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| puerto rico slavery history: Sugar, Slavery, and Freedom in Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico Luis A. Figueroa, 2006-05-18 The contributions of the black population to the history and economic development of Puerto Rico have long been distorted and underplayed, Luis A. Figueroa contends. Focusing on the southeastern coastal region of Guayama, one of Puerto Rico's three leading centers of sugarcane agriculture, Figueroa examines the transition from slavery and slave labor to freedom and free labor after the 1873 abolition of slavery in colonial Puerto Rico. He corrects misconceptions about how ex-slaves went about building their lives and livelihoods after emancipation and debunks standing myths about race relations in Puerto Rico. Historians have assumed that after emancipation in Puerto Rico, as in other parts of the Caribbean and the U.S. South, former slaves acquired some land of their own and became subsistence farmers. Figueroa finds that in Puerto Rico, however, this was not an option because both capital and land available for sale to the Afro-Puerto Rican population were scarce. Paying particular attention to class, gender, and race, his account of how these libertos joined the labor market profoundly revises our understanding of the emancipation process and the evolution of the working class in Puerto Rico. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico Francisco Antonio Scarano, 1984 |
| puerto rico slavery history: Slave Families and the Hato Economy in Puerto Rico David M. Stark, 2017-05-24 Scholarship on slavery in the Caribbean frequently emphasizes sugar and tobacco production, but this unique work illustrates the importance of the region’s hato economy—a combination of livestock ranching, foodstuff cultivation, and timber harvesting—on the living patterns among slave communities. David Stark makes use of extensive Catholic parish records to provide a comprehensive examination of slavery in Puerto Rico and across the Spanish Caribbean. He reconstructs slave families to examine incidences of marriage, as well as birth and death rates. The result are never-before-analyzed details on how many enslaved Africans came to Puerto Rico, where they came from, and how their populations grew through natural increase. Stark convincingly argues that when animal husbandry drove much of the island’s economy, slavery was less harsh than in better-known plantation regimes geared toward crop cultivation. Slaves in the hato economy experienced more favorable conditions for family formation, relatively relaxed work regimes, higher fertility rates, and lower mortality rates. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Slave Traffic in the Age of Abolition Joseph C. Dorsey, 2003 Impressive. . . . Some of the book's most salient contributions are the conclusions about the origins of the slaves, the relative importance of the Caribbean trade vis-a-vis the African trade, comparisons between Cuba and Puerto Rico, and the inner workings of the slave trade. In all these areas the author offers fresh perspectives based on new materials.--Luis Martinez-Fernandez, Rutgers University Drawing on archival sources from six countries, Joseph Dorsey examines the role of Puerto Rico in slave acquisitions after the traffic in slaves was outlawed. He delineates the differences between Puerto Rican and non-Puerto Rican traffic, from procurement in West Africa to influx into the Caribbean, and he scrutinizes the tactics--including inter-Caribbean traffic and conflation of African and Creole identities--by which Puerto Rican interest groups avoided abolitionist scrutiny. He also identifies the extent to which Spain supported these operations. Dorsey reconstructs the slave trade in Puerto Rico, devoting special attention to the maritime logistics of slave acquisitions--in particular the West African corridors and the nuances of inter-Caribbean assistance. He examines the evidence for the true origins of these slave populations and considers forces beyond European and American politics that influenced the flow of slaves. He explains the complex conditions of the Upper Guinea coast and illustrates the impact of social, political, and economic forces endemic to West African affairs on the Puerto Rican slave market. Dorsey's meticulous pursuit of evidence unearths the routes and institutions that brought thousands of slaves from West Africa into the eastern Caribbean, turning them into creoles in official records. In a radical departure from present Puerto Rican historiography, he demonstrates that Puerto Rico was an active participant in the illegal slave traffic and exerted a great deal of control over numerous components of the acquisition process, without exclusive dependence on the larger slave-trading polities such as Cuba and Brazil. Joseph C. Dorsey is associate professor of history and African-American studies at Purdue University. |
| puerto rico slavery history: The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 3, AD 1420-AD 1804 David Eltis, Stanley L. Engerman, Keith R. Bradley, Paul Cartledge, Seymour Drescher, 2011-07-25 The various manifestations of coerced labour between the opening up of the Atlantic world and the formal creation of Haiti. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Empire and Antislavery Christopher Schmidt-Nowara, 1999 In 1872, there were more than 300,000 slaves in Cuba and Puerto Rico. Though the Spanish government had passed a law for gradual abolition in 1870, slaveowners, particularly in Cuba, clung tenaciously to their slaves as unfree labour was at the core of the colonial economies. Moreover, the Spanish bourgeoisie was deeply implicated in colonial slavery as Spain was the last European power to abolish the slave trade and bonded labour in the Americas. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Slave Revolts in Puerto Rico Guillermo A. Baralt, 2007 From the emergence of the first sugar plantations up until 1873, when slavery was abolished, the wealth amassed by many landowners in Puerto Rico derived mainly from the exploitation of slaves. But slavery generated its antithesis: disobedience, conspiracies, uprisings, and flight. Slave Revolts in Puerto Rico is a richly documented volume dealing with these expressions of collective resistance. The image of the docile and submissive slave presented by the prevailing historiography until very recently is no longer valid. Documents uncovered by Guillermo A. Baralt provide evidence of over forty uprising attempts, as detailed in this fascinating book. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Between Slavery and Free Labor Manuel Moreno Fraginals, Frank Moya Pons, Stanley L. Engerman, 1985 |
| puerto rico slavery history: Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico Francisco Antonio Scarano, 1984 |
