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| private equity fund economics: Private Equity in Action Claudia Zeisberger, Michael Prahl, Bowen White, 2017-06-09 Global Best Practice in Private Equity Investing Private Equity in Action takes you on a tour of the private equity investment world through a series of case studies written by INSEAD faculty and taught at the world's leading business schools. The book is an ideal complement to Mastering Private Equity and allows readers to apply core concepts to investment targets and portfolio companies in real-life settings. The 19 cases illustrate the managerial challenges and risk-reward dynamics common to private equity investment. The case studies in this book cover the full spectrum of private equity strategies, including: Carve-outs in the US semiconductor industry (LBO) Venture investing in the Indian wine industry (VC) Investing in SMEs in the Middle East Turnaround situations in both emerging and developed markets Written with leading private equity firms and their advisors and rigorously tested in INSEAD's MBA, EMBA and executive education programmes, each case makes for a compelling read. As one of the world's leading graduate business schools, INSEAD offers a global educational experience. The cases in this volume leverage its international reach, network and connections, particularly in emerging markets. Private Equity in Action is the companion to Mastering Private Equity: Transformation via Venture Capital, Minority Investments & Buyouts, a reference for students, investors, finance professionals and business owners looking to engage with private equity firms. From deal sourcing to exit, LBOs to responsible investing, operational value creation to risk management, Mastering Private Equity systematically covers all facets of the private equity life cycle. |
| private equity fund economics: Private Equity Douglas Cumming, 2009-12-31 A comprehensive look at the private equity arena With private equity differing from other asset classes, it requires a whole new approach for those trained in more traditional investments such as stocks and bonds. But with the right guidance, you can gain a firm understanding of everything private equity has to offer. This reliable resource provides a comprehensive view of private equity by describing the current state of research and best practices in this arena. Issues addressed include the structure of private equity funds and fundraising, the financial and real returns of private equity, and the structure of private equity investments with investees, to name a few. Discusses the role of private equity in today's financial environment Provides international perspectives on private equity Details the regulation of private equity markets Filled with in-depth insights and expert advice, this book will provide you with a better understanding of private equity structures and put you in a better position to measure and analyze their performance. |
| private equity fund economics: Private Equity Funds James M. Schell, Pamela Lawrence Endreny, Kristine M. Koren, 2023-08-28 The best guide to private equity funds. Insight and explanations for both fund sponsors and investors. The gold standard. --Andrew Zalasin, General Partner and CFO: RRE Ventures Best Practices for Organizing and Managing a Fund With nearly $7 trillion invested in more than 20,000 funds, investor interest in the private equity industry has returned, despite the economic turmoil of recent years. Still, guidance about the organization and administration of these funds is tough to find. This 1,400+ page resource, will equip corporate lawyers, investment professionals, and tax practitioners and with best practices to manage these funds effectively. Private Equity Funds: Business Structure and Operations covers a wide range of important issues, such as: the key economic differences between various types of funds; structuring the private equity fund to meet economic expectations and investment goals; securing maximum tax benefits for the sponsor of the fund; duties of the fund's General Partner and Investment Advisor; the major regulatory issues affecting the private equity fund; and much more. Private Equity Funds: Business Structure and Operations reflects the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007 to 2009. The authors also focus on cyber risk and the compliance obligations of investment advisers. |
| private equity fund economics: The Performance of Private Equity Funds Ludovic Phalippou, 2010 The performance of private equity funds as reported by industry associations and previous research is overstated. A large part of performance is driven by inflated accounting valuation of ongoing investments and we find a bias toward better performing funds in the data. We find an average net-of-fees fund performance of 3% per year below that of the Samp;P 500. Adjusting for risk brings the underperformance to 6% per year. We estimate fees to be 6% per year. We discuss several misleading aspects of performance reporting and some side benefits as a first step toward an explanation. |
| private equity fund economics: Raising Capital for Private Equity Funds Heather M. Stone, 2009 Raising Capital for Private Equity Funds is an authoritative, insiders perspective on key strategies for raising private equity capital in a changing legal environment. |
| private equity fund economics: Private Equity at Work Eileen Appelbaum, Rosemary Batt, 2014-03-31 Private equity firms have long been at the center of public debates on the impact of the financial sector on Main Street companies. Are these firms financial innovators that save failing businesses or financial predators that bankrupt otherwise healthy companies and destroy jobs? The first comprehensive examination of this topic, Private Equity at Work provides a detailed yet accessible guide to this controversial business model. Economist Eileen Appelbaum and Professor Rosemary Batt carefully evaluate the evidence—including original case studies and interviews, legal documents, bankruptcy proceedings, media coverage, and existing academic scholarship—to demonstrate the effects of private equity on American businesses and workers. They document that while private equity firms have had positive effects on the operations and growth of small and mid-sized companies and in turning around failing companies, the interventions of private equity more often than not lead to significant negative consequences for many businesses and workers. Prior research on private equity has focused almost exclusively on the financial performance of private equity funds and the returns to their investors. Private Equity at Work provides a new roadmap to the largely hidden internal operations of these firms, showing how their business strategies disproportionately benefit the partners in private equity firms at the expense of other stakeholders and taxpayers. In the 1980s, leveraged buyouts by private equity firms saw high returns and were widely considered the solution to corporate wastefulness and mismanagement. And since 2000, nearly 11,500 companies—representing almost 8 million employees—have been purchased by private equity firms. As their role in the economy has increased, they have come under fire from labor unions and community advocates who argue that the proliferation of leveraged buyouts destroys jobs, causes wages to stagnate, saddles otherwise healthy companies with debt, and leads to subsidies from taxpayers. Appelbaum and Batt show that private equity firms’ financial strategies are designed to extract maximum value from the companies they buy and sell, often to the detriment of those companies and their employees and suppliers. Their risky decisions include buying companies and extracting dividends by loading them with high levels of debt and selling assets. These actions often lead to financial distress and a disproportionate focus on cost-cutting, outsourcing, and wage and benefit losses for workers, especially if they are unionized. Because the law views private equity firms as investors rather than employers, private equity owners are not held accountable for their actions in ways that public corporations are. And their actions are not transparent because private equity owned companies are not regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Thus, any debts or costs of bankruptcy incurred fall on businesses owned by private equity and their workers, not the private equity firms that govern them. For employees this often means loss of jobs, health and pension benefits, and retirement income. Appelbaum and Batt conclude with a set of policy recommendations intended to curb the negative effects of private equity while preserving its constructive role in the economy. These include policies to improve transparency and accountability, as well as changes that would reduce the excessive use of financial engineering strategies by firms. A groundbreaking analysis of a hotly contested business model, Private Equity at Work provides an unprecedented analysis of the little-understood inner workings of private equity and of the effects of leveraged buyouts on American companies and workers. This important new work will be a valuable resource for scholars, policymakers, and the informed public alike. |
