life of computers, and now he has revised it for this new age of computing. Cleverly illustrated and easy to understand, this is the book that cracks the mystery. You'll discover what flashlights, black cats, seesaws, and the ride of Paul Revere can teach you about computing, and how human ingenuity and our compulsion to communicate have shaped every electronic device we use. This new expanded edition explores more deeply the bit-by-bit and gate-by-gate construction of the heart of every smart device, the central processing unit that combines the simplest of basic operations to perform the most complex of feats. Petzold's companion website, CodeHiddenLanguage.com, uses animated graphics of key circuits in the book to make computers even easier to comprehend. In addition to substantially revised and updated content, new chapters include: Chapter 18: Let's Build a Clock! Chapter 21: The Arithmetic Logic Unit Chapter 22: Registers and Busses Chapter 23: CPU Control Signals Chapter 24: Jumps, Loops, and Calls Chapter 28: The World Brain From the simple ticking of clocks to the worldwide hum of the internet, Code reveals the essence of the digital revolution. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Data Science Solutions Manav Sehgal, 2017-02-07 The field of data science, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence is exciting and complex at the same time. Data science is also rapidly growing with new tools, technologies, algorithms, datasets, and use cases. For a beginner in this field, the learning curve can be fairly daunting. This is where this book helps. The data science solutions book provides a repeatable, robust, and reliable framework to apply the right-fit workflows, strategies, tools, APIs, and domain for your data science projects. This book takes a solutions focused approach to data science. Each chapter meets an end-to-end objective of solving for data science workflow or technology requirements. At the end of each chapter you either complete a data science tools pipeline or write a fully functional coding project meeting your data science workflow requirements. SEVEN STAGES OF DATA SCIENCE SOLUTIONS WORKFLOW Every chapter in this book will go through one or more of these seven stages of data science solutions workflow. STAGE 1: Question. Problem. Solution. Before starting a data science project we must ask relevant questions specific to our project domain and datasets. We may answer or solve these during the course of our project. Think of these questions-solutions as the key requirements for our data science project. Here are some templates that can be used to frame questions for our data science projects. Can we classify an entity based on given features if our data science model is trained on certain number of samples with similar features related to specific classes?Do the samples, in a given dataset, cluster in specific classes based on similar or correlated features?Can our machine learning model recognise and classify new inputs based on prior training on a sample of similar inputs?STAGE 2: Acquire. Search. Create. Catalog.This stage involves data acquisition strategies including searching for datasets on popular data sources or internally within your organisation. We may also create a dataset based on external or internal data sources. The acquire stage may feedback to the question stage, refining our problem and solution definition based on the constraints and characteristics of the acquired datasets. STAGE 3: Wrangle. Prepare. Cleanse.The data wrangle phase prepares and cleanses our datasets for our project goals. This workflow stage starts by importing a dataset, exploring the dataset for its features and available samples, preparing the dataset using appropriate data types and data structures, and optionally cleansing the data set for creating model training and solution testing samples. The wrangle stage may circle back to the acquire stage to identify complementary datasets to combine and complete the existing dataset. STAGE 4: Analyse. Patterns. Explore.The analyse phase explores the given datasets to determine patterns, correlations, classification, and nature of the dataset. This helps determine choice of model algorithms and strategies that may work best on the dataset. The analyse stage may also visualize the dataset to determine such patterns. STAGE 5: Model. Predict. Solve.The model stage uses prediction and solution algorithms to train on a given dataset and apply this training to solve for a given problem. STAGE 6: Visualize. Report. Present.The visualization stage can help data wrangling, analysis, and modeling stages. Data can be visualized using charts and plots suiting the characteristics of the dataset and the desired results.Visualization stage may also provide the inputs for the supply stage.STAGE 7: Supply. Products. Services.Once we are ready to monetize our data science solution or derive further return on investment from our projects, we need to think about distribution and data supply chain. This stage circles back to the acquisition stage. In fact we are acquiring data from someone else's data supply chain. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: A Byte of Python C. H. C H Swaroop, James Zimmerhoff, 2017-10-02 The programming language Python was conceived in the late 1980s, [1] and its implementation was started in December 1989[2] by Guido van Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC (programming language) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the Amoeba operating system.[3] Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, Benevolent Dictator for Life (BDFL).[4][5] Python was named for the BBC TV show Monty Python's Flying Circus.[6] Python 2.0 was released on October 16, 2000, with many major new features, including a cycle-detecting garbage collector (in addition to reference counting) for memory management and support for Unicode. However, the most important change was to the development process itself, with a shift to a more transparent and community-backed process.