| puerto rico slavery history: Troubling Freedom Natasha Lightfoot, 2015-11-19 In 1834 Antigua became the only British colony in the Caribbean to move directly from slavery to full emancipation. Immediate freedom, however, did not live up to its promise, as it did not guarantee any level of stability or autonomy, and the implementation of new forms of coercion and control made it, in many ways, indistinguishable from slavery. In Troubling Freedom Natasha Lightfoot tells the story of how Antigua's newly freed black working people struggled to realize freedom in their everyday lives, prior to and in the decades following emancipation. She presents freedpeople's efforts to form an efficient workforce, acquire property, secure housing, worship, and build independent communities in response to elite prescriptions for acceptable behavior and oppression. Despite its continued efforts, Antigua's black population failed to convince whites that its members were worthy of full economic and political inclusion. By highlighting the diverse ways freedpeople defined and created freedom through quotidian acts of survival and occasional uprisings, Lightfoot complicates conceptions of freedom and the general narrative that landlessness was the primary constraint for newly emancipated slaves in the Caribbean. |
| puerto rico slavery history: The Caribbean Stephan Palmié, Francisco A. Scarano, 2013-01-29 An “illuminating” survey of Caribbean history from pre-Columbian times to the twenty-first century (Los Angeles Times). Combining fertile soils, vital trade routes, and a coveted strategic location, the islands and surrounding continental lowlands of the Caribbean were one of Europe’s earliest and most desirable colonial frontiers. The region was colonized over the course of five centuries by a revolving cast of Spanish, Dutch, French, and English forces, who imported first African slaves and later Asian indentured laborers to help realize the economic promise of sugar, coffee, and tobacco. The Caribbean: A History of the Region and Its Peoples offers an authoritative one-volume survey of this complex and fascinating region. This groundbreaking work traces the Caribbean from its pre-Columbian state through European contact and colonialism to the rise of U.S. hegemony and the economic turbulence of the twenty-first century. The volume begins with a discussion of the region’s diverse geography and challenging ecology and features an in-depth look at the transatlantic slave trade, including slave culture, resistance, and ultimately emancipation. Later sections treat Caribbean nationalist movements for independence and struggles with dictatorship and socialism, along with intractable problems of poverty, economic stagnation, and migrancy. Written by a distinguished group of contributors, The Caribbean is an accessible yet thorough introduction to the region’s tumultuous heritage which offers enough nuance to interest scholars across disciplines. In its breadth of coverage and depth of detail, it will be the definitive guide to the region for years to come. Praise for The Caribbean “The editors of this volume have successfully assembled a survey of historical and contemporary issues which serves as an excellent introductory text for newcomers to the region, as well as a resource for more experienced researchers searching for a concise reference to any historical period.” —Journal of Caribbean History “This collection provides an engaging introduction to the history of a region defined by centuries of colonial domination and popular struggle. In these essays readers will recognize the Caribbean as a garden of social catastrophe and a grim incubator of modern global capitalism, as well as of people’s continuous attempts to resist, endure, or adapt to it. Scholars and students will find it to be a very useful handbook for current thinking on a vital topic.” —Vincent Brown, professor of history and of African and African American studies, Duke University |
| puerto rico slavery history: Policing Life and Death Marisol LeBrón, 2019-04-16 In her exciting new book, Marisol LeBrón traces the rise of punitive governance in Puerto Rico over the course of the twentieth century and up to the present. Punitive governance emerged as a way for the Puerto Rican state to manage the deep and ongoing crises stemming from the archipelago’s incorporation into the United States as a colonial territory. A structuring component of everyday life for many Puerto Ricans, police power has reinforced social inequality and worsened conditions of vulnerability in marginalized communities. This book provides powerful examples of how Puerto Ricans negotiate and resist their subjection to increased levels of segregation, criminalization, discrimination, and harm. Policing Life and Death shows how Puerto Ricans are actively rejecting punitive solutions and working toward alternative understandings of safety and a more just future. |
| puerto rico slavery history: War Against All Puerto Ricans Nelson A Denis, 2015-04-07 The powerful, untold story of the 1950 revolution in Puerto Rico and the long history of U.S. intervention on the island, that the New York Times says could not be more timely. In 1950, after over fifty years of military occupation and colonial rule, the Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico staged an unsuccessful armed insurrection against the United States. Violence swept through the island: assassins were sent to kill President Harry Truman, gunfights roared in eight towns, police stations and post offices were burned down. In order to suppress this uprising, the US Army deployed thousands of troops and bombarded two towns, marking the first time in history that the US government bombed its own citizens. Nelson A. Denis tells this powerful story through the controversial life of Pedro Albizu Campos, who served as the president of the Nationalist Party. A lawyer, chemical engineer, and the first Puerto Rican to graduate from Harvard Law School, Albizu Campos was imprisoned for twenty-five years and died under mysterious circumstances. By tracing his life and death, Denis shows how the journey of Albizu Campos is part of a larger story of Puerto Rico and US colonialism. Through oral histories, personal interviews, eyewitness accounts, congressional testimony, and recently declassified FBI files, War Against All Puerto Ricans tells the story of a forgotten revolution and its context in Puerto Rico's history, from the US invasion in 1898 to the modern-day struggle for self-determination. Denis provides an unflinching account of the gunfights, prison riots, political intrigue, FBI and CIA covert activity, and mass hysteria that accompanied this tumultuous period in Puerto Rican history. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Generations of Captivity Ira Berlin, 2004-09-30 Ira Berlin traces the history of African-American slavery in the United States from its beginnings in the seventeenth century to its fiery demise nearly three hundred years later. Most Americans, black and white, have a singular vision of slavery, one fixed in the mid-nineteenth century when most American slaves grew cotton, resided in the deep South, and subscribed to Christianity. Here, however, Berlin offers a dynamic vision, a major reinterpretation in which slaves and their owners continually renegotiated the terms of captivity. Slavery was thus made and remade by successive generations of Africans and African Americans who lived through settlement and adaptation, plantation life, economic transformations, revolution, forced migration, war, and ultimately, emancipation. Berlin's understanding of the processes that continually transformed the lives of slaves makes Generations of Captivity essential reading for anyone interested in the evolution of antebellum America. Connecting the Charter Generation to the development of Atlantic society in the seventeenth century, the Plantation Generation to the reconstruction of colonial society in the eighteenth century, the Revolutionary Generation to the Age of Revolutions, and the Migration Generation to American expansionism in the nineteenth century, Berlin integrates the history of slavery into the larger story of American life. He demonstrates how enslaved black people, by adapting to changing circumstances, prepared for the moment when they could seize liberty and declare themselves the Freedom Generation. This epic story, told by a master historian, provides a rich understanding of the experience of African-American slaves, an experience that continues to mobilize American thought and passions today. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Spain and the Abolition of Slavery in Cuba, 1817–1886 Arthur F. Corwin, 2014-10-23 This book explores the abolition of African slavery in Spanish Cuba from 1817 to 1886—from the first Anglo-Spanish agreement to abolish the slave trade until the removal from Cuba of the last vestige of black servitude. Making extensive use of heretofore untapped research sources from the Spanish archives, the author has developed new perspectives on nineteenth-century Spanish policy in Cuba. He skillfully interrelates the problem of slavery with international politics, with Cuban conservative and liberal movements, and with political and economic developments in Spain itself. Arthur Corwin finds that the study of this problem falls naturally into two phases, the first of which, 1817–1860, traces the gradual reduction of the African traffic to the Spanish Antilles and constitutes, in effect, a study in Anglo-Spanish diplomacy. He gives special attention here to the aggressive nature of British abolitionist diplomacy and the mounting but generally ineffective indignation resulting from Spanish failure to apply sanctions against the traffic, as well as the increasing North American interest in the annexation of Cuba. The first phase has for its principal theme the manner in which for decades Spain feigned compliance with agreements to end the slave trade while actually protecting slaveholding interests as the best means of holding Cuba. The American Civil War, which destroyed the greatest bulwark of black slavery in the New World, marked the opening of a new phase, 1860–1886. The author strongly emphasizes here such influences as the rise of the Creole reform movement in Cuba and Puerto Rico, which, reading the signs of the times, gave the initial impulse to a Spanish abolitionist movement and contributed to closing the Cuban slave trade in 1866; the liberal revolution of 1868 in Spain and its promise of colonial reforms; the outbreak of the great Creole rebellion in Cuba, 1868–1878, and the abolitionist promises of the rebel chieftains; the threat of American intervention and the abolitionist pressure of American diplomacy; and the protests of the Spanish reactionaries in Spain and Cuba, leading to further procrastination in Madrid. The second phase has as its principal theme the shaping, through all these intertwined factors, of Spain’s first measure of gradual emancipation, the Moret Law of 1870, and all subsequent steps toward abolition. |
| puerto rico slavery history: The Decline and Abolition of Negro Slavery in Venezuela, 1820-1854. John Lombardi, 1971-05-11 |
| puerto rico slavery history: Our Lady of the Night Mayra Santos-Febres, 2009-07-28 From internationally-acclaimed novelist Mayra Santos-Febres comes a carnal, epic novel about the life of Isabel “La Negra” Luberza--a legendary Puerto Rican madam who, by the end of World War II, became the most powerful woman on the island. Born into poverty and then abandoned by her mother, Isabel La Negra Luberza blossoms into a supremely sensual young woman. Obsessed with attaining aristocratic status—armed with incredible physical presence, indomitable ambition, and keen intelligence—she meets Fernando Fornarís, the man who will forever change her life. With a parcel of land given to her by her rich, white married lover, Isabel transforms herself into a hard-edged and merciless businesswoman—abandoning her own newborn son to become Puerto Rico's most feared and respected madam, a collector of society's secrets, a queen of the notorious brothel that emerges as the island's true political and economic heart. Set against the rich backdrop of the Caribbean and the United States during the tumultuous years of World War II, Mayra Santos-Febres's Our Lady of the Night is a breathtaking novel of passion, power, and the devastating price of achieving everything one wishes for. |
| puerto rico slavery history: The Trial of the Cannibal Dog Anne Salmond, 2003-01-01 The extraordinary story of Captain Cook's encounters with the Polynesian Islanders is retold here in bold, vivid style, capturing the complex (and sometimes sexual) relationships between the explorers and the Islanders as well as the unresolved issues that led to Cook's violent death on the shores of Hawaii. (History) |