| private equity fund economics: Venture Capital and Private Equity Contracting Douglas J. Cumming, Sofia A. Johan, 2013-08-21 Other books present corporate finance approaches to the venture capital and private equity industry, but many key decisions require an understanding of the ways that law and economics work together. This revised and updated 2e offers broad perspectives and principles not found in other course books, enabling readers to deduce the economic implications of specific contract terms. This approach avoids the common pitfalls of implying that contractual terms apply equally to firms in any industry anywhere in the world. In the 2e, datasets from over 40 countries are used to analyze and consider limited partnership contracts, compensation agreements, and differences in the structure of limited partnership venture capital funds, corporate venture capital funds, and government venture capital funds. There is also an in-depth study of contracts between different types of venture capital funds and entrepreneurial firms, including security design, and detailed cash flow, control and veto rights. The implications of such contracts for value-added effort and for performance are examined with reference to data from an international perspective. With seven new or completely revised chapters covering a range of topics from Fund Size and Diseconomies of Scale to Fundraising and Regulation, this new edition will be essential for financial and legal students and researchers considering international venture capital and private equity. - An analysis of the structure and governance features of venture capital contracts - In-depth study of contracts between different types of venture capital funds and entrepreneurial firms - Presents international datasets from over 40 countries around the world - Additional references on a companion website - Contains sample contracts, including limited partnership agreements, term sheets, shareholder agreements, and subscription agreements |
| private equity fund economics: International Private Equity Eli Talmor, Florin Vasvari, 2011-06-24 Bringing a unique joint practitioner and academic perspective to the topic, this is the only available text on private equity truly international in focus. Examples are drawn from Europe the Middle East, Africa and America with major case studies from a wide range of business sectors, from the prestigious collection of the London Business School’s Coller Institute of Private Equity. Much more than a simple case book, however, International Private Equity provides a valuable overview of the private equity industry and uses the studies to exemplify all stages of the deal process, and to illustrate such key topics as investing in emerging markets; each chapter guides the reader with an authoritative narrative on the topic treated. Covering all the main aspects of the private equity model, the book includes treatment of fund raising, fund structuring, fund performance measurement, private equity valuation, due diligence, modeling of leveraged buyout transactions, and harvesting of private equity investments. |
| private equity fund economics: Advanced Introduction to Private Equity Gompers, Paul A., Kaplan, Steven N., 2022-08-12 This Advanced Introduction provides an illustrative guide to private equity, integrating insights from academic research with examples to derive practical recommendations. Paul Gompers and Steven Kaplan begin by reviewing the history of private equity then exploring the evidence on performance of private equity investments at both the portfolio company level and fund level, documenting the creation of economic value. The book then presents a set of actionable frameworks for driving value creation in private equity investments. It concludes by examining how private equity investors raise funds and how they successfully manage their private equity firms. |
| private equity fund economics: The Investment Game in Private Equity Mika Lehtimäki, 2022-05-02 In The Investment Game in Private Equity, Mika Lehtimäki discusses the legal relationship between investors and managers of private equity funds and sets out a game-theoretical framework for evaluating the role of regulation and contract in asset management. |
| private equity fund economics: Institutional Investor Activism William W. Bratton, Joseph McCahery, 2015 Over the past two decades, activist investors have begun to play an increasingly important role in corporate governance around the world. This book analyses the impact of activists on the companies that they invest, the effects on shareholders and on activists funds themselves. |
| private equity fund economics: Beyond the J Curve Thomas Meyer, Pierre-Yves Mathonet, 2005-08-12 In recent times, venture capital and private equity funds have become household names, but so far little has been written for the investors in such funds, the so-called limited partners. There is far more to the management of a portfolio of venture capital and private equity funds than usually perceived. Beyond the J Curve describes an innovative toolset for such limited partners to design and manage portfolios tailored to the dynamics of this market place, going far beyond the typical and often-simplistic recipe to 'go for top quartile funds'. Beyond the J Curve provides the answers to key questions, including: Why 'top-quartile' promises should be taken with a huge pinch of salt and what it takes to select superior fund managers? What do limited partners need to consider when designing and managing portfolios? How one can determine the funds' economic value to help addressing the questions of 'fair value' under IAS 39 and 'risk' under Basel II or Solvency II? Why is monitoring important, and how does a limited partner manage his portfolio? How the portfolio's returns can be improved through proper liquidity management and what to consider when over-committing? And, why uncertainty rather than risk is an issue and how a limited partner can address and benefit from the fast changing private equity environment? Beyond the J Curve takes the practitioner's view and offers private equity and venture capital professionals a comprehensive guide making high return targets more realistic and sustainable. This book is a must have for all parties involved in this market, as well as academic and students. |
| private equity fund economics: Venture Capital and Private Equity Contracting Douglas J. Cumming, Sofia A. Johan, 2009-04-02 Other books present corporate finance approaches to the VC/PE industry, but many key decisions require an understanding of the ways that law and economics work together. Venture Capital and Private Equity Contracting is better than straight corporate finance textbooks because it offers broad perspectives and principles that enable readers to deduce the economic implications of specific contract terms. This approach avoids the common pitfalls of implying that contractual terms apply equally to firms in any industry anywhere in the world. - Explores the economic implications of contract terms for start-up firms in various industries - Pairs international data with explanations and examples about differences in VC and PE national and regional markets - Contains sample contracts, including limited partnership agreements, term sheets, shareholder agreements, and subscription agreements - Presents international datasets on limited partnership agreements between institutional investors and VC and PE funds |