[7] Python 3.0, a major, backwards-incompatible release, was released on December 3, 2008[8] after a long period of testing. Many of its major features have also been backported to the backwards-compatible Python 2.6 and 2.7.[9] In February 1991, van Rossum published the code (labeled version 0.9.0) to alt.sources.[10] Already present at this stage in development were classes with inheritance, exception handling, functions, and the core datatypes of list, dict, str and so on. Also in this initial release was a module system borrowed from Modula-3; Van Rossum describes the module as one of Python's major programming units.[1] Python's exception model also resembles Modula-3's, with the addition of an else clause.[3] In 1994 comp.lang.python, the primary discussion forum for Python, was formed, marking a milestone in the growth of Python's userbase.[1] Python reached version 1.0 in January 1994. The major new features included in this release were the functional programming tools lambda, map, filter and reduce. Van Rossum stated that Python acquired lambda, reduce(), filter() and map(), courtesy of a Lisp hacker who missed them and submitted working patches.[11] The last version released while Van Rossum was at CWI was Python 1.2. In 1995, Van Rossum continued his work on Python at the Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) in Reston, Virginia whence he released several versions. By version 1.4, Python had acquired several new features. Notable among these are the Modula-3 inspired keyword arguments (which are also similar to Common Lisp's keyword arguments) and built-in support for complex numbers. Also included is a basic form of data hiding by name mangling, though this is easily bypassed.[12] During Van Rossum's stay at CNRI, he launched the Computer Programming for Everybody (CP4E) initiative, intending to make programming more accessible to more people, with a basic literacy in programming languages, similar to the basic English literacy and mathematics skills required by most employers. Python served a central role in this: because of its focus on clean syntax, it was already suitable, and CP4E's goals bore similarities to its predecessor, ABC. The project was funded by DARPA.[13] As of 2007, the CP4E project is inactive, and while Python attempts to be easily learnable and not too arcane in its syntax and semantics, reaching out to non-programmers is not an active concern.[14] Here are what people are saying about the book: This is the best beginner's tutorial I've ever seen! Thank you for your effort. -- Walt Michalik The best thing i found was A Byte of Python, which is simply a brilliant book for a beginner. It's well written, the concepts are well explained with self evident examples. -- Joshua Robin Excellent gentle introduction to programming #Python for beginners -- Shan Rajasekaran Best newbie guide to python -- Nickson Kaigi start to love python with every single page read -- Herbert Feutl perfect beginners guide for python, will give u key to unlock magical world of python |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Coding Interview Questions Narasimha Karumanchi, 2012-05 Coding Interview Questions is a book that presents interview questions in simple and straightforward manner with a clear-cut explanation. This book will provide an introduction to the basics. It comes handy as an interview and exam guide for computer scientists. Programming puzzles for interviews Campus Preparation Degree/Masters Course Preparation Big job hunters: Apple, Microsoft, Google, Amazon, Yahoo, Flip Kart, Adobe, IBM Labs, Citrix, Mentor Graphics, NetApp, Oracle, Webaroo, De-Shaw, Success Factors, Face book, McAfee and many more Reference Manual for working people Topics Covered: Programming BasicsIntroductionRecursion and BacktrackingLinked Lists Stacks Queues Trees Priority Queue and HeapsGraph AlgorithmsSortingSearching Selection Algorithms [Medians] Symbol TablesHashing String Algorithms Algorithms Design Techniques Greedy Algorithms Divide and Conquer Algorithms Dynamic Programming Complexity Classes Design Interview Questions Operating System Concepts Computer Networking Basics Database Concepts Brain Teasers NonTechnical Help Miscellaneous Concepts Note: If you already have Data Structures and Algorithms Made Easy no need to buy this. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Algorithms, Part II Robert Sedgewick, Kevin Wayne, 2014-02-01 This book is Part II of the fourth edition of Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne’s Algorithms, the leading textbook on algorithms today, widely used in colleges and universities worldwide. Part II contains Chapters 4 through 6 of the book. The fourth edition of Algorithms surveys the most important computer algorithms currently in use and provides a full treatment of data structures and algorithms for sorting, searching, graph processing, and string processing -- including fifty algorithms every programmer should know. In this edition, new Java implementations are written in an accessible modular programming style, where all of the code is exposed to the reader and ready to use. The algorithms in this book represent a body of knowledge developed over the last 50 years that has become indispensable, not just for professional programmers and computer science students but for any student with interests in science, mathematics, and engineering, not to mention students who use computation in the liberal arts. The companion web site, algs4.cs.princeton.edu contains An online synopsis Full Java implementations Test data Exercises and answers Dynamic visualizations Lecture slides Programming assignments with checklists Links to related material The MOOC related to this book is accessible via the Online Course link at algs4.cs.princeton.edu. The course offers more than 100 video lecture segments that are integrated with the text, extensive online assessments, and the large-scale discussion forums that have proven so valuable. Offered each fall and spring, this course regularly attracts tens of thousands of registrants. Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne are developing a modern approach to disseminating knowledge that fully embraces technology, enabling people all around the world to discover new ways of learning and teaching. By integrating their textbook, online content, and MOOC, all at the state of the art, they have built a unique resource that greatly expands the breadth and depth of the educational experience. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Dive Into Python Mark Pilgrim, 2004-07-12 * Quick start to learning python—very example oriented approach * Book has its own Web site established by the author: http://diveintopython.org/ Author is well known in the Open Source community and the book has a unique quick approach to learning an object oriented language. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Programming Challenges Steven S Skiena, Miguel A. Revilla, 2006-04-18 There are many distinct pleasures associated with computer programming. Craftsmanship has its quiet rewards, the satisfaction that comes from building a useful object and making it work. Excitement arrives with the flash of insight that cracks a previously intractable problem. The spiritual quest for elegance can turn the hacker into an artist. There are pleasures in parsimony, in squeezing the last drop of performance out of clever algorithms and tight coding. The games, puzzles, and challenges of problems from international programming competitions are a great way to experience these pleasures while improving your algorithmic and coding skills. This book contains over 100 problems that have appeared in previous programming contests, along with discussions of the theory and ideas necessary to attack them. Instant online grading for all of these problems is available from two WWW robot judging sites. Combining this book with a judge gives an exciting new way to challenge and improve your programming skills. This book can be used for self-study, for teaching innovative courses in algorithms and programming, and in training for international competition. The problems in this book have been selected from over 1,000 programming problems at the Universidad de Valladolid online judge. The judge has ruled on well over one million submissions from 27,000 registered users around the world to date. We have taken only the best of the best, the most fun, exciting, and interesting problems available. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: C# . Net Yashavant Kanetkar, |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: A Mind for Numbers Barbara A. Oakley, 2014-07-31 Engineering professor Barbara Oakley knows firsthand how it feels to struggle with math. In her book, she offers you the tools needed to get a better grasp of that intimidating but inescapable field. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Effective Python Brett Slatkin, 2015 Effective Python will help students harness the full power of Python to write exceptionally robust, efficient, maintainable, and well-performing code. Utilizing the concise, scenario-driven style pioneered in Scott Meyers's best-selling Effective C++, Brett Slatkin brings together 53 Python best practices, tips, shortcuts, and realistic code examples from expert programmers. Each section contains specific, actionable guidelines organized into items, each with carefully worded advice supported by detailed technical arguments and illuminating examples. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Algorithms Robert Sedgewick, Kevin Wayne, 2014-02-01 This book is Part I of the fourth edition of Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne’s Algorithms, the leading textbook on algorithms today, widely used in colleges and universities worldwide. Part I contains Chapters 1 through 3 of the book. The fourth edition of Algorithms surveys the most important computer algorithms currently in use and provides a full treatment of data structures and algorithms for sorting, searching, graph processing, and string processing -- including fifty algorithms every programmer should know. In this edition, new Java implementations are written in an accessible modular programming style, where all of the code is exposed to the reader and ready to use. The algorithms in this book represent a body of knowledge developed over the last 50 years that has become indispensable, not just for professional programmers and computer science students but for any student with interests in science, mathematics, and engineering, not to mention students who use computation in the liberal arts. The companion web site, algs4.cs.princeton.edu contains An online synopsis Full Java implementations Test data Exercises and answers Dynamic visualizations Lecture slides Programming assignments with checklists Links to related material The MOOC related to this book is accessible via the Online Course link at algs4.cs.princeton.edu. The course offers more than 100 video lecture segments that are integrated with the text, extensive online assessments, and the large-scale discussion forums that have proven so valuable. Offered each fall and spring, this course regularly attracts tens of thousands of registrants. Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne are developing a modern approach to disseminating knowledge that fully embraces technology, enabling people all around the world to discover new ways of learning and teaching. By integrating their textbook, online content, and MOOC, all at the state of the art, they have built a unique resource that greatly expands the breadth and depth of the educational experience. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Python Cookbook David Beazley, Brian K. Jones, 2013-05-10 If you need help writing programs in Python 3, or want to update older Python 2 code, this book is just the ticket. Packed with practical recipes written and tested with Python 3.3, this unique cookbook is for experienced Python programmers who want to focus on modern tools and idioms. Inside, youâ??ll find complete recipes for more than a dozen topics, covering the core Python language as well as tasks common to a wide variety of application domains. Each recipe contains code samples you can use in your projects right away, along with a discussion about how and why the solution works. Topics include: Data Structures and Algorithms Strings and Text Numbers, Dates, and Times Iterators and Generators Files and I/O Data Encoding and Processing Functions Classes and Objects Metaprogramming Modules and Packages Network and Web Programming Concurrency Utility Scripting and System Administration Testing, Debugging, and Exceptions C Extensions |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Writing Idiomatic Python 3.3 Jeff Knupp, 2013-02-10 The Writing Idiomatic Python book is finally here! Chock full of code samples, you'll learn the Pythonic way to accomplish common tasks. Each idiom comes with a detailed description, example code showing the wrong way to do it, and code for the idiomatic, Pythonic alternative. *This version of the book is for Python 3. There is also a Python 2.7+ version available.* Writing Idiomatic Python contains the most common and important Python idioms in a format that maximizes identification and understanding. Each idiom is presented as a recommendation to write some commonly used piece of code. It is followed by an explanation of why the idiom is important. It also contains two code samples: the Harmful way to write it and the Idiomatic way. * The Harmful way helps you identify the idiom in your own code. * The Idiomatic way shows you how to easily translate that code into idiomatic Python. This book is perfect for you: * If you're coming to Python from another programming language * If you're learning Python as a first programming language * If you're looking to increase the readability, maintainability, and correctness of your Python code What is Idiomatic Python? Every programming language has its own idioms. Programming language idioms are nothing more than the generally accepted way of writing a certain piece of code. Consistently writing idiomatic code has a number of important benefits: * Others can read and understand your code easily * Others can maintain and enhance your code with minimal effort * Your code will contain fewer bugs * Your code will teach others to write correct code without any effort on your part |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Let us Java Kanetkar Yashavant, 2019-09-20 Learn the basics of most favored dynamic language for application development Key features Major reorganisation of chapters with a view to improve comprehension of concepts involved Comprehensive coverage of all the concepts of Core Java Simple language, crystal clear approach, user friendly book Concepts are duly supported by several examples and self explanatory analogies. DescriptionJava Language is very popularly used for creating applications for PC, Laptop, Tablet, Web and Mobile world Learning a language that can work on so many different platforms can be a challenge. This is where you would find this book immediately useful. It follows simple and easy narration style. It doesn't assume any programming background. It begins with the basics and steadily builds the pace so that the reader finds it easy to handle complex topics towards the end. Each chapter has been designed to create a deep and lasting impression on reader's mind. Object Oriented Programming has been covered in detail to give a strong foundation for Java Programming. Well thought out and fully working example programs and carefully crafted exercises of this book, cover every aspect of Java programming. What will you learn Data types & Control Instructions Classes & Objects Arrays & Strings Inheritance & Polymorphism Interfaces, Packages Exception Handling, Effective IO Multithreading & Synchronization Generics, Collection classes, GUI Using Swing Database Connectivity Using JDBC Who this book is forThis book will prove to be a e;must havee; for beginners as well as experienced professionals as it is a stepping stone for learning Java technology. Table of contents1. An Overview of Java 2. Getting Started 3. Java Data Types and Instructions 4. Decision Control Instruction 5. Loop Control Instruction6. Case Control Instruction7. Functions8. Advanced Features of Functions9. Introduction to OOP10. Classes and Objects11. Arrays12. Strings and Enums13. Inheritance14. Polymorphism15. Exception Handling16. Effective Input/ Output17. Multithreading In Java18. Generics19. Collection Classes20. User Interfaces21. JDBC22. Index About the authorYashavant Kanetkar Through his books and Quest Video Courses on C, C++, Java, Python, Data Structures, .NET, IoT, etc. Yashavant Kanetkar has created, molded and groomed lacs of IT careers in the last three decades. Yashavant's books and Quest videos have made a significant contribution in creating top-notch IT manpower in India and abroad. Yashavant's books are globally recognized and millions of students/professionals have benefitted from them. Yashavant's books have been translated into Hindi, Gujarati, Japanese, Korean and Chinese languages. Many of his books are published in India, USA, Japan, Singapore, Korea and China. Yashavant is a much sought after speaker in the IT field and has conducted seminars/workshops at TedEx, IITs, IIITs, NITs and global software companies. Yashavant has been honored