| puerto rico slavery history: Saltwater Slavery Stephanie E. Smallwood, 2009-06-30 This bold, innovative book promises to radically alter our understanding of the Atlantic slave trade, and the depths of its horrors. Stephanie E. Smallwood offers a penetrating look at the process of enslavement from its African origins through the Middle Passage and into the American slave market. Saltwater Slavery is animated by deep research and gives us a graphic experience of the slave trade from the vantage point of the slaves themselves. The result is both a remarkable transatlantic view of the culture of enslavement, and a painful, intimate vision of the bloody, daily business of the slave trade. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Seams of Empire Carlos Alamo-Pastrana, 2019-04-08 “A truly excellent contribution that unearths new and largely unknown evidence about relationships between Puerto Ricans and African-Americans and white Americans in the continental United States and Puerto Rico. Alamo-Pastrana revises how race is to be studied and understood across national, cultural, colonial, and hierarchical cultural relations.”—Zaire Zenit Dinzey-Flores, author of Locked In, Locked Out: Gated Communities in a Puerto Rican City Puerto Rico’s colonial relationship with the United States and its history of intermixture of native, African, and Spanish inhabitants has prompted inconsistent narratives about race and power in the colonial territory. Departing from these accounts, early twentieth-century writers, journalists, and activists scrutinized both Puerto Rico’s and the United States’s institutionalized racism and colonialism in an attempt to spur reform, leaving an archive of oft-overlooked political writings. In Seams of Empire, Carlos Alamo-Pastrana uses racial imbrication as a framework for reading this archive of little-known Puerto Rican, African American, and white American radicals and progressives, both on the island and the continental United States. By addressing the concealed power relations responsible for national, gendered, and class differences, this method of textual analysis reveals key symbolic and material connections between marginalized groups in both national spaces and traces the complexity of race, racism, and conflict on the edges of empire. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Capitalism and Slavery Eric Williams, 2014-06-30 Slavery helped finance the Industrial Revolution in England. Plantation owners, shipbuilders, and merchants connected with the slave trade accumulated vast fortunes that established banks and heavy industry in Europe and expanded the reach of capitalism worldwide. Eric Williams advanced these powerful ideas in Capitalism and Slavery, published in 1944. Years ahead of its time, his profound critique became the foundation for studies of imperialism and economic development. Binding an economic view of history with strong moral argument, Williams's study of the role of slavery in financing the Industrial Revolution refuted traditional ideas of economic and moral progress and firmly established the centrality of the African slave trade in European economic development. He also showed that mature industrial capitalism in turn helped destroy the slave system. Establishing the exploitation of commercial capitalism and its link to racial attitudes, Williams employed a historicist vision that set the tone for future studies. In a new introduction, Colin Palmer assesses the lasting impact of Williams's groundbreaking work and analyzes the heated scholarly debates it generated when it first appeared. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Many Thousands Gone Ira Berlin, 2009-07-01 Today most Americans, black and white, identify slavery with cotton, the deep South, and the African-American church. But at the beginning of the nineteenth century, after almost two hundred years of African-American life in mainland North America, few slaves grew cotton, lived in the deep South, or embraced Christianity. Many Thousands Gone traces the evolution of black society from the first arrivals in the early seventeenth century through the Revolution. In telling their story, Ira Berlin, a leading historian of southern and African-American life, reintegrates slaves into the history of the American working class and into the tapestry of our nation. Laboring as field hands on tobacco and rice plantations, as skilled artisans in port cities, or soldiers along the frontier, generation after generation of African Americans struggled to create a world of their own in circumstances not of their own making. In a panoramic view that stretches from the North to the Chesapeake Bay and Carolina lowcountry to the Mississippi Valley, Many Thousands Gone reveals the diverse forms that slavery and freedom assumed before cotton was king. We witness the transformation that occurred as the first generations of creole slaves--who worked alongside their owners, free blacks, and indentured whites--gave way to the plantation generations, whose back-breaking labor was the sole engine of their society and whose physical and linguistic isolation sustained African traditions on American soil. As the nature of the slaves' labor changed with place and time, so did the relationship between slave and master, and between slave and society. In this fresh and vivid interpretation, Berlin demonstrates that the meaning of slavery and of race itself was continually renegotiated and redefined, as the nation lurched toward political and economic independence and grappled with the Enlightenment ideals that had inspired its birth. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Not of Pure Blood Jay Kinsbruner, 1996 In considering the consequences of these nineteenth-century attitudes on twentieth-century Puerto Rico, Kinsbruner suggests that racial discrimination continues to limit opportunities for people of color. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Gender and Slave Emancipation in the Atlantic World Pamela Scully, Diana Paton, 2005-10-04 This groundbreaking collection provides the first comparative history of gender and emancipation in the Atlantic world. Bringing together essays on the United States, Brazil, Cuba, Puerto Rico, West Africa and South Africa, and the Francophone and Anglophone Caribbean, it shows that emancipation was a profoundly gendered process, produced through connections between race, gender, sexuality, and class. Contributors from the United States, Canada, Europe, the Caribbean, and Brazil explore how the processes of emancipation involved the re-creation of gender identities—the production of freedmen and freedwomen with different rights, responsibilities, and access to citizenship. Offering detailed analyses of slave emancipation in specific societies, the contributors discuss all of the diverse actors in emancipation: slaves, abolitionists, free people of color, state officials, and slave owners. Whether considering the construction of a postslavery masculine subjectivity in Jamaica, the work of two white U.S. abolitionist women with the Freedmen’s Bureau after the Civil War, freedwomen’s negotiations of labor rights in Puerto Rico, slave women’s contributions to the slow unraveling of slavery in French West Africa, or the ways that Brazilian abolitionists deployed representations of femininity as virtuous and moral, these essays demonstrate the gains that a gendered approach offers to understanding the complex processes of emancipation. Some chapters also explore theories and methodologies that enable a gendered reading of postslavery archives. The editors’ substantial introduction traces the reasons for and patterns of women’s and men’s different experiences of emancipation throughout the Atlantic world. Contributors. Martha Abreu, Sheena Boa, Bridget Brereton, Carol Faulkner, Roger Kittleson, Martin Klein, Melanie Newton, Diana Paton, Sue Peabody, Richard Roberts, Ileana M. Rodriguez-Silva, Hannah Rosen, Pamela Scully, Mimi Sheller, Marek Steedman, Michael Zeuske |