| private equity fund economics: How Venture Capital Works Phillip Ryan, 2012-07-01 Explanations to the inner workings of one of the least understood, but arguably most important, areas of business finance is offered to readers in this engaging volume: venture capital. Venture capitalists provide necessary investment to seed (or startup) companies, but the startup is only the beginning, there is much more to be explored. These savvy investors help guide young entrepreneurs, who likely have little experience, to turn their businesses into the Googles, Facebooks, and Groupons of the world. This book explains the often-complex methods venture capitalists use to value companies and to get the most return on their investments, or ROI. This book is a must-have for any reader interested in the business world. |
| private equity fund economics: The Oxford Handbook of Private Equity Douglas Cumming, 2012-03-22 This Handbook provides a comprehensive picture of the issues surrounding the structure, governance, and performance of private equity. |
| private equity fund economics: Portfolio Strategies of Private Equity Firms Ulrich Lossen, 2007-12-22 Ulrich Lossen explores the trade-off between diversification and specialization in private equity funds. In a first step, he analyzes the influence of external factors on the choice of private equity firms to diversify their portfolios across different dimensions, such as financing stages, industries, and geographic regions. Then, he examines the impact of diversification on private equity funds’ performance. |
| private equity fund economics: Getting a Job in Private Equity Brian Korb, Aaron Finkel, 2008-11-10 If you're seriously considering a career in private equity, you have to become familiar with how firms hire. With Getting a Job in Private Equity, you'll gain invaluable insights that will allow you to stay one step ahead of other individuals looking to secure a position in this field. Here, you'll discover what it takes to make it in PE from different entry points, what experience is needed to set yourself up for a position, and what can be done to improve your chances of landing one of these limited opportunities. |
| private equity fund economics: Two and Twenty Sachin Khajuria, 2022-06-14 The first true insider’s account of private equity, revealing what it takes to thrive among the world’s hungriest dealmakers “Brilliant . . . eloquently takes readers inside the heroic world of private equity . . . [an] essential read.”—Forbes ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR: Next Big Idea Club Private equity was once an investment niche. Today, the wealth controlled by its leading firms surpasses the GDP of some nations. Private equity has overtaken investment banking—and well-known names like Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley—as the premier destination for ambitious financial talent, as well as the investment dollars of some of the world’s largest pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, and endowments. At the industry’s pinnacle are the firms’ partners, happy to earn “two and twenty”—that is, a flat yearly fee of 2 percent of a fund’s capital, on top of 20 percent of the investment spoils. Private equity has succeeded in near-stealth—until now. In Two and Twenty, Sachin Khajuria, a former partner at Apollo, gives readers an unprecedented view inside this opaque global economic engine, which plays a vital role underpinning our retirement systems. From illuminating the rituals of firms’ all-powerful investment committees to exploring key precepts (“think like a principal, not an advisor”), Khajuria brings the traits, culture, and temperament of the industry’s leading practitioners to life through a series of vivid and unvarnished deal sketches. Two and Twenty is an unflinching examination of the mindset that drives the world’s most aggressive financial animals to consistently deliver market-beating returns. |
| private equity fund economics: Introduction to Private Equity, Debt and Real Assets Cyril Demaria, 2020-06-15 Fully revised and updated to reflect changes in the private equity sector Building on and refining the content of previous editions, Introduction to Private Equity, Debt and Real Assets, Third Edition adopts the same logical, systematic, factual and long-term perspective on private markets (private equity, private debt and private real assets) combining academic rigour with extensive practical experience. The content has been fully revised to reflect developments and innovations in private markets, exploring new strategies, changes in structuring and the drive of new regulations. New sections have been added, covering fund raising and fund analysis, portfolio construction and risk measurement, as well as liquidity and start-up analysis. In addition, private debt and private real assets are given greater focus, with two new chapters analysing the current state of these evolving sectors. • Reflects the dramatic changes that have affected the private market industry, which is evolving rapidly, internationalizing and maturing fast • Provides a clear, synthetic and critical perspective of the industry from a professional who has worked at many levels within the industry • Approaches the private markets sector top-down, to provide a sense of its evolution and how the current situation has been built • Details the interrelations between investors, funds, fund managers and entrepreneurs This book provides a balanced perspective on the corporate governance challenges affecting the industry and draws perspectives on the evolution of the sector. |
| private equity fund economics: Mastering Private Equity Claudia Zeisberger, Michael Prahl, Bowen White, 2017-08-07 The definitive guide to private equity for investors and finance professionals Mastering Private Equity was written with a professional audience in mind and provides a valuable and unique reference for investors, finance professionals, students and business owners looking to engage with private equity firms or invest in private equity funds. From deal sourcing to exit, LBOs to responsible investing, operational value creation to risk management, the book systematically distils the essence of private equity into core concepts and explains in detail the dynamics of venture capital, growth equity and buyout transactions. With a foreword by Henry Kravis, Co-Chairman and Co-CEO of KKR, and special guest comments by senior PE professionals. This book combines insights from leading academics and practitioners and was carefully structured to offer: A clear and concise reference for the industry expert A step-by-step guide for students and casual observers of the industry A theoretical companion to the INSEAD case book Private Equity in Action: Case Studies from Developed and Emerging Markets Features guest comments by senior PE professionals from the firms listed below: Abraaj • Adams Street Partners • Apax Partners • Baring PE Asia • Bridgepoint • The Carlyle Group • Coller Capital • Debevoise & Plimpton LLP • FMO • Foundry Group • Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer • General Atlantic • ILPA • Intermediate Capital Group • KKR Capstone • LPEQ • Maxeda • Navis Capital • Northleaf Capital • Oaktree Capital • Partners Group • Permira • Terra Firma |
