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| rwandan genocide primary source: Season of Blood Fergal Keane, 1996-04-25 When President Habyarimana’s jet was shot down in April 1994, Rwanda erupted into a hundred-day orgy of killing – which left up to a million dead. Fergal Keane travelled through the country as the genocide was continuing, and his powerful analysis reveals the terrible truth behind the headlines. ‘A tender, angry account ... As well as being a scathing indictment – Keane says the genocide inflicted on the Tutsis was planned well in advance by Hutu leaders – this is a graphic view of news-gathering in extremis. It deserves to become a classic’ Independent. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: The Media and the Rwanda Genocide Allan Thompson, 2007-01-20 Explores the role of the media in the Rwandan genocide -- within the country and beyond. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families Philip Gourevitch, 1998 In 1994 the Rwandan government implemented a policy for the Hutu majority to murder everyone in the Tutsi majority. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Rwanda Revisited , 2021-12-13 Written by people selected for their personalized knowledge of the Rwandan genocide, Rwanda Revisited: Genocide, Civil War, and the Transformation of International Law provides a unique level of insight, detail and first-hand knowledge about the Rwandan genocide and its aftermath. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Tested to the Limit Consolee Nishimwe, 2012-06-27 “If there is one book you should read on the Rwandan Genocide, this is it. Tested to the Limit—A Genocide Survivor’s Story of Pain, Resilience, and Hope is a riveting and courageous account from the perspective of a fourteen year- old girl. It’s a powerful story you will never forget.” —Francine LeFrak, founder of Same Sky and award-winning producer “That someone who survived such a horrific, life-altering experience as the Rwandan genocide could find the courage to share her story truly amazes me. But even more incredible is that Consolee Nishimwe refused to let the inhumane acts she suffered strip away her humanity, zest for life and positive outlook for a better future. After reading Tested to the Limit, I am in awe of the unyielding strength and resilience of the human spirit to overcome against all odds.” —Kate Ferguson, senior editor, POZ magazine “Consolee Nishimwe’s story of resilience, perseverance, and grace after surviving genocide, rape, and torture is a testament to the transformative power of unyielding faith and a commitment to love. Her inspiring narrative about compassionate courage and honest revelations about her spiritual path in the face of unthinkable adversity remind us that hope is eternal, and miracles happen every day.” —Jamia Wilson, vice president of programs, Women’s Media Center, New York |
| rwandan genocide primary source: The Rwandan Genocide Alexander Cruden, 2010-07-29 This volume provides a brief overview of the Rwandan Genocide of 1994, and then explores major factors that caused it, political corruption, and the repercussions of the violence. It offers a multinational perspective on the controversies surrounding the genocide, the current implications, and long-lasting effects. Personal narratives are included that will captivate your readers, giving them first-hand accounts of those who lived through it or were directly impacted by it. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: The Path to Genocide in Rwanda Omar Shahabudin McDoom, 2021-03-11 Uses unique field data to offer a rigorous explanation of how Rwanda's genocide occurred and why Rwandans participated in it. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Modern Genocide Paul R. Bartrop, 2019-09-12 This book provides an indispensable resource for anyone researching the scourge of mass murder in the 20th and 21st centuries, effectively using primary source documents to help them understand all aspects of genocide. This illuminating primary source collection closely examines and analyzes primary documents related to genocides, focusing on genocidal events from the beginning of the 20th century to the present. Thematically organized into eight sections, each document comes with an introduction and analysis written by the author that helps provide the crucial historical background for the users of this title to learn about the complexities of genocide. The first section considers a range of definitional matters relating to genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes; the second section relates to warnings of impending genocide, and how they have been received; the third considers atrocities and how they have been perpetrated; the fourth is an examination ofexamines a range of resistance initiatives that have been taken in response to genocide; the fifth looks at reactions to genocide from outside actors; the sixth considers the ways in which states have intervened to stop genocide; the seventh relates to post-genocide justice measures; and the eighth section relates to how states and NGOs have sought to prevent genocide. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Rwandan Genocide Alexis Herr, 2018-04-19 This important reference work offers students an accessible overview of the Rwandan Genocide, with more than 100 detailed articles by leading scholars on an array of topics and themes and 20 key primary source documents. Tracing the history of Rwanda prior to, during, and after German and Belgian colonization of Rwanda through the present day, this invaluable resource scrutinizes the historical events that determined how and why the Rwandan Genocide occurred and discusses the memory, history, and legacy of the atrocity both within and outside of Rwanda. Designed to suit the needs of students both new to and advanced in the subject, this reference work provides readers with a thematic overview of the Rwandan Genocide, an accessible analysis of the national and international complexities that drove it, and more than 100 in-depth entries on topics related to the genocide. Encyclopedic entries profile key perpetrators, rescuers, and witnesses as well as religious, political, and nonprofit groups, which, in combination with entries on judicial proceedings and the United Nations, offer readers a multifaceted understanding of Rwanda, the genocide, and its aftermath. To help learners to engage with the historical and social contexts of this atrocity, the book also contains 20 curated primary source documents and six perspective essays, in which scholars debate key questions regarding the genocide. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: "Leave None to Tell the Story" Alison Liebhafsky Des Forges, Human Rights Watch (Organization), 1999 *** Law and Order |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Mobilizing the Will to Intervene Frank Robert Chalk, 2010 Published for the Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies at Concordia University. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: The Order of Genocide Scott Straus, 2013-01-19 The Rwandan genocide has become a touchstone for debates about the causes of mass violence and the responsibilities of the international community. Yet a number of key questions about this tragedy remain unanswered: How did the violence spread from community to community and so rapidly engulf the nation? Why did individuals make decisions that led them to take up machetes against their neighbors? And what was the logic that drove the campaign of extermination? According to Scott Straus, a social scientist and former journalist in East Africa for several years (who received a Pulitzer Prize nomination for his reporting for the Houston Chronicle), many of the widely held beliefs about the causes and course of genocide in Rwanda are incomplete. They focus largely on the actions of the ruling elite or the inaction of the international community. Considerably less is known about how and why elite decisions became widespread exterminatory violence. Challenging the prevailing wisdom, Straus provides substantial new evidence about local patterns of violence, using original research—including the most comprehensive surveys yet undertaken among convicted perpetrators—to assess competing theories about the causes and dynamics of the genocide. Current interpretations stress three main causes for the genocide: ethnic identity, ideology, and mass-media indoctrination (in particular the influence of hate radio). Straus's research does not deny the importance of ethnicity, but he finds that it operated more as a background condition. Instead, Straus emphasizes fear and intra-ethnic intimidation as the primary drivers of the violence. A defensive civil war and the assassination of a president created a feeling of acute insecurity. Rwanda's unusually effective state was also central, as was the country's geography and population density, which limited the number of exit options for both victims and perpetrators. In conclusion, Straus steps back from the particulars of the Rwandan genocide to offer a new, dynamic model for understanding other instances of genocide in recent history—the Holocaust, Armenia, Cambodia, the Balkans—and assessing the future likelihood of such events. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Shattered Lives Binaifer Nowrojee, Human Rights Watch/Africa, Fédération internationale des droits de l'homme, 1996 Rape of Hutu women |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Christianity and Genocide in Rwanda Timothy Longman, 2010 This book studies the role of Christian churches in the 1994 Rwandan genocide. Timothy Longman's research shows that Rwandan churches have consistently allied themselves with the state and engaged in ethnic politics, making them a center of struggle over power and resources. He argues that the genocide in Rwanda was a conservative response to progressive forces that were attempting to democratize Christian churches. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Shake Hands With the Devil Romeo Dallaire, 2009-02-24 On the tenth anniversary of the date that UN peacekeepers landed in Rwanda, Random House Canada is proud to publish the unforgettable first-hand account of the genocide by the man who led the UN mission. Digging deep into shattering memories, General Dallaire has written a powerful story of betrayal, naïveté, racism and international politics. His message is simple and undeniable: “Never again.” When Lt-Gen. Roméo Dallaire received the call to serve as force commander of the UN intervention in Rwanda in 1993, he thought he was heading off on a modest and straightforward peacekeeping mission. Thirteen months later he flew home from Africa, broken, disillusioned and suicidal, having witnessed the slaughter of 800,000 Rwandans in only a hundred days. In Shake Hands with the Devil, he takes the reader with him on a return voyage into the hell of Rwanda, vividly recreating the events the international community turned its back on. This book is an unsparing eyewitness account of the failure by humanity to stop the genocide, despite timely warnings. Woven through the story of this disastrous mission is Dallaire’s own journey from confident Cold Warrior, to devastated UN commander, to retired general engaged in a painful struggle to find a measure of peace, reconciliation and hope. This book is General Dallaire’s personal account of his conversion from a man certain of his worth and secure in his assumptions to a man conscious of his own weaknesses and failures and critical of the institutions he’d relied on. It might not sit easily with standard ideas of military leadership, but understanding what happened to General Dallaire and his mission to Rwanda is crucial to understanding the moral minefields our peacekeepers are forced to negotiate when we ask them to step into the world’s dirty wars. Excerpt from Shake Hands with the Devil My story is not a strictly military account nor a clinical, academic study of the breakdown of Rwanda. It is not a simplistic indictment of the many failures of the UN as a force for peace in the world. It is not a story of heroes and villains, although such a work could easily be written. This book is a cri de coeur for the slaughtered thousands, a tribute to the souls hacked apart by machetes because of their supposed difference from those who sought to hang on to power. . . . This book is the account of a few humans who were entrusted with the role of helping others taste the fruits of peace. Instead, we watched as the devil took control of paradise on earth and fed on the blood of the people we were supposed to protect. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Lasting Wounds , 2003 |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Intimate Enemy Scott Straus, 2006-03-17 Testimony and photographs from the Rwandan genocide, providing a rare look at both perpetrators and survivors. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Blood and Soil Ben Kiernan, 2008-10-01 A book of surpassing importance that should be required reading for leaders and policymakers throughout the world For thirty years Ben Kiernan has been deeply involved in the study of genocide and crimes against humanity. He has played a key role in unearthing confidential documentation of the atrocities committed by the Khmer Rouge. His writings have transformed our understanding not only of twentieth-century Cambodia but also of the historical phenomenon of genocide. This new book—the first global history of genocide and extermination from ancient times—is among his most important achievements. Kiernan examines outbreaks of mass violence from the classical era to the present, focusing on worldwide colonial exterminations and twentieth-century case studies including the Armenian genocide, the Nazi Holocaust, Stalin’s mass murders, and the Cambodian and Rwandan genocides. He identifies connections, patterns, and features that in nearly every case gave early warning of the catastrophe to come: racism or religious prejudice, territorial expansionism, and cults of antiquity and agrarianism. The ideologies that have motivated perpetrators of mass killings in the past persist in our new century, says Kiernan. He urges that we heed the rich historical evidence with its telltale signs for predicting and preventing future genocides. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: A People Betrayed Linda Melvern, 2014-04-10 Events in Rwanda in 1994 mark a landmark in the history of modern genocide. Up to one million people were killed in a planned public and political campaign. In the face of indisputable evidence, the Security Council of the United Nations failed to respond. In this classic of investigative journalism, Linda Melvern tells the compelling story of what happened. She holds governments to account, showing how individuals could have prevented what was happening and didn't do so. The book also reveals the unrecognised heroism of those who stayed on during the genocide, volunteer peacekeepers and those who ran emergency medical care. Fifteen years on, this new edition examines the ongoing impact of the 1948 Genocide Convention and the shock waves Rwanda caused around the world. Based on fresh interviews with key players and newly-released documents, A People Betrayed is a shocking indictment of the way Rwanda is and was forgotten and how today it is remembered in the West. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies Donald Bloxham, A. Dirk Moses, 2010-04-15 Genocide has scarred human societies since Antiquity. In the modern era, genocide has been a global phenomenon: from massacres in colonial America, Africa, and Australia to the Holocaust of European Jewry and mass death in Maoist China. In recent years, the discipline of 'genocide studies' has developed to offer analysis and comprehension. The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies is the first book to subject both genocide and the young discipline it has spawned to systematic, in-depth investigation. Thirty-four renowned experts study genocide through the ages by taking regional, thematic, and disciplinary-specific approaches. Chapters examine secessionist and political genocides in modern Asia. Others treat the violent dynamics of European colonialism in Africa, the complex ethnic geography of the Great Lakes region, and the structural instability of the continent's northern horn. South and North America receive detailed coverage, as do the Ottoman Empire, Nazi-occupied Europe, and post-communist Eastern Europe. Sustained attention is paid to themes like gender, memory, the state, culture, ethnic cleansing, military intervention, the United Nations, and prosecutions. The work is multi-disciplinary, featuring the work of historians, anthropologists, lawyers, political scientists, sociologists, and philosophers. Uniquely combining empirical reconstruction and conceptual analysis, this Handbook presents and analyses regions of genocide and the entire field of 'genocide studies' in one substantial volume. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: The Holocaust and Other Genocides Maria van Haperen, 2012 This unique guidebook offers concise information about five 20th-century cases of genocide, as well as the responses of international justice. By relevant use of illustrations and references, and by using the most recent literature, this is an indispensable work offering new insight, in the processes of genocide. -- back cover. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Evaluation of PEPFAR's Contribution (2012-2017) to Rwanda's Human Resources for Health Program National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Global Health, Committee on the Evaluation of Strengthening Human Resources for Health Capacity in the Republic of Rwanda Under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), 2020-06-22 Since 2004, the U.S. government has supported the global response to HIV/AIDS through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The Republic of Rwanda, a PEPFAR partner country since the initiative began, has made gains in its HIV response, including increased access to and coverage of antiretroviral therapy and decreased HIV prevalence. However, a persistent shortage in human resources for health (HRH) affects the health of people living with HIV and the entire Rwandan population. Recognizing HRH capabilities as a foundational challenge for the health system and the response to HIV, the Government of Rwanda worked with PEPFAR and other partners to develop a program to strengthen institutional capacity in health professional education and thereby increase the production of high-quality health workers. The Program was fully managed by the Government of Rwanda and was designed to run from 2011 through 2019. PEPFAR initiated funding in 2012. In 2015, PEPFAR adopted a new strategy focused on high-burden geographic areas and key populations, resulting in a reconfiguration of its HIV portfolio in Rwanda and a decision to cease funding the Program, which was determined no longer core to its programming strategy. The last disbursement for the Program from PEPFAR was in 2017. Evaluation of PEPFAR's Contribution (2012-2017) to Rwanda's Human Resources for Health Program describes PEPFAR-supported HRH activities in Rwanda in relation to programmatic priorities, outputs, and outcomes and examines, to the extent feasible, the impact on HRH and HIV-related outcomes. The HRH Program more than tripled the country's physician specialist workforce and produced major increases in the numbers and qualifications of nurses and midwives. Partnerships between U.S. institutions and the University of Rwanda introduced new programs, upgraded curricula, and improved the quality of teaching and training for health professionals. Growing the number, skills, and competencies of health workers contributed to direct and indirect improvements in the quality of HIV care. Based on the successes and challenges of the HRH program, the report recommends that future investments in health professional education be designed within a more comprehensive approach to human resources for health and institutional capacity building, which would strengthen the health system to meet both HIV-specific and more general health needs. The recommendations offer an aspirational framework to reimagine how partnerships are formed, how investments are made, and how the effects of those investments are documented. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: From War to Genocide André Guichaoua, 2015-12 A definitive account and analysis of the evolving genocidal violence in Rwanda in 1994, and of the judicial, political, and diplomatic responses to it. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Who Must Die in Rwanda's Genocide? Kyrsten Sinema, 2015-09-11 This book provides a juridical, sociopolitical history of the evolution of the 1994 Rwandan genocide. Over one million citizens were massacred in less than 100 days via a highly organized, efficiently executed genocide throughout the tiny country of Rwanda. While genocide is not a unique phenomenon in modern times, a genocide like Rwanda’s is unique. Unlike most genocides, wherein a government plans and executes mass murder of a targeted portion of its population, asking merely that the majority population look the other way, or at most, provide no harbor to the targeted population (ex: Germany), the Rwandan government relied heavily on the civilian population to not only politically support, but actively engage in the acts of genocide committed over the 100 days throughout the spring of 1994. This book seeks to understand why and how the Rwandan genocide occurred. It analyzes the colonial roots of modern Rwandan government and the development of the political “state of exception” created in Rwanda that ultimately allowed the sovereign to dehumanize the minority Tutsi population and execute the most efficient genocide in modern history. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Preventing the Bloodbath A. Walter Dorn, Jonathan Matloff, Jennifer Matthews, 1999 |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Armed Conflict and Schooling: Evidence from the 1994 Rwandan Genocide Richard Akresh, 2008 Abstract: To examine the impact of Rwanda's 1994 genocide on children's schooling, the authors combine two cross-sectional household surveys collected before and after the genocide. The identification strategy uses pre-war data to control for an age group's baseline schooling and exploits variation across provinces in the intensity of killings and which children's cohorts were school-aged when exposed to the war. The findings show a strong negative impact of the genocide on schooling, with exposed children completing one-half year less education representing an 18.3 percent decline. The effect is robust to including control variables, alternative sources for genocide intensity, and an instrumental variables strategy. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: The Needs of Others Kelly McFall, 2022-07-01 The Needs of Others is set at the UN in 1994, where diplomats learn of violence in Rwanda. Representing UN ambassadors, human rights organizations, journalists, and public opinion leaders, students wrestle with difficult questions based on an unsteady trickle of information: Should the UN peacekeeping mission be withdrawn or strengthened? Is the fighting in Rwanda a civil war or something else? Does the UN have an obligation to intervene? |