| puerto rico slavery history: Black Rice Judith A. Carney, 2009-07-01 Few Americans identify slavery with the cultivation of rice, yet rice was a major plantation crop during the first three centuries of settlement in the Americas. Rice accompanied African slaves across the Middle Passage throughout the New World to Brazil, the Caribbean, and the southern United States. By the middle of the eighteenth century, rice plantations in South Carolina and the black slaves who worked them had created one of the most profitable economies in the world. Black Rice tells the story of the true provenance of rice in the Americas. It establishes, through agricultural and historical evidence, the vital significance of rice in West African society for a millennium before Europeans arrived and the slave trade began. The standard belief that Europeans introduced rice to West Africa and then brought the knowledge of its cultivation to the Americas is a fundamental fallacy, one which succeeds in effacing the origins of the crop and the role of Africans and African-American slaves in transferring the seed, the cultivation skills, and the cultural practices necessary for establishing it in the New World. In this vivid interpretation of rice and slaves in the Atlantic world, Judith Carney reveals how racism has shaped our historical memory and neglected this critical African contribution to the making of the Americas. |
| puerto rico slavery history: The Conquest of History Christopher Schmidt-Nowara, 2006-11-06 As Spain rebuilt its colonial regime in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines after the Spanish American revolutions, it turned to history to justify continued dominance. The metropolitan vision of history, however, always met with opposition in the colonies.The Conquest of History examines how historians, officials, and civic groups in Spain and its colonies forged national histories out of the ruins and relics of the imperial past. By exploring controversies over the veracity of the Black Legend, the location of Christopher Columbus's mortal remains, and the survival of indigenous cultures, Christopher Schmidt-Nowara's richly documented study shows how history became implicated in the struggles over empire. It also considers how these approaches to the past, whether intended to defend or to criticize colonial rule, called into being new postcolonial histories of empire and of nations. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Slave Emancipation In Cuba Rebecca J. Scott, 2000-08-15 Slave Emancipation in Cuba is the classic study of the end of slavery in Cuba. Rebecca J. Scott explores the dynamics of Cuban emancipation, arguing that slavery was not simply abolished by the metropolitan power of Spain or abandoned because of economic contradictions. Rather, slave emancipation was a prolonged, gradual and conflictive process unfolding through a series of social, legal, and economic transformations.Scott demonstrates that slaves themselves helped to accelerate the elimination of slavery. Through flight, participation in nationalist insurgency, legal action, and self-purchase, slaves were able to force the issue, helping to dismantle slavery piece by piece. With emancipation, former slaves faced transformed, but still very limited, economic options. By the end of the nineteenth-century, some chose to join a new and ultimately successful rebellion against Spanish power. In a new afterword, prepared for this edition, the author reflects on the complexities of postemancipation society, and on recent developments in historical methodology that make it possible to address these questions in new ways. |
| puerto rico slavery history: The Other Slavery Andrés Reséndez, 2016-04-12 NATIONAL BOOK AWARD FINALIST | WINNER OF THE BANCROFT PRIZE. A landmark history—the sweeping story of the enslavement of tens of thousands of Indians across America, from the time of the conquistadors up to the early twentieth century. Since the time of Columbus, Indian slavery was illegal in much of the American continent. Yet, as Andrés Reséndez illuminates in his myth-shattering The Other Slavery, it was practiced for centuries as an open secret. There was no abolitionist movement to protect the tens of thousands of Natives who were kidnapped and enslaved by the conquistadors. Reséndez builds the incisive case that it was mass slavery—more than epidemics—that decimated Indian populations across North America. Through riveting new evidence, including testimonies of courageous priests, rapacious merchants, and Indian captives, The Other Slavery reveals nothing less than a key missing piece of American history. For over two centuries we have fought over, abolished, and tried to come to grips with African American slavery. It is time for the West to confront an entirely separate, equally devastating enslavement we have long failed truly to see. “The Other Slavery is nothing short of an epic recalibration of American history, one that’s long overdue...In addition to his skills as a historian and an investigator, Résendez is a skilled storyteller with a truly remarkable subject. This is historical nonfiction at its most important and most necessary.” — Literary Hub, 20 Best Works of Nonfiction of the Decade ““One of the most profound contributions to North American history.”—Los Angeles Times |
| puerto rico slavery history: Abolition Seymour Drescher, 2009-07-27 In one form or another, slavery has existed throughout the world for millennia. It helped to change the world, and the world transformed the institution. In the 1450s, when Europeans from the small corner of the globe least enmeshed in the institution first interacted with peoples of other continents, they created, in the Americas, the most dynamic, productive, and exploitative system of coerced labor in human history. Three centuries later these same intercontinental actions produced a movement that successfully challenged the institution at the peak of its dynamism. Within another century a new surge of European expansion constructed Old World empires under the banner of antislavery. However, twentieth-century Europe itself was inundated by a new system of slavery, larger and more deadly than its earlier system of New World slavery. This book examines these dramatic expansions and contractions of the institution of slavery and the impact of violence, economics, and civil society in the ebb and flow of slavery and antislavery during the last five centuries. |
| puerto rico slavery history: History of Puerto Rico Fernando Pico, 2014-06-09 |