| private equity fund economics: Investment Banks, Hedge Funds, and Private Equity David P. Stowell, 2012-09-01 The dynamic environment of investment banks, hedge funds, and private equity firms comes to life in David Stowell's introduction to the ways they challenge and sustain each other. Capturing their reshaped business plans in the wake of the 2007-2009 global meltdown, his book reveals their key functions, compensation systems, unique roles in wealth creation and risk management, and epic battles for investor funds and corporate influence. Its combination of perspectives—drawn from his industry and academic backgrounds—delivers insights that illuminate the post-2009 reinvention and acclimation processes. Through a broad view of the ways these financial institutions affect corporations, governments, and individuals, Professor Stowell shows us how and why they will continue to project their power and influence. - Emphasizes the needs for capital, sources of capital, and the process of getting capital to those who need it - Integrates into the chapters ten cases about recent transactions, along with case notes and questions - Accompanies cases with spreadsheets for readers to create their own analytical frameworks and consider choices and opportunities |
| private equity fund economics: Funds Matthew Hudson, 2014-03-31 Investment funds are the driving force behind much global private economic development, and yet the world of investment funds can be complex and confusing. Funds: Private Equity, Hedge and All Core Structures is a practical introductory guide to the legal and commercial context in which funds are raised and invest their money, with examinations of the tax and regulatory background, and an analysis of the key themes and trends that the funds industry face following the financial crisis. The book looks at asset classes, investor return models, the commercial and legal pressures driving different structures and key global jurisdictions for both fund establishment and making investments. It also contains a comprehensive analysis of fund managers, from remuneration, best practice through to regulation. The book is written for readers from all backgrounds, from students or newcomers to the industry to experienced investors looking to branch out into alternative asset classes, or existing asset managers and their advisers wanting to know more about the structures elsewhere within the industry. |
| private equity fund economics: Corporate Governance and Responsible Investment in Private Equity Simon Witney, 2021-01-07 Private equity-backed companies are ubiquitous and economically significant. Consequently, the corporate governance of these companies matters to all of us, and – not surprisingly – is coming under increasing scrutiny. Simon Witney, a practicing private equity lawyer, positions private equity portfolio companies within existing academic theory and examines the laws that apply to them in the UK. He analyses the actual governance frameworks that are put in place and identifies problems created by the legal rules – as well as the market's solutions to them. This book not only explains why these governance mechanisms are established, but also what they are expected to achieve. Witney suggests that private equity owners have both the incentives and the capability to focus on responsible investment practices. Good governance, he argues, is a critical success factor for the private equity industry. |
| private equity fund economics: Investors in Private Equity Funds Daniel Hobohm, 2010-01-14 Daniel Hobohm analyses investments by international investors in private equity and venture capital funds over the last two decades. He compares different investor types in their fund preferences, home bias and investor responses to market shocks. |
| private equity fund economics: Private Equity 4.0 Benoît Leleux, Hans van Swaay, Esmeralda Megally, 2015-03-30 “Private equity is more economically significant than ever, as institutions hunt for high returns in a risky world. Private Equity 4.0 examines the role, workings and contribution of this important industry in a straightforward yet revealing manner.” Dr. Josh Lerner Jacob H. Schiff Professor of Investment Banking Chair, Entrepreneurial Management Unit Harvard Business School A multi-perspective look at private equity's inner workings Private Equity 4.0 provides an insider perspective on the private equity industry, and analyzes the fundamental evolution of the private equity asset class over the past 30 years, from alternative to mainstream. The book provides insightful interviews of key industry figures, and case studies of some of the success stories in the industry. It also answers key questions related to strategy, fund manager selection, incentive mechanisms, performance comparison, red flags in prospectuses, and more. Private Equity 4.0 offers guidance for the many stakeholders that could benefit from a more complete understanding of this special area of finance. Understand the industry's dominant business models Discover how value is created and performance measured Perform a deep dive into the ecosystem of professionals that make the industry hum, including the different incentive systems that support the industry's players Elaborate a clear set of guidelines to invest in the industry and deliver better performance Written by a team of authors that combine academic and industry expertise to produce a well-rounded perspective, this book details the inner workings of private equity and gives readers the background they need to feel confident about committing to this asset class. Coverage includes a historical perspective on the business models of the three major waves of private equity leading to today's 4.0 model, a detailed analysis of the industry today, as well as reflections on the future of private equity and prospective futures. It also provides readers with the analytical and financial tools to analyze a fund's performance, with clear explanations of the mechanisms, organizations, and individuals that make the system work. The authors demystify private equity by providing a balanced, but critical, review of its contributions and shortcomings and moving beyond the simplistic journalistic descriptions. Its ecosystem is complex and not recognizing that complexity leads to inappropriate judgments. Because of its assumed opacity and some historical deviant (and generally transient) practices, it has often been accused of evil intents, making it an ideal scapegoat in times of economic crisis, prodding leading politicians and regulators to intervene and demand changes in practices. Unfortunately, such actors were often responding to public calls for action rather than a thorough understanding of the factors at play in this complex interdependent system, doing often more harm than good in the process and depriving economies of one of their most dynamic and creative forces. Self-regulation has clearly shown its limits, but righteous political interventions even more so. Private equity investment can be a valuable addition to many portfolios, but investors need a clear understanding of the forces at work before committing to this asset class. With detailed explanations and expert insights, Private Equity 4.0 is a comprehensive guide to the industry ways and means that enables the reader to capture its richness and sustainability. |
| private equity fund economics: Venture Capital, Private Equity, and the Financing of Entrepreneurship Josh Lerner, Ann Leamon, 2023-05-02 In the newly revised second edition of Venture Capital, Private Equity, and the Financing of Entrepreneurship, a dedicated team of researchers and professionals delivers an authoritative and comprehensive account of the world of active investing. This important work demonstrates how venture capitalists and private equity investors do business and create value for entrepreneurs, shareholders, and other stakeholders. The authors, drawing on decades of combined experience studying and participating in the private equity markets, discuss the players, dynamics, and the incentives that drive the industry. They also describe various possibilities for the future development of private equity. This latest edition is perfect for advanced undergraduate students of finance and business, as well as MBA students seeking an insightful and accessible textbook describing the private equity markets. |