| rwandan genocide primary source: From Classrooms to Conflict in Rwanda Elisabeth King, 2014 Based on fieldwork and comparative historical analysis of Rwanda, this book questions the conventional wisdom that education builds peace. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: A Holocaust Reader Rita S. Botwinick, 1998 Suitable for upper level high school or university students, this anthology presents original documents relating to the Third Reich, divided into ten thematic sections. Excerpts are drawn from Mein Kampf, Third Reich documents, German and Jewish memoirs, and recent scholarship. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Index to the Times Times (London, England), 1975 |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Becoming Human Again Donald E. Miller, 2020-03-31 Genocide involves significant death and trauma. Yet the enormous scope of genocide comes into view when one looks at the factors that lead to mass killing, the struggle for survival during genocide, and the ways survivors reconstruct their lives after the violence ends. Over a one hundred day period in 1994, the country of Rwanda saw the genocidal slaughter of at least 800,000 Tutsi at the hands of members of the Hutu majority government. This book is a powerful oral history of the tragedy and its aftermath from the perspective of its survivors. Based on in-depth interviews conducted over the course of fifteen years, the authors take a holistic approach by tracing how victims experienced the horrific events, as well as how they have coped with the aftermath as they struggled to resume their lives. The Rwanda genocide deserves study and documentation not only because of the failure of the Western world to intervene, but also because it raises profound questions about the ways survivors create a new life out of the ashes of all that was destroyed. How do they deal with the all-encompassing traumas of genocide? Is forgiveness possible? And what does the process of rebuilding teach us about genocide, trauma, and human life? |
| rwandan genocide primary source: The Globalization of Human Rights Jean-Marc Coicaud, Michael W. Doyle, Anne-Marie Gardner, 2003 International efforts to construct a set of standardised human rights guidelines are based upon the identification of agreed key values regarding the relationships between individuals and the institutions governing them, which are viewed as critical to the well-being of humanity and the character of being human. This publication considers these issues of justice at the national, regional, and international levels by analysing civil, political, economic and social rights aspects. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: The Historiography of Genocide Anton Weiss-Wendt, Robert Krieken, Alfred A. Cave, Ben Kiernan, Doris Bergen, David Moshman, Victoria Sanford, John Docker, Robert Hitchcock, 2008-02-13 The Historiography of Genocide is an indispensable guide to the development of the emerging discipline of genocide studies and the only available assessment of the historical literature pertaining to genocides. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: The Path of a Genocide Astri Suhrke, 2017-07-05 The Great Lakes region of Africa has seen dramatic changes. After a decade of war, repression, and genocide, loosely allied regimes have replaced old-style dictatorships. The Path of a Genocide examines the decade (1986-97) that brackets the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. This collection of essays is both a narrative of that event and a deep reexamination of the international role in addressing humanitarian issues and complex emergencies.Nineteen donor countries and seventeen multilateral organizations, international agencies, and international nongovernmental organizations pooled their efforts for an in-depth evaluation of the international response to the conflict in Rwanda. Original studies were commissioned from scholars from Uganda, Rwanda, Zaire, Ethiopia, Norway, Great Britain, France, Canada, and the United States. While each chapter in this volume focuses on one dimension of the Rwanda conflict, together they tell the story of this unfolding genocide and the world's response.The Path of a Genocide offers readers a perspective in sharp contrast to the tendency to treat a peace agreement as the end to conflict. This is a detailed effort to make sense of the political crisis and genocide in Rwanda and the effects it had on its neighbors. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Encountering Genocide Paul R. Bartrop, 2014-06-30 Cutting-edge in its scope and approach, this unique volume offers first-person accounts of modern genocides to enable readers to more fully examine genocidal experiences and better understand the horror of such events. From the atrocities of the Holocaust to the ongoing horrors in Darfur, genocide has been a gruesome and all-too-prominent fixture of modern history. There is no better way to examine and understand these events than through the accounts of those involved. This unique collection of primary sources features 50 documents, some of which have never before been made public. These firsthand accounts—diary entries, memoirs, oral testimony, original interviews, and more—illuminate 10 genocides of the 20th and 21st centuries as they were experienced by victims, perpetrators, and bystanders. The book begins with the Herero Genocide (1904–1907) and ends with a consideration of the atrocities in Darfur. Each of the 50 documents features a brief introduction that provides basic and essential information such as who created it as well as when, where, and why. The work concludes with an analysis comprised of scholarly commentary, additional contextual information, and a list of questions that will serve as a springboard for student discussion of history and of the nature of survival in the face of evil. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Rwandan Women Rising Swanee Hunt, 2017-05-18 In the spring of 1994, the tiny African nation of Rwanda was ripped apart by a genocide that left nearly a million dead. Neighbors attacked neighbors. Family members turned against their own. After the violence subsided, Rwanda's women—drawn by the necessity of protecting their families—carved out unlikely new roles for themselves as visionary pioneers creating stability and reconciliation in genocide's wake. Today, 64 percent of the seats in Rwanda's elected house of Parliament are held by women, a number unrivaled by any other nation. While news of the Rwandan genocide reached all corners of the globe, the nation's recovery and the key role of women are less well known. In Rwandan Women Rising, Swanee Hunt shares the stories of some seventy women—heralded activists and unsung heroes alike—who overcame unfathomable brutality, unrecoverable loss, and unending challenges to rebuild Rwandan society. Hunt, who has worked with women leaders in sixty countries for over two decades, points out that Rwandan women did not seek the limelight or set out to build a movement; rather, they organized around common problems such as health care, housing, and poverty to serve the greater good. Their victories were usually in groups and wide ranging, addressing issues such as rape, equality in marriage, female entrepreneurship, reproductive rights, education for girls, and mental health. These women's accomplishments provide important lessons for policy makers and activists who are working toward equality elsewhere in Africa and other postconflict societies. Their stories, told in their own words via interviews woven throughout the book, demonstrate that the best way to reduce suffering and to prevent and end conflicts is to elevate the status of women throughout the world. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Women and Genocide Elissa Bemporad, Joyce W. Warren, 2018-04-10 Front Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Memory, Body, and Power: Women and the Study of Genocide -- 1. The Gendered Logics of Indigenous Genocide -- 2. Women and the Herero Genocide -- 3. Arshaluys Mardigian/Aurora Mardiganian: Absorption, Stardom, Exploitation, and Empowerment -- 4. Hyphenated Identities during the Holodomor: Women and Cannibalism -- 5. Gender: A Crucial Tool in Holocaust Research -- 6. German Women and the Holocaust in the Nazi East -- 7. No Shelter to Cry In: Romani Girls and Responsibility during the Holocaust -- 8. Birangona: Rape Survivors Bearing Witness in War and Peace in Bangladesh -- 9. Very Superstitious: Gendered Punishment in Democratic Kampuchea, 1975-1979 -- 10. Sexual Violence as a Weapon during the Guatemalan Genocide -- 11. Gender and the Military in Post-Genocide Rwanda -- 12. Narratives of Survivors of Srebrenica: How Do They Reconnect to the World? -- 13. The Plight and Fate of Females During and Following the Darfur Genocide -- 14. Grassroots Women's Participation in Addressing Conflict and Genocide: Case Studies from the Middle East North Africa Region and Latin America -- Selected Bibliography: Further Readings -- Index -- Back Cover |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Totally Unofficial Dan Eshet, 2007 This case study highlighting the story of Raphael Lemkin challenges everyone to think deeply about what it will take for individuals, groups, and nations to take up Lemkin's challenge. To make this material accessible for classrooms, this resource includes several components: an introduction by Genocide scholar Omer Bartov; a historical case study on Lemkin and his legacy; questions for student reflection; suggested resources; a series of lesson plans using the case study; and a selection of primary source documents. Born in 1900, Raphael Lemkin, devoted most of his life to a single goal: making the world understand and recognize a crime so horrific that there was not even a word for it. Lemkin took a step toward his goal in 1944 when he coined the word genocide which means the destruction of a nation or an ethnic group. He said he had created the word by combining the ancient Greek word genos (race, tribe) and the Latin cide (killing). In 1948, three years after the concentration camps of World War ii had been closed forever, the newly formed United Nations used this new word in a treaty that was intended to prevent any future genocides. Lemkin died a decade later. He had lived long enough to see his word widely accepted and also to see the United Nations treaty, called the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide adopted by many nations. But, sadly, recent history reminds everyone that laws and treaties are not enough to prevent genocide. Individual sections contain footnotes. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Conspiracy to Murder Linda Melvern, 2020-05-05 Conspiracy to Murder is a gripping account of the Rwandan genocide, one of the most appalling events of the twentieth century. Linda Melvern's damning indictment of almost all the key figures and institutions involved amounts to a catalogue of failures that only serves to sharpen the horror of a tragedy that could have been avoided. |
| rwandan genocide primary source: Whispering Truth to Power Susan Thomson, 2013-11-26 For 100 days in 1994, genocide engulfed Rwanda. Since then, many in the international community have praised the country's postgenocide government for its efforts to foster national unity and reconciliation by downplaying ethnic differences and promoting one Rwanda for all Rwandans. Examining how ordinary rural Rwandans experience and view these policies, Whispering Truth to Power challenges the conventional wisdom on postgenocide Rwanda. Susan Thomson finds that many of Rwanda's poorest citizens distrust the local officials charged with implementing the state program and believe that it ignores the deepest problems of the countryside: lack of land, jobs, and a voice in policies that affect lives and livelihoods. Based on interviews with dozens of Rwandan peasants and government officials, this book reveals how the nation's disenfranchised poor have been engaging in everyday resistance, cautiously and carefully—whispering their truth to the powers that be. This quiet opposition, Thomson argues, suggests that some of the nation's most celebrated postgenocide policies have failed to garner the grassroots support needed to sustain peace. “Reveals the lengths [to which] the current government has gone to restructure all spaces of Rwandan society, and how Rwandans continue to resist this state interference in their everyday lives.”—Ethnic and Racial Studies “Thomson’s elegant research is praiseworthy and her arguments are forthright. . . . This important publication will be of great value to scholars of Rwanda and genocide as well as students of reconciliation politics and transitional justice.”—Human Rights Quarterly “Sobering and disturbing. . . . The peasant peoples’ resistance to official policies of national unity and reconciliation emerged because these national schemes do not reflect the peasants’ own lived realities and experiences of state power, genocide, and day-to-day living within their communities. Instead, these official policies disrupt everyday life and endanger existing networks of mutual support and dependence.”—Canadian Journal of Development Studies Outstanding Academic Title, Choice Magazine |