| puerto rico slavery history: The Oxford Handbook of Slavery in the Americas Robert L. Paquette, Mark Michael Smith, 2016-01-28 A series of penetrating, original, and authoritative essays on the history and historiography of the institution of slavery in the New World, written by a team of leading international contributors. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Silencing Race I. Rodríguez-Silva, 2012-10-19 Silencing Race provides a historical analysis of the construction of silences surrounding issues of racial inequality, violence, and discrimination in Puerto Rico. Examining the ongoing racialization of Puerto Rican workers, it explores the 'class-making' of race. |
| puerto rico slavery history: A Decent Woman Eleanor Parker Sapia, 2015-02-20 Ponce, Puerto Rico, at the turn of the century: Ana Belen Opaku, an Afro-Cuban born into slavery, is a proud midwife with a tempestuous past. After testifying at an infanticide trial, Ana is forced to reveal a dark secret from her past, but continues to hide an even more sinister one. Pitted against the parish priest, Padre Vicente, and young Doctor Hector Rivera, Ana must battle to preserve her twenty-five year career as the only midwife in La Playa. Serafina is a respectable young widow with two small children, who marries an older, wealthy merchant from a distinguished family. A crime against Serafina during her last pregnancy forever bonds her to Ana in an ill-conceived plan to avoid a scandal and preserve Serafina's honor. Set against the combustive backdrop of a chauvinistic society, where women are treated as possessions, A Decent Woman is the provocative story of these two women as they battle for their dignity and for love against the pain of betrayal and social change. |
| puerto rico slavery history: The History of Puerto Rico Rudolph Adams Van Middeldyk, 1903 Van Middledyk's work was the first major historical study of Puerto Rico in English. Van Middledyk advanced Puerto Rican historiography by building on the works of Brau, Coll y Toste, and Acosta, and by consulting early Spanish chronicles. A librarian at the Free Public Library of San Juan, Van Middledyk possessed knowledge of and access to considerable primary source material. His history is sympathetic to the Indians and highly critical of Spanish colonial administration. Coming in the wake of American military occupation, the book sought to explain and justify control of the island by the United States. |
| puerto rico slavery history: For the Health of the Enslaved Niklas Thode Jensen, 2012 In the first half of the 19th century, the safeguarding of the health of the enslaved workers became a central concern for plantation owners and colonial administrators in the Danish West Indies. With the end of the slave trade, the longstanding excess mortality in the hardworking enslaved population became a crucial problem for the colony because the slaves could no longer be replaced. This book explores the health conditions of the enslaved workers and the health policies initiated by planters and the colonial government. The investigation reveals that, in a comparative Caribbean perspective, Danish West Indian health policies were often quite unique and efficient, but also that the health of the enslaved was a contested field, showing an ongoing power struggle between the planters, the colonial administration, and the slaves themselves. |
| puerto rico slavery history: California and Hawaii's First Puerto Ricans, 1850-1925 Daniel M. Lopez, 2016-11-01 Immigration from Puerto Rico from 1850 to 1925 to both California and to Hawaii is identified, and analyzed. Over 350 names of these immigrants were identified via an analysis of the U.S. Federal Census including the 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900, and 1910 Censuses were reviewed and names were identified, and extracted. Over 400 sources identified in the Bibliography, many of which are primary sources, along with 32 Exhibits (photos, images, charts and tables) are presented. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Puerto Rico Arturo Morales Carrion, 1984-06-01 The people of Puerto Rico today are caught in a centuries-old dilemma of identity. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Caribbean Transformations Arthur H. Niehoff, Sidney W. Mintz, 2017-09-04 Contact and clash, amalgamation and accommodation, resistance and change have marked the history of the Caribbean islands. It is a unique region where people under the stress of slavery had to improvise, invent and literally create forms of human association through which their pasts and the symbolic interpretation of their present could be structured.Caribbean Transformations is divided into three major parts, each preceded by a brief introductory chapter. Part One begins with a look at the African antecedents of the Caribbean, then discusses slavery and the plantation system. Two chapters deal with slavery and forced labor in Puerto Rico and the history of a Puerto Rican plantation. Part Two is concerned with the rise of a Caribbean peasantry--the erstwhile slaves who separated themselves from the plantation system on small plots of land. This creative adaptation led to the growth of a class of rural landowners producing a large part of their own subsistence but also selling to and buying from wider markets. Mintz first discusses the origins of reconstructed peasantries, and then proceeds to the specifics of the origins and history of the peasantry in Jamaica. Part Three turns to Caribbean nationhood--the political and economic forces that affected its shaping and the social structure of its component societies. A separate chapter details the case of Haiti. The book ends with a critique of the implications of Caribbean nationhood from an anthropological perspective, stressing the ways that class, color and other social dimensions continue to play important parts in the organization of Caribbean societies.Caribbean Transformations--lucidly written and presenting broad coverage of both time and space--is essential reading for anthropologists, sociologists, historians and all others interested in the Caribbean, in black studies, in colonial problems, in the relationships between colonial areas and the imperial powers, and in culture change generally. |
| puerto rico slavery history: The African Diaspora Patrick Manning, 2010-03-05 Patrick Manning follows the multiple routes that brought Africans and people of African descent into contact with one another and with Europe, Asia, and the Americas. In joining these stories, he shows how the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean fueled dynamic interactions among black communities and cultures and how these patterns resembled those of a number of connected diasporas concurrently taking shaping across the globe. Manning begins in 1400 and traces the connections that enabled Africans to mutually identify and hold together as a global community. He tracks discourses on race, changes in economic circumstance, the evolving character of family life, and the growth of popular culture. He underscores the profound influence that the African diaspora had on world history and demonstrates the inextricable link between black migration and the rise of modernity. Inclusive and far-reaching, The African Diaspora proves that the advent of modernity cannot be fully understood without taking the African peoples and the African continent into account. |