| private equity fund economics: Private Equity Harold Kent Baker, Greg Filbeck, Halil Kiymaz, 2015 During the past few decades, private equity (PE) has attracted considerable attention from investors, practitioners, and academicians. In fact, a substantial literature on PE has emerged. PE offers benefits for institutional and private wealth management clients including diversification and enhancement of risk-adjusted returns. However, several factors such as liquidity concerns, regulatory restrictions, and the lack of transparency limit the attractiveness of some PE options to investors. The latest volume in the Financial Markets and Investments Series, Private Equity: Opportunities and Risks offers a synthesis of the theoretical and empirical literature on PE in both emerging and developed markets. Editors H. Kent Baker, Greg Filbeck, Halil Kiymaz and their co-authors examine PE and provide important insights about topics such as major types of PE (venture capital, leveraged buyouts, mezzanine capital, and distressed debt investments), how PE works, performance and measurement, uses and structure, and trends in the market. Readers can gain an in-depth understanding about PE from academics and practitioners from around the world. Private Equity: Opportunities and Risks provides a fresh look at the intriguing yet complex subject of PE. A group of experts takes readers through the core topics and issues of PE, and also examines the latest trends and cutting-edge developments in the field. The coverage extends from discussing basic concepts and their application to increasingly complex and real-world situations. This new and intriguing examination of PE is essential reading for anyone hoping to gain a better understanding of PE, from seasoned professionals to those aspiring to enter the demanding world of finance. |
| private equity fund economics: J-Curve Exposure Pierre-Yves Mathonet, Thomas Meyer, 2008-07-31 Building on the success of the author’s previous book Beyond the J Curve:Managing a Portfolio of Venture Capital and Private Equity Funds, this work covers new and additional material and offers advanced guidance on the practical questions faced by institutions when setting up and managing a successful private equity investment programme. Written from the practitioner’s viewpoint, the book offers private equity and venture capital professionals an advanced guide that will make high return targets more realistic and sustainable. Factors that can sometimes cause institutions to shy away from venture capital are the industry’s opaque track record, unclear valuations and risks, perceived lack of transparency as well as the significant entry barriers to overcome before tangible results show. These issues are all addressed in details with practical solutions to the problems. Among other topics J-Curve Exposure includes discussions of: Experiences with the adoption of the International Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation Guidelines to address fair value under IFRS. Approaches for splitting and prioritizing distributions from private equity funds. Techniques for track record analysis and other tools to help limited partners in their due diligence. Approaches to dealing with uncertainty, the relevance of real options, and co-investments and side funds as advanced portfolio management techniques. Questions related to limited partner decision making fallacies and how to manage portfolios of VC funds. Securitization backed by portfolios of investments in private equity funds. Real life case studies illustrate the issues relevant for the practitioner. |
| private equity fund economics: Private Equity Demystified John Gilligan, Mike Wright, 2020-11-04 This book deals with risk capital provided for established firms outside the stock market, private equity, which has grown rapidly over the last three decades, yet is largely poorly understood. Although it has often been criticized in the public mind as being short termist and having adverse consequences for employment, in reality this is far from the case. Here, John Gilligan and Mike Wright dispel some of the biggest myths and misconceptions about private equity. The book provides a unique and authoritative source from a leading practitioner and academic for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers that explains in detail what private equity involves and reviews systematic evidence of what the impact of private equity has been. Written in a highly accessible style, the book takes the reader through what private equity means, the different actors involved, and issues concerning sourcing, checking out, valuing, and structuring deals. The various themes from the systematic academic evidence are highlighted in numerous summary vignettes placed alongside the text that discuss the practical aspects. The main part of the work concludes with an up-to-date discussion by the authors, informed commentators on the key issues in the lively debate about private equity. The book further contains summary tables of the academic research carried out over the past three decades across the private equity landscape including: the returns to investors, economic performance, impact on R&D and employees, and the longevity and life-cycle of private equity backed deals. |
| private equity fund economics: Private Equity Paul Gompers, Victoria Ivashina, Richard Ruback, 2019-03-15 ’Private Equity’ is an advanced applied corporate finance book with a mixture of chapters devoted to exploring a range of topics from a private equity investor’s perspective. The goal is to understand why and which practices are likely to deliver sustained profitability in the future. The book is a collection of cases based on actual investment decisions at different stages for process tackled by experienced industry professionals. The majority of the chapters deal with growth equity and buyout investments. However, a range of size targets and investments in different geographical markets are covered as well. These markets include several developed economies and emerging markets like China, Russia, Turkey, Egypt and Argentina. This compilation of cases is rich in institutional details, information about different markets, and segments of the industry as well as different players and their investment practices – it is a unique insight into the key alternative asset class. |
| private equity fund economics: The Founder's Dilemmas Noam Wasserman, 2013-04 The Founder's Dilemmas examines how early decisions by entrepreneurs can make or break a startup and its team. Drawing on a decade of research, including quantitative data on almost ten thousand founders as well as inside stories of founders like Evan Williams of Twitter and Tim Westergren of Pandora, Noam Wasserman reveals the common pitfalls founders face and how to avoid them. |
| private equity fund economics: PIPE Investments of Private Equity Funds: The Temptation of Public Equity Investments to Private Equity Firms Bernhard S„rve, 2013 Usually, private equity firms take control of firms which are privately held, and tend to act hidden. But, in recent years, the rising phenomenon of private investments in publicly listed companies, so-called PIPEs, could be observed. At first, this seems to be inconsistent but, it could become a perfect way to generate good returns. This book gives an overview about the PIPE market, and then focuses on the role of private equity funds. How do they invest in publicly listed firms? And what are their motivations? Is the overall performance of PIPE deals superior to those of traditional private deals? PIPE deals have much in common with typical venture capital deals with regard to the young and high-risk nature of target companies, and the minority ownership position. Surprisingly, buyout funds are relatively more engaged in PIPEs than venture funds are. The author analyzes deal sizes, industry sectors, holding periods, IRRs and multiples of public deals, and comparable private deals with a unique data sample on transaction level. Finally, he discusses other possible motives for private equity firms to engage in these deals: improved liquidity, fast process of deal execution, access to certain markets, avoidance of takeover premiums and the thesis of an escape-strategy for surplus investment money. |