with the prestigious e;Distinguished Alumnus Awarde; by IIT Kanpur for his entrepreneurial, professional and academic excellence. This award was given to top 50 alumni of IIT Kanpur who have made a significant contribution towards their profession and betterment of society in the last 50 years. In recognition of his immense contribution to IT education in India, he has been awarded the e;Best .NET Technical Contributore; and e;Most Valuable Professionale; awards by Microsoft for 5 successive years. Yashavant holds a BE from VJTI Mumbai and M.Tech. from IIT Kanpur. Yadhavant's current affiliations include being a Director of KICIT Pvt Ltd. And KSET Pvt Ltd. His Linkedin profile: linkedin.com/in/yashavant-kanetkar-9775255 |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Constraint Processing Rina Dechter, 2003-05-05 Constraint reasoning has matured over the last three decades with contributions from a diverse community of researchers in artificial intelligence, databases and programming languages, operations research, management science, and applied mathematics. In Constraint Processing, Rina Dechter synthesizes these contributions, as well as her own significant work, to provide the first comprehensive examination of the theory that underlies constraint processing algorithms. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Exercises for Programmers Brian P. Hogan, 2015-09-04 When you write software, you need to be at the top of your game. Great programmers practice to keep their skills sharp. Get sharp and stay sharp with more than fifty practice exercises rooted in real-world scenarios. If you're a new programmer, these challenges will help you learn what you need to break into the field, and if you're a seasoned pro, you can use these exercises to learn that hot new language for your next gig. One of the best ways to learn a programming language is to use it to solve problems. That's what this book is all about. Instead of questions rooted in theory, this book presents problems you'll encounter in everyday software development. These problems are designed for people learning their first programming language, and they also provide a learning path for experienced developers to learn a new language quickly. Start with simple input and output programs. Do some currency conversion and figure out how many months it takes to pay off a credit card. Calculate blood alcohol content and determine if it's safe to drive. Replace words in files and filter records, and use web services to display the weather, store data, and show how many people are in space right now. At the end you'll tackle a few larger programs that will help you bring everything together. Each problem includes constraints and challenges to push you further, but it's up to you to come up with the solutions. And next year, when you want to learn a new programming language or style of programming (perhaps OOP vs. functional), you can work through this book again, using new approaches to solve familiar problems. What You Need: You need access to a computer, a programming language reference, and the programming language you want to use. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Head First Learn to Code Eric Freeman, 2018-01-02 What will you learn from this book? Itâ??s no secret the world around you is becoming more connected, more configurable, more programmable, more computational. You can remain a passive participant, or you can learn to code. With Head First Learn to Code youâ??ll learn how to think computationally and how to write code to make your computer, mobile device, or anything with a CPU do things for you. Using the Python programming language, youâ??ll learn step by step the core concepts of programming as well as many fundamental topics from computer science, such as data structures, storage, abstraction, recursion, and modularity. Why does this book look so different? Based on the latest research in cognitive science and learning theory, Head First Learn to Code uses a visually rich format to engage your mind, rather than a text-heavy approach that puts you to sleep. Why waste your time struggling with new concepts? This multi-sensory learning experience is designed for the way your brain really works. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: How Can Self-learners Learn Programming in the Most Efficient Way? A Pragmatic Approach Sebastien Phlix, 2016-12-13 Master's Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Computer Science - Programming, grade: 20/20, Ecole des hautes etudes commerciales de Paris (HEC Entrepreneurs), language: English, abstract: This paper provides a structured approach for self-learning programming for free on the internet. Its recommendations are based on a review of the existing academic literature which is complemented by the analysis of numerous contributions by software developers, self-learners, and teachers of programming. Additionally, it incorporates effective learning techniques derived from psychological research. Its intended readers are primarily entrepreneurs and 'startup people' who are driven to build new businesses with code, although the proposed approach is also transferable to other domains and audiences. The single most important factor for succeeding in learning programming has been found to be of human nature: learner motivation and persistence. While most beginners and the majority of academic contributions focus mostly on technical aspects such as which language to learn first, or which learning resources to use, this paper analyzes the learning process itself. Learning programming is thus divided into three main steps: First, I highlight the importance of setting a strong learning goal for motivation, and provide a big-picture overview of what 'learning programming' encompasses to structure the approach. Second, I provide learners with recommendations as to which language to learn first - there is no one 'best' choice - as well as how and where to find effective learning resources. Lastly, the paper concludes with tips for optimizing the learning process by introducing effective learning techniques, highlighting the importance of programming practice, and collecting additional advice from programmers and self-learners. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Algorithms Sanjoy Dasgupta, Christos H. Papadimitriou, Umesh Virkumar Vazirani, 2006 This text, extensively class-tested over a decade at UC Berkeley and UC San Diego, explains the fundamentals of algorithms in a story line that makes the material enjoyable and easy to digest. Emphasis is placed on understanding the crisp mathematical idea behind each algorithm, in a manner that is intuitive and rigorous without being unduly formal. Features include:The use of boxes to strengthen the narrative: pieces that provide historical context, descriptions of how the algorithms are used in practice, and excursions for the mathematically sophisticated. Carefully chosen advanced topics that can be skipped in a standard one-semester course but can be covered in an advanced algorithms course or in a more leisurely two-semester sequence.An accessible treatment of linear programming introduces students to one of the greatest achievements in algorithms. An optional chapter on the quantum algorithm for factoring provides a unique peephole into this exciting topic. In addition to the text DasGupta also offers a Solutions Manual which is available on the Online Learning Center.Algorithms is an outstanding undergraduate text equally informed by the historical roots and contemporary applications of its subject. Like a captivating novel it is a joy to read. Tim Roughgarden Stanford University |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Dynamic Programming for Coding Interviews Meenakshi, Kamal Rawat, 2017-01-18 I wanted to compute 80th term of the Fibonacci series. I wrote the rampant recursive function, int fib(int n){ return (1==n || 2==n) ? 1 : fib(n-1) + fib(n-2); } and waited for the result. I wait… and wait… and wait… With an 8GB RAM and an Intel i5 CPU, why is it taking so long? I terminated the process and tried computing the 40th term. It took about a second. I put a check and was shocked to find that the above recursive function was called 204,668,309 times while computing the 40th term. More than 200 million times? Is it reporting function calls or scam of some government? The Dynamic Programming solution computes 100th Fibonacci term in less than fraction of a second, with a single function call, taking linear time and constant extra memory. A recursive solution, usually, neither pass all test cases in a coding competition, nor does it impress the interviewer in an interview of company like Google, Microsoft, etc. The most difficult questions asked in competitions and interviews, are from dynamic programming. This book takes Dynamic Programming head-on. It first explain the concepts with simple examples and then deep dives into complex DP problems. |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Python Tutorial 3.11.3 Guido Van Rossum, Python Development Team, 2023-05-12 |
| almost equivalent strings hackerrank solution python: Practices of the Python Pro Dane Hillard, 2019-12-22 Summary Professional developers know the many benefits of writing application code that’s clean, well-organized, and easy to maintain. By learning and following established patterns and best practices, you can take your code and your career to a new level. With Practices of the Python Pro, you’ll learn to design professional-level, clean, easily maintainable software at scale using the incredibly popular programming language, Python. You’ll find easy-to-grok examples that use pseudocode and Python to introduce software development best practices, along with dozens of instantly useful techniques that will help you code like a pro. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the technology Professional-quality code does more than just run without bugs. It’s clean, readable, and easy to maintain. To step up from a capable Python coder to a professional developer, you need to learn industry standards for coding style, application design, and development process. That’s where this book is indispensable. About the book Practices of the Python Pro teaches you to design and write professional-quality software that’s understandable, maintainable, and extensible. Dane Hillard is a Python pro who has helped many dozens of developers make this step, and he knows what it takes. With helpful examples and exercises, he teaches you when, why, and how to modularize your code, how to improve quality by reducing complexity, and much more. Embrace these core principles, and your code will become easier for you and others to read, maintain, and reuse. What's inside Organizing large Python projects Achieving the right levels of abstraction Writing clean, reusable code Inheritance and composition Considerations for testing and performance About the reader For readers familiar with the basics of Python, or another OO language. About the author Dane Hillard has spent the majority of his development career using Python to build web applications. Table of Contents: PART 1 WHY IT ALL MATTERS 1 ¦ The bigger picture PART 2 FOUNDATIONS OF DESIGN 2 ¦ Separation of concerns 3 ¦ Abstraction and encapsulation 4 ¦ Designing for high performance 5 ¦ Testing your software PART 3 NAILING DOWN LARGE SYSTEMS 6 ¦ Separation of concerns in practice 7 ¦ Extensibility and flexibility 8 ¦ The rules (and exceptions) of inheritance 9 ¦ Keeping things lightweight 10 ¦ Achieving loose coupling PART 4 WHAT’S NEXT? 11 ¦ Onward and upward |
ALMOST Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ALMOST is very nearly but not exactly or entirely. How to use almost in a sentence.