| puerto rico slavery history: Borderline Citizens Robert C. McGreevey, 2018-09-15 Borderline Citizens explores the intersection of U.S. colonial power and Puerto Rican migration. Robert C. McGreevey examines a series of confrontations in the early decades of the twentieth century between colonial migrants seeking work and citizenship in the metropole and various groups—employers, colonial officials, court officers, and labor leaders—policing the borders of the U.S. economy and polity. Borderline Citizens deftly shows the dynamic and contested meaning of American citizenship. At a time when colonial officials sought to limit citizenship through the definition of Puerto Rico as a U.S. territory, Puerto Ricans tested the boundaries of colonial law when they migrated to California, Arizona, New York, and other states on the mainland. The conflicts and legal challenges created when Puerto Ricans migrated to the U.S. mainland thus serve, McGreevey argues, as essential, if overlooked, evidence crucial to understanding U.S. empire and citizenship. McGreevey demonstrates the value of an imperial approach to the history of migration. Drawing attention to the legal claims migrants made on the mainland, he highlights the agency of Puerto Rican migrants and the efficacy of their efforts to find an economic, political, and legal home in the United States. At the same time, Borderline Citizens demonstrates how colonial institutions shaped migration streams through a series of changing colonial legal categories that tracked alongside corporate and government demands for labor mobility. McGreevey describes a history shaped as much by the force of U.S. power overseas as by the claims of colonial migrants within the United States. |
History Of Slavery In Puerto Rico (Download Only)
We'll examine the different forms slavery took, the resistance movements that fought against it, and the long road to emancipation, providing a comprehensive understanding of this crucial, …
Puerto Rico Slavery History [PDF] - netsec.csuci.edu
Puerto Rico Slavery History puerto rico slavery history: Sugar, Slavery, and Freedom in Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico Luis A. Figueroa, 2006-05-18 The contributions of the black …
Abolition Of Slavery In Puerto Rico - old.ccv.org
Abolition Of Slavery In Puerto Rico - archive.ncarb.org This ebook delves into the complex history of slavery's abolition in Puerto Rico, exploring the social, economic, and political factors that …
History Of Slavery In Puerto Rico (book) - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
examines the transition from slavery and slave labor to freedom and free labor after the 1873 abolition of slavery in colonial Puerto Rico He corrects misconceptions about how ex slaves …
A Caribbean Affair: The Liberalisation of the Slave Trade in the ...
ABSTRACT: The liberalisation of the slave trade in the Spanish Caribbean ended with a series of political measures which aimed to revitalise the practice of slavery in the region.
Toward a History of Slavery in Small Places: Agrarian Diversity ...
Puerto Rico experienced steady growth among French immigrants between 1824 and 1832, and substantially lower, but relatively consistent, representation by British, Danish, Italian, and …
hacienda La Esperanza, Manatí, Puerto - JSTOR
In 1869 slaves comprised a minority of over 41,000 persons in Puerto Rico, or 7 per cent of the total population. But most were strategically concentrated on the specific plantations that …
Rescued from Their Invisibility: The Afro-Puerto Ricans of …
5 Aug 2017 · Four slaves fleeing from the French-controlled island of Saint Croix arrived in San Juan, the capital of Spanish-controlled Puerto Rico, seeking asylum during the summer of …
History Of Slavery In Puerto Rico Copy - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
history of Puerto Rico from the reign of Taino Indians through its centuries as a Spanish colony to its present day standing as a thriving economic force in Latin America with a unique and ever …
Abolition Of Slavery In Puerto Rico - archive.ncarb.org
This ebook delves into the complex history of slavery's abolition in Puerto Rico, exploring the social, economic, and political factors that shaped this pivotal moment. It moves beyond a …
THE MATERIAL CULTURE OF SLAVERY: CONSUMER …
nineteenth-century Puerto Rico, one of the last three localities to outlaw the institution of slavery in the Americas. It reviews the history of slavery and the plantation economy in the Caribbean …
Slavery, Freedom, and the Babilonias of Puerto Rico: Re …
Slavery in Puerto Rico has a long history, extending from the 15th century and officially ending in the 19th century. On 22 March 1873, the Spanish National Assembly abolished slavery,
Revisiting Puerto Rico’s Nineteenth- Century Sugar-and-Slavery …
calling on future historians of Puerto Rico to take these up in new and more integral investigations. [Key words: sugar plantations, slavery, gender, race, proto-peasantry, culture …
The lessons of slavery: Discourses of slavery, mestizaje, and ...
We explore how school texts and practices silence, trivialize, and simplify the history of slavery and conclude that these maneuvers distance blackness from Puerto Rican identity and silence …
Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico
Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico will be of particular interest and value to scholars studying slavery, plantation societies, the social and economic history of the Garibbean region, and …
The Puerto Rican Diaspora: Evaluating Constructions of Race
African slaves were first brought to Puerto Rico during the sixteenth century to carry out the Spanish goldmining ventures. When the gold ran out, the slaves were used to build fortifications
The (Post-)Colonial Legacies of Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the …
There’s not just one “legacy of slavery” (Zeuske 2013, 146–80) but vari-ous ones, both in Cuba and in the Caribbean, as well as in other parts of the Atlantic World. During the nearly 200 …
Book Reviews 289 BARALT UILLERMO A. Slave Revolts in …
Moreover, Puerto Rico’s history was not in vain: the island’s enduring majority of free colored and free blacks set the tone for slavery, and for slave resistance, in nineteenth- century Puerto Rico.