| private equity fund economics: Inside Private Equity James M. Kocis, James C. Bachman, IV, Austin M. Long, III, Craig J. Nickels, 2009-04-20 Inside Private Equity explores the complexities of this asset class and introduces new methodologies that connect investment returns with wealth creation. By providing straightforward examples, it demystifies traditional measures like the IRR and challenges many of the common assumptions about this asset class. Readers take away a set of practical measures that empower them to better manage their portfolios. |
| private equity fund economics: The Economics of the Private Equity Market George W. Fenn, 1995 |
| private equity fund economics: Private Equity Investments in Emerging Markets Benjamin Heckmann, 2009-08-31 Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 2,0, University of Münster (International Management), course: Seminar International Finance, language: English, abstract: The paper deals with Private Equity Investments in Emerging Markets. This asset class is associated with attractive opportunities and appropriate risk-adjusted returns. The Private Equity industry in Emerging Markets showed strong growth over the last few years – after a period of disappointment and unmet expectations. Private Equity is a primary source of equity for small and medium sized companies. It is associated with higher default risk but offers the opportunity to receive higher returns. One special characteristic is the provision of ‘smart money’, the integration of investment banking and management consultancy. The environment of Emerging Markets is challenging. The term refers to capital markets in developing countries with outstanding growth opportunities. 35 countries from Latin America, Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Middle East and Africa belong to the group of Emerging Markets. These markets are characterised by weak legal institutions, political and economic risk, dysfunctional capital markets and a low standard of corpo-rate governance. The combination of the high risk asset class Private Equity with the high risk environment of Emerging Markets results in high risk investments. But the superior return op-portunities attract more and more investors. After a period of disappointment and setbacks – due to an inappropriate approach – at the beginning of the 21st century this asset class took off. Fundraising figures from 2003 to 2006 are increasing strongly and the investors expect the growth to continue. The macroeconomic environment, the legal framework and the quality of capital markets are the main determinants for Emerging Markets Private Equity. The introduction of good corporate governance is essential for the provision of a hospitable investment climate. If the legal framework is weak, efficient governance structures can serve as a substitute. Intensive due diligence, monitoring, involvement, networks, diversification and exiting are the key success factors for Private Equity firms engaging in Emerging Markets. With an appropriate adjustment of the strategy, risk can be mitigated and the investment is likely to be successful. Emerging Markets Private Equity can be beneficial for both the investors and the entrepreneurs. Especially small and medium sized enterprises and family-owned companies in Emerging Markets benefit from this source of equity while investors receive potential extraordinary returns and diversify their portfolio. |
| private equity fund economics: Venture Capital Hambleton Lord, Christopher Mirabile, 2018-04-04 Written by two of Boston's most active and experienced early stage investors, Venture Capital: A Practical Guide to Fund Formation and Management is a handbook and desk reference written for fund managers who are launching new venture capital funds, and those who aspire to start funds in the near future. Experience has taught us there is more to running a successful venture fund than finding companies and hoping for big exits. In this book, we will discuss: 7 Critical Questions That All Venture Fund Managers Need To Consider - What are the key factors to consider in defining your fund's investment strategy? - How do you go about raising capital for your fund? - What are some of the biggest challenges faced by a fund manager? - How do you structure a fund from both a legal and accounting standpoint? - What types of skills do you need on your fund's management team? - What are the economics behind running a fund? - How should a fund manager report fund activity and results to the fund stakeholders (i.e. investors or Limited Partners)? Running an early stage venture fund can be interesting and rewarding work. But setting up and managing an investment fund takes significant time and effort. Given the relatively long life cycle of a startup company investment -- typically 10+ years before a successful investor outcome -- fund managers must be willing to commit their time and effort for at least a decade. Not everyone is willing to commit at that level. Whether you are thinking about setting up a new fund or already managing an active fund, make sure you know what the best practices are in fund management. This book will help you grasp the magnitude of the effort and determine whether you have what it takes to be successful. |
| private equity fund economics: Private Equity as an Asset Class Guy Fraser-Sampson, 2010-05-17 Unfairly reviled, and much misunderstood, private equity differs from all other asset classes in various important respects, not least the way in which its fund mechanisms operate, and the way in which its returns are recorded and analysed. Sadly, high level asset allocation decisions are frequently made on the basis of prejudice and misinformation, rather than a proper appreciation of the facts. Guy Fraser-Sampson draws upon more than twenty years of experience of the private equity industry to provide a practical guide to mastering the intricacies of this highly specialist asset class. Aimed equally at investors, professionals and business school students, it starts with such fundamental questions as ’what is private equity?’ and progresses to detailed consideration of different types of private equity activity such as venture capital and buyout. Rapid and significant changes in the environment during the recent financial crisis have prompted the need for a new edition. Separate chapters have been added on growth and development capital, as well as secondary investing. Newly emergent issues are considered, such as lengthening holding periods and the possible threat of declining returns. Particular problems, such as the need to distinguish between private equity and hedge funds, are addressed. The glossary has also been expanded. In short, readers will find that this new edition takes their understanding of the asset class to new heights. Key points include: A glossary of private equity terms Venture capital Buyout Growth capital Development capital Secondary investing Understanding private equity returns Analysing funds and returns How to plan a fund investment programme Detailed discussion of industry performance figures |
| private equity fund economics: Lessons from Private Equity Any Company Can Use Orit Gadiesh, Hugh Macarthur, 2008-02-07 Private equity firms are snapping up brand-name companies and assembling portfolios that make them immense global conglomerates. They're often able to maximize investor value far more successfully than traditional public companies. How do PE firms become such powerhouses? Learn how, in Lessons from Private Equity Any Company Can Use. Bain chairman Orit Gadiesh and partner Hugh MacArthur use the concise, actionable format of a memo to lay out the five disciplines that PE firms use to attain their edge: · Invest with a thesis using a specific, appropriate 3-5-year goal · Create a blueprint for change--a road map for initiatives that will generate the most value for your company within that time frame · Measure only what matters--such as cash, key market intelligence, and critical operating data · Hire, motivate, and retain hungry managers--people who think like owners · Make equity sweat--by making cash scarce, and forcing managers to redeploy underperforming capital in productive directions This is the PE formulate for unleashing a company's true potential. |