BRITISH STATE COMPLICITY IN GENOCIDE: RWANDA 1994 - JSTOR
Rwandan genocide and capture the nature of complicity of global elite bystanders to genocide. There are two key points of law relating to global elite bystander complicity in genocide that are …
Rwandan Genocide, 1994 - World Without Genocide
Decades of discrimination and fear for a loss of power paved the way to genocide. The Hutu-led government provided arms, planning, and leadership for the militias. It also funded the RTLM …
Rwandan Genocide Primary Sources (2024) - archive.ncarb.org
Rwandan Genocide Primary Sources: Rwandan Genocide Alexis Herr,2023 This important reference work offers students an accessible overview of the Rwandan Genocide with more …
International Decision-Making in the Age of Genocide: Rwanda …
3 Apr 2015 · Executive Summary. ion of the Rwandan genocide involving the major international players. Participants included the architects of the 1993 Arusha peace agreement, the …
Explaining the 1994 genocide in Rwanda - EUR
introduction. By 1994, Tutsi in Rwanda, much like Jews in Nazi Germany, were ‘socially dead’ people, whose murder was as acceptable as it became common. (Uvin 1997: 113) …
Propaganda and Conflict: Theory and Evidence from the Rwandan …
The Rwandan Genocide was a nation-wide extermination campaign led by the country™s government and members of the Hutu political elite against the Tutsi ethnic minority, which …
The Media as a Tool of War: Propaganda in the Rwandan Genocide
The Rwandan genocide serves as a stark reminder how little the international community has learnt from the horrors of the Holocaust; in view of not only the vast crimes committed, but the …
Prejudice, Crisis, and Genocide in Rwanda - JSTOR
Prejudice, Crisis, and Genocide in Rwanda Peter Uvin From 7 April, 1994, onwards, a well planned and massively executed genocide began in Rwanda, which led to the brutal slaughter …
The Rwandan Genocide and Western Media: French, British, and …
25 Jul 2019 · The Rwandan Genocide occurred between April and July of 1994. Within those four months, approximately a million Tutsi were brutally murdered by the Hutu in an effort to …
Readings of the Rwandan Genocide - JSTOR
scholars have taken a fresh look at the issue of external intervention (or the. lack thereof) in the Rwandan genocide and have unearthed new evidence that clearly suggests that Belgium, …
The Rwandan Genocide and the Media: A Two-Stage Analysis of …
1 Dec 2023 · The Rwandan genocide exhibited a faster rate of killing than any genocide in recent history, taking place over 100 days; however, at the time of its occurrence, it was relatively …
Rwanda and Darfur: A Comparative Analysis - University of South …
The article presents a comparative analysis of genocide in Rwanda and Darfur. The first half of the article examines the patterns and origins of violence in both cases and uses the …
Their Genocide and Ours: International Influence in 1994 Rwanda
The international community, collectively in the form of various organizations and states, influenced the genocide both by abandoning Rwanda in its time of need, as well as contributing …
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
Rwandan Civil War (1990-1994), enter negotiations and accept the terms of the Arusha Accords (1993), end the Rwandan Genocide (1994), and dominate the current Rwandan government. …
Rwanda lasting imprints of a genocide: trauma, mental health and ...
Rwanda lasting imprints of a genocide: trauma, mental health and psychosocial conditions in survivors, former prisoners and their children. Heide Rieder* and Thomas Elbert. Abstract. …
An Oral and Documentary History of the Darfur Genocide; We …
9 Aug 2021 · lections use interview data to effectively demonstrate that the human turmoil that took place in Rwanda and Sudan was motivated by an overarching theme of genocidal intent, …
2 A history of conflict: The Rwandan civil war and genocide
1 Dec 2009 · Rwandan civil war and genocide. According to a provincial census carried out by the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization in late 1994, approximately 10,000 Twa died …
Development Ideology, the Peasantry and Genocide: Rwanda …
genocide. The main thesis of P. Uvin is that the developmental process in Rwanda humiliated, frustrated and infantilized the Rwandan peasant. He offers interesting insights and reflections …
The Rwandan genocide and its aftermath - UNHCR
addition to the 800,000 victims of the genocide and the two million refugees outside Rwanda, some 1.5 million people were internally displaced. Out of a population of seven million, over half had been directly affected. The stage was set for a new phase of the Rwandan tragedy.
BRITISH STATE COMPLICITY IN GENOCIDE: RWANDA 1994 - JSTOR
Rwandan genocide and capture the nature of complicity of global elite bystanders to genocide. There are two key points of law relating to global elite bystander complicity in genocide that are of relevance to this article. Firstly, external bystanders to genocide are liable to charges of complicity in genocide should they fail to
The 1994 Rwandan Genocide: The Religion/Genocide Nexus, …
First, I propose nexuses of religion and genocide via the typologies of othering, justification, and authorization, and second, I explore the distal (indirect) and proximate (direct) influence of religion on genocidal sexual violence guided by the three aforementioned typologies.