ALMOST | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
We use almost and nearly to refer to the progress of things, especially if we are measuring and counting things. In these examples, almost and nearly can both be used: … It’ll cost almost as …
ALMOST Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Almost, most, nearly, well-nigh all mean within a small degree of or short space of. Almost implies very little short of: almost exhausted; almost home. Most is colloquial for almost. Nearly …
Almost vs. Nearly: What's the Difference? - Grammarly
Almost is typically used to suggest that something is approaching a certain point or level, but is not entirely reached. Nearly, while very similar in meaning, can convey a slight nuance of even …
Almost - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com
The adverb almost is perfect for describing things you come close to doing, or states you haven't yet reached. It has an Old English root, eallmæst, "nearly all," or literally, "mostly all."
ALMOST definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
You use almost to indicate that something is not completely the case but is nearly the case. The couple had been dating for almost three years. Storms have been hitting almost all of Britain …
Almost - definition of almost by The Free Dictionary
Define almost. almost synonyms, almost pronunciation, almost translation, English dictionary definition of almost. adv. Slightly short of; not quite; nearly: almost time to go; was almost …
almost - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
5 days ago · almost (plural almosts) (informal) Something or someone that doesn't quite make it.
What does Almost mean? - Definitions.net
Almost is an adverb or adjective that is used to describe something or someone that is very close to or nearly achieving a certain state, condition, or characteristic, but falls just short of it.
almost, adv., adj., & n. meanings, etymology and more | Oxford …
There are seven meanings listed in OED's entry for the word almost, two of which are labelled obsolete. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence. How common is …
ALMOST Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ALMOST is very nearly but not exactly or entirely. How to use almost in a sentence.
ALMOST | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
We use almost and nearly to refer to the progress of things, especially if we are measuring and counting things. In these examples, almost and nearly can both be used: … It’ll cost almost as …
ALMOST Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Almost, most, nearly, well-nigh all mean within a small degree of or short space of. Almost implies very little short of: almost exhausted; almost home. Most is colloquial for almost. Nearly …
Almost vs. Nearly: What's the Difference? - Grammarly
Almost is typically used to suggest that something is approaching a certain point or level, but is not entirely reached. Nearly, while very similar in meaning, can convey a slight nuance of even …
Almost - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com
The adverb almost is perfect for describing things you come close to doing, or states you haven't yet reached. It has an Old English root, eallmæst, "nearly all," or literally, "mostly all."
ALMOST definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
You use almost to indicate that something is not completely the case but is nearly the case. The couple had been dating for almost three years. Storms have been hitting almost all of Britain …
Almost - definition of almost by The Free Dictionary
Define almost. almost synonyms, almost pronunciation, almost translation, English dictionary definition of almost. adv. Slightly short of; not quite; nearly: almost time to go; was almost …
almost - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
5 days ago · almost (plural almosts) (informal) Something or someone that doesn't quite make it.
What does Almost mean? - Definitions.net
Almost is an adverb or adjective that is used to describe something or someone that is very close to or nearly achieving a certain state, condition, or characteristic, but falls just short of it.
almost, adv., adj., & n. meanings, etymology and more | Oxford …
There are seven meanings listed in OED's entry for the word almost, two of which are labelled obsolete. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence. How common is …