| private equity fund economics: Patient Capital Victoria Ivashina, Josh Lerner, 2021-04-13 How to overcome barriers to the long-term investments that are essential for solving the world’s biggest problems There has never been a greater need for long-term investments to tackle the world’s most difficult problems, such as climate change, human health, and decaying infrastructure. And it is increasingly unlikely that the public sector will be willing or able to fill this gap. If these critical needs are to be met, the major pools of long-term, patient capital—including pensions, sovereign wealth funds, university endowments, and wealthy individuals and families—will have to play a large role. In this accessible and authoritative account of long-term capital investment, two leading experts on the subject, Victoria Ivashina and Josh Lerner, highlight the significant hurdles facing long-term investors and propose concrete ways to overcome these difficulties. |
| private equity fund economics: Putting Purpose Into Practice Colin Mayer, Bruno Roche, 2021 This is the first book to provide a precise description of how companies can put purpose into practice. Based on groundbreaking research undertaken between Oxford University and Mars Catalyst, it offers an accessible account of why corporate purpose is so important and how it can be implemented to address the major challenges the world faces today. |
Private Equity Funds - Debevoise & Plimpton
Private Equity Funds: Key Business, Legal and Tax Issues INTRODUCTION1 This outline discusses key business, legal and tax issues to be considered in the formation of a private …
Section i Private equity overview - Wiley
Chapter 1. Private Equity Essentials: This chapter defines the traditional limited partnership fund model, specifically the players involved, a fund’s investment lifecycle, and typical fund …
Private Equity Funds in Norway - Norsk Venturekapitalforening
Norwegian private equity funds The Activity Report 2021 is developed for the Norwegian Venture Capital & Private Equity Association (NVCA) by Menon Economics and PEREP Analytics …
Side-By-Side Comparison of Key Independent Sponsor and …
a private equity fund or private equity professional would view it – as a platform or as one of many similar investments. Independent Sponsors generally consider ... venture capital style …
What Drives Private Equity Fund Performance? - Empirical …
University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics and Econometrics, Finance group, 11 Roerterstraat, 1018 Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 20 525 4153, Email: l.phalippou …
What Drives Private Equity Returns? – Fund Inflows, Skilled …
Private Equity has recently faced an increasing public awareness in Europe. From an economic perspective the allegedly positive impact of venture capital (VC) and private equity (PE) on …
Economic contribution of the US private equity sector in 2022
20 Apr 2023 · collateral. The private equity fund generates returns on its investment by maximizing profits net of interest expenses and payments of the debt principal. A successful …
Pay for Performance from Future Fund Flows: The Case of Private Equity
Third Canadian Conference on the Economics of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, and the WFA 201 1 Meeting. ... between performance and future fund-raising in private equity, and to …
The Disintermediation of Financial Markets: Direct Investing in Private ...
The economics of direct investments Traditionally, institutional investors make private equity investments by committing capital to private equity funds. ... compensation that private equity …
International Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation …
Valuing “fund of funds” –interests in another fund Last reported NAV of underlying interest/fund can be the starting point (as long as that NAV considers the fair value of investments) If …
Economic contribution of the US private equity sector in 2020
13 May 2021 · collateral. The private equity fund generates returns on its investment by maximizing profits net of interest expenses and payments of the debt principal. A successful …
The regulation of the private equity fund in South Africa
applied a regulatory approach to the private equity fund (fund),1 funds in the Republic of South Africa (South Africa) are not subject to specific regulations or legislation and no government …
Introductory Guide to Investing in Private Equity Secondaries - CAIA
Private equity funds are typically organized as limited partnerships, to which investors – also commonly referred to as Limited Partners or LPs – commit capital over the course of a …
Information Asymmetries in Private Equity: Reporting Frequency ...
Private equity (PE) funds are sophisticated financial inter-mediaries investing in relatively high-risk, illiquid securities in private companies on behalf of their investors, or limited partners …
A Theory of Liquidity in Private Equity - events.bse.eu
Sorensen et al.(2014) also investigate the illiquidity cost of private equity to in-vestors { i.e. the required excess return for investing in private rather than public equity { in a dynamic portfolio …
Private Equity: The Missing Pillar in Your Portfolio? - Bernstein
— Private Equity — US Stocks 20 Year CAGR: 13.6% 20 Year CAGR: 9.6% 4.0% Premium As of September 30, 2023. Past performance does not guarantee future results. US Stocks are …
The private equity J-Curve: cash flow considerations from primary …
Investors should expect a greater return from private equity than from public equity investments due to illiquidity and a long-term commitment. In contrast to public ... flows later in the …
A Primer for Today’s Secondary Private Equity Market - Blackstone
Equity Market STRATEGIC PARTNERS FUND SOLUTIONS, FALL 2017 VERDUN PERRY, SENIOR MANAGING DIRECTOR AND CO-HEAD OF STRATEGIC PARTNERS ... “The …
PART III: SEARCH FUND ECONOMICS - alyeskaintl.com
PART III: SEARCH FUND ECONOMICS OVERVIEW The basic economics for entrepreneurs and investors in search funds are determined primarily by two major factors: the structure of the …
Introduction to Private Equity - Wiley Online Library
Private equity can be described as ‘investments in private companies in privately negotiated transactions’. This means that private equity is an asset class that is normally opaque, illiquid …
Front-running in Private Equity – Conflicts of Interests Among Fund ...
necessary and access to a private equity fund manager and its network can provide the necessary local market intel-ligence. With private equity fund investment increasingly ... side …
A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO PRIVATE EQUITY FUND …
Partner, Private Equity 1. Drawing on decades of private equity market experience, we have developed a machine-driven scoring tool to substantiate our human decision-making in the …
general partner carry economics – an overview - Proskauer Rose
6 Fund Structures 2007 Carried interest economics need to take into account the dynamics of the group, the investment strategy and the incentives the private equity firm wishes to create, …
Private Equity Fund Terms Research - ILPA
Private Equity Fund Terms report, published by the MJ Hudson LP Unit. COntEntS SECtiOn 1 4 ummary S and Overview of Report Findings SECtiOn 2 8 Priatve Equity ... ECOnOMiCS GP …
Investments by Canadians in Private Equity Funds: Primary and …
The authors consider an investment in a private equity fund, whether established in Canada or abroad, from the perspective of a Canadian investor, and they ... the economics will be …
Spotlight on Continuation Funds - Kirkland & Ellis LLP
refresh fund economics ... Source: Coller Capital Global Private Equity Barometer, Winter 2021 –2022 and Jeffries Global Secondary Market Review, January 2022 IMPLICATIONS OF THE …
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PAY NOW OR PAY LATER?