INTRODUCTION: Caribbean emancipations - JSTOR
colonial slavery, Cuban and Puerto Rican planters, Spanish slavers and the metropolitan government constructed a massive slave-worked sugar complex that far surpassed its …
Free and Unfree Rural Labour in Puerto Rico during the …
Nineteenth-century Puerto Rican sugar plantation slavery has long been a bastion of the Freyre-Tannenbaum thesis, which asserts that ideological differences resulted in a more humanitarian …
History Of Slavery In Puerto Rico (Download Only)
We'll examine the different forms slavery took, the resistance movements that fought against it, and the long road to emancipation, providing a comprehensive understanding of this crucial, …
Puerto Rico Slavery History [PDF] - netsec.csuci.edu
Puerto Rico Slavery History puerto rico slavery history: Sugar, Slavery, and Freedom in Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico Luis A. Figueroa, 2006-05-18 The contributions of the black …
Abolition Of Slavery In Puerto Rico - old.ccv.org
Abolition Of Slavery In Puerto Rico - archive.ncarb.org This ebook delves into the complex history of slavery's abolition in Puerto Rico, exploring the social, economic, and political factors that …
History Of Slavery In Puerto Rico (book) - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
examines the transition from slavery and slave labor to freedom and free labor after the 1873 abolition of slavery in colonial Puerto Rico He corrects misconceptions about how ex slaves …
A Caribbean Affair: The Liberalisation of the Slave Trade in the ...
ABSTRACT: The liberalisation of the slave trade in the Spanish Caribbean ended with a series of political measures which aimed to revitalise the practice of slavery in the region.
Toward a History of Slavery in Small Places: Agrarian Diversity ...
Puerto Rico experienced steady growth among French immigrants between 1824 and 1832, and substantially lower, but relatively consistent, representation by British, Danish, Italian, and …
hacienda La Esperanza, Manatí, Puerto - JSTOR
In 1869 slaves comprised a minority of over 41,000 persons in Puerto Rico, or 7 per cent of the total population. But most were strategically concentrated on the specific plantations that …
Rescued from Their Invisibility: The Afro-Puerto Ricans of …
5 Aug 2017 · Four slaves fleeing from the French-controlled island of Saint Croix arrived in San Juan, the capital of Spanish-controlled Puerto Rico, seeking asylum during the summer of …
History Of Slavery In Puerto Rico Copy - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
history of Puerto Rico from the reign of Taino Indians through its centuries as a Spanish colony to its present day standing as a thriving economic force in Latin America with a unique and ever …
Abolition Of Slavery In Puerto Rico - archive.ncarb.org
This ebook delves into the complex history of slavery's abolition in Puerto Rico, exploring the social, economic, and political factors that shaped this pivotal moment. It moves beyond a …
THE MATERIAL CULTURE OF SLAVERY: CONSUMER IDENTITY …
nineteenth-century Puerto Rico, one of the last three localities to outlaw the institution of slavery in the Americas. It reviews the history of slavery and the plantation economy in the Caribbean …
Slavery, Freedom, and the Babilonias of Puerto Rico: Re-visioning ...
Slavery in Puerto Rico has a long history, extending from the 15th century and officially ending in the 19th century. On 22 March 1873, the Spanish National Assembly abolished slavery,
Revisiting Puerto Rico’s Nineteenth- Century Sugar-and-Slavery History
calling on future historians of Puerto Rico to take these up in new and more integral investigations. [Key words: sugar plantations, slavery, gender, race, proto-peasantry, culture …
The lessons of slavery: Discourses of slavery, mestizaje, and ...
We explore how school texts and practices silence, trivialize, and simplify the history of slavery and conclude that these maneuvers distance blackness from Puerto Rican identity and silence …
Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico
Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico will be of particular interest and value to scholars studying slavery, plantation societies, the social and economic history of the Garibbean region, and …
The Puerto Rican Diaspora: Evaluating Constructions of Race
African slaves were first brought to Puerto Rico during the sixteenth century to carry out the Spanish goldmining ventures. When the gold ran out, the slaves were used to build fortifications
The (Post-)Colonial Legacies of Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the …
There’s not just one “legacy of slavery” (Zeuske 2013, 146–80) but vari-ous ones, both in Cuba and in the Caribbean, as well as in other parts of the Atlantic World. During the nearly 200 …
Book Reviews 289 BARALT UILLERMO A. Slave Revolts in Puerto Rico ...
Moreover, Puerto Rico’s history was not in vain: the island’s enduring majority of free colored and free blacks set the tone for slavery, and for slave resistance, in nineteenth- century Puerto Rico.
INTRODUCTION: Caribbean emancipations - JSTOR
colonial slavery, Cuban and Puerto Rican planters, Spanish slavers and the metropolitan government constructed a massive slave-worked sugar complex that far surpassed its …
Free and Unfree Rural Labour in Puerto Rico during the …
Nineteenth-century Puerto Rican sugar plantation slavery has long been a bastion of the Freyre-Tannenbaum thesis, which asserts that ideological differences resulted in a more humanitarian …