Rwandan Genocide, 1994 - World Without Genocide
Decades of discrimination and fear for a loss of power paved the way to genocide. The Hutu-led government provided arms, planning, and leadership for the militias. It also funded the RTLM “Hutu Power” radio broadcast, the primary source of “brainwashing” for the Rwandan civilians who also took part in the genocide.
Rwandan Genocide Primary Sources (2024) - archive.ncarb.org
Rwandan Genocide Primary Sources: Rwandan Genocide Alexis Herr,2023 This important reference work offers students an accessible overview of the Rwandan Genocide with more than 100 detailed articles by leading scholars on an array of topics and themes and 20 key
International Decision-Making in the Age of Genocide: Rwanda …
3 Apr 2015 · Executive Summary. ion of the Rwandan genocide involving the major international players. Participants included the architects of the 1993 Arusha peace agreement, the leadership of the UN peacekeeping force known as UNAMIR, and four former members of the UN Securit.
Explaining the 1994 genocide in Rwanda - EUR
introduction. By 1994, Tutsi in Rwanda, much like Jews in Nazi Germany, were ‘socially dead’ people, whose murder was as acceptable as it became common. (Uvin 1997: 113) Understanding why they died is the best and most fitting memorial we can raise for the victims.
Propaganda and Conflict: Theory and Evidence from the Rwandan Genocide
The Rwandan Genocide was a nation-wide extermination campaign led by the country™s government and members of the Hutu political elite against the Tutsi ethnic minority, which resulted in 500,000-1,000,000 civilian deaths and reduced
The Media as a Tool of War: Propaganda in the Rwandan Genocide
The Rwandan genocide serves as a stark reminder how little the international community has learnt from the horrors of the Holocaust; in view of not only the vast crimes committed, but the abject inaction to prevent a genocide which had “ one of the highest casualty rates of
Prejudice, Crisis, and Genocide in Rwanda - JSTOR
Prejudice, Crisis, and Genocide in Rwanda Peter Uvin From 7 April, 1994, onwards, a well planned and massively executed genocide began in Rwanda, which led to the brutal slaughter of up to one million defenseless children, women and men. This genocide was the culmination of a four year period during which civil war and
The Rwandan Genocide and Western Media: French, British, and …
25 Jul 2019 · The Rwandan Genocide occurred between April and July of 1994. Within those four months, approximately a million Tutsi were brutally murdered by the Hutu in an effort to cleanse the country of a Tutsi presence. The genocide was the culmination of decades of unrest between
Readings of the Rwandan Genocide - JSTOR
scholars have taken a fresh look at the issue of external intervention (or the. lack thereof) in the Rwandan genocide and have unearthed new evidence that clearly suggests that Belgium, France, the U.S. and the UN all share some degree of moral and political responsibility in the terrible events of. 1994.
The Rwandan Genocide and the Media: A Two-Stage Analysis of …
1 Dec 2023 · The Rwandan genocide exhibited a faster rate of killing than any genocide in recent history, taking place over 100 days; however, at the time of its occurrence, it was relatively ignored by the international community.
Rwanda and Darfur: A Comparative Analysis - University of South …
The article presents a comparative analysis of genocide in Rwanda and Darfur. The first half of the article examines the patterns and origins of violence in both cases and uses the comparison to generate some theoretical inferences about the causes of genocide.
Their Genocide and Ours: International Influence in 1994 Rwanda
The international community, collectively in the form of various organizations and states, influenced the genocide both by abandoning Rwanda in its time of need, as well as contributing to factors leading to the genocide.
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
Rwandan Civil War (1990-1994), enter negotiations and accept the terms of the Arusha Accords (1993), end the Rwandan Genocide (1994), and dominate the current Rwandan government. During the early years of the exile, many refugees hoped for international involvement to solve
Rwanda lasting imprints of a genocide: trauma, mental health and ...
Rwanda lasting imprints of a genocide: trauma, mental health and psychosocial conditions in survivors, former prisoners and their children. Heide Rieder* and Thomas Elbert. Abstract. Background: raumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors and former prisoners accused of participation in the genocide as well as in their respectiv. Methods:
An Oral and Documentary History of the Darfur Genocide; We …
9 Aug 2021 · lections use interview data to effectively demonstrate that the human turmoil that took place in Rwanda and Sudan was motivated by an overarching theme of genocidal intent, perhaps the most useful concept for distinguishing genocide from war crimes.
2 A history of conflict: The Rwandan civil war and genocide
1 Dec 2009 · Rwandan civil war and genocide. According to a provincial census carried out by the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization in late 1994, approximately 10,000 Twa died during the genocide, another 8,000 to 10,000 fled, resulting in a remaining population of only 10,000 to 20,000 people.
Development Ideology, the Peasantry and Genocide: Rwanda …
genocide. The main thesis of P. Uvin is that the developmental process in Rwanda humiliated, frustrated and infantilized the Rwandan peasant. He offers interesting insights and reflections on the relationship between this developmental process and …