11 Dec 2014 · The Economics within the Private Equity Partnership Victoria Ivashina and Josh Lerner NBER Working Paper No. 22660 September 2016 ... fund economics to individual …
Introduction to Institutional Investor Activism: Hedge Funds …
15. Hedge Fund Regulation and Corporate Governance Douglas Cumming, Na Dai and Sofia A. Johan 16. The Limits of EU Hedge Fund Regulation Dan Awrey 17. Recasting Private Equity …
Risk Measurement Guidelines - Invest Europe
private equity funds dried up at the same time asmargin calls increased and redemptions were suspended by hedge funds and similar vehicles. Confronted with significant unfunded …
Private Equity Performance: Returns, Persistence, and Capital …
mutual fund and hedge fund investors, private equity investors have propri-etary access to particular transactions; that is, “proprietary deal flow.” In other ... There is a growing literature …
Historical Distributions of IRR in Private Equity - Wall Street Oasis
A private equity fund-of-funds partnership that had access to the top 10-20% of funds in ... Venture Economics (using the VentureXpert database). This organization reports net cash-on …
Aberdeen Private Equity Global Fund of Funds plc Annual Report …
31 Jul 2020 · Aberdeen Private Equity Global Fund of Funds plc – D Shares First close 27 June 2014 Final close 30 March 2016 Reporting currency US dollar ... (FSI/IBEC). Gerald has a …
Private Equity Fund Distribution Waterfalls - Duane Morris
Private Equity Fund Distribution Waterfalls David Sussman June 2014 . www.duanemorris.com Key Concepts Relating to PE Distributions • Carried Interest • Preferred Returns • Examples • …
Private Equity Performance Measurement - BVCA
9 Apr 2015 · Private equity is an asset class with the potential to generate sustained, long-term outperformance for its investors, and is a key component of many investors’ portfolios. ... cash …
Glossary of Venture Capital and Private Equity Terms - DWF Group
Private Equity (PE) and Venture Capital (VC) are dynamic and rapidly evolving industries that play a crucial role in fostering innovation, ... A financial metric representing the total market value of …
THE PERFORMANCE OF REAL ESTATE PRIVATE EQUITY …
private equity funds. The paper will explain what a real estate private equity fund is, its structure and the key considerations accounted for during its establishment. Thereafter, the various …
The Economics of the Private Equity Market - Dallas Fed
The private equity market is an important source of funds for start-ups, private middle-market companies, firms in financial distress, ... SOURCES: Venture Economics; Fenn, Liang, and …
THE PERFORMANCE OF REAL ESTATE PRIVATE EQUITY …
private equity funds. The paper will explain what a real estate private equity fund is, its structure and the key considerations accounted for during its establishment. Thereafter, the various …
Exploring the impact of private equity on economic growth in Europe
US, 1993–2002 Private equity positively affects firm starts, with up to 10 further companies being created directly as a result of the creation of a new private equity-backed company.
Private Equity Primer: An Introduction to Private Equity Basics
What Is Private Equity? Private equity (PE) can be defined as equity or equity-like investments made into private companies or assets (i.e., not publicly traded or listed on a stock exchange). …
Venture Capital and Other Private Equity: A Survey - National …
private equity fund managers and their portfolio companies. Both VC and BO funds are organized as closed-end, finite-life limited partnerships, with fund managers serving as general partners …
Currency Risk Management Survey - globalprivatecapital.org
process. For example, a limited partner that commits to a foreign-currency denominated private equity fund will be affected between the date the commitment is made, and when the …
Skill and Luck in Private Equity Performance
Skill and luck in private equity performanceI Arthur Kortewega,, Morten Sorensenb aMarshall School of Business, University of Southern California, USA bCopenhagen Business School, …
Private Equity Fund Formation - text2fa.ir
Fund economics, including fund fees and expenses. "!Fundraising and fund closings, and the principal legal documents involved. "! ... The sponsor of a private equity fund typically creates …
Private Equity Portfolio Company Fees - Pompeu Fabra University
transaction and monitoring fees, quantifies those fees, and studies their variation across fund managers, business cycles, and company type. In addition, we attempt to reconcile these fee …
FUNDAMENTALS OF PRIVATE EQUITY FUND FORMATION
Private Investment Funds Practice attorney. About Morgan Lewis’s Private Investment Funds Practice Morgan Lewis has one of the nation’s largest private investment fund practices and is …
Private Equity Buyouts in Healthcare: Who Wins, Who Loses?
1555; Todd Shryock. 2019. “Private Equity in Healthcare,” Medical Economics . 96(22). November 12. ... When an investment fund sponsored by a private equity firm buys an established, …
NB Private Markets Access Fund - Neuberger Berman
generally seek to deploy and distribute capital efficiently with attractive economics •Invests alongside experienced private equity firms, in their core areas of expertise, ... Private equity …
Technical Report: Study on Private Equity in Agribusiness in …
The study presents a comprehensive analysis of international private equity funds with significant investment or planned investment in agriculture and agribusiness in Southern Africa. These …
KPMG Internal Audit 2015: Top 10 considerations for private equity …
nature of fund operations, revenue models and investor relations. In addition, the competition for portfolio company investments has increased, resulting in the need to refine the investment …
