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| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology G. Michael Blackburn, Michael J. Gait, 1996 Since the discovery of the DNA double helix in 1953, nucleic acids have formed the central theme of much of contemporary molecular science. Recent mastery of nucleic acids synthesis has been the key to the establishment of the biotechnology industry, and our improving knowledge of nucleic acid structures and interactions is considerably influencing the design of novel drugs. The first edition of this book responded to the pressing need for a single volume that integrated the chemistry and biology of the nucleic acids in an introductory yet authoritative text. This second and completely updated edition, which includes a new chapter on techniques applied to nucleic acids, sets the basics of the nucleic acids in the context of the expanding horizons set by modern structural biology, RNA enzymology, drug discovery and biotechnology. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology G Michael Blackburn, Michael J Gait, David Loakes, David M Williams, 2015-11-09 The structure, function and reactions of nucleic acids are central to molecular biology and are crucial for the understanding of complex biological processes involved. Revised and updated Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology 3rd Edition discusses in detail, both the chemistry and biology of nucleic acids and brings RNA into parity with DNA. Written by leading experts, with extensive teaching experience, this new edition provides some updated and expanded coverage of nucleic acid chemistry, reactions and interactions with proteins and drugs. A brief history of the discovery of nucleic acids is followed by a molecularly based introduction to the structure and biological roles of DNA and RNA. Key chapters are devoted to the chemical synthesis of nucleosides and nucleotides, oligonucleotides and their analogues and to analytical techniques applied to nucleic acids. The text is supported by an extensive list of references, making it a definitive reference source. This authoritative book presents topics in an integrated manner and readable style. It is ideal for graduate and undergraduates students of chemistry and biochemistry, as well as new researchers to the field. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: The Nucleic Acids Erwin Chargaff, James Norman Davidson, 1955 |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Chemistry of Nucleic Acids Harri Lönnberg, 2024-09-23 Life in all its forms is based on nucleic acids which store and transfer genetic information. The book addresses main aspects of synthesis, hydrolytic stability and solution equilibria of nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides, as well as synthesis of their structural analogs that are of interest in chemotherapy. In addition, recent achievements in chemistry of catalytic nucleic acids, development of oligonucleotide based drugs and novel strategies for their targeting and delivery are discussed. The central theme always is the correlation of structure and function. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Chemistry and Biology of Artificial Nucleic Acids Martin Egli, Piet Herdewijn, 2012-04-16 This is the first book to provide a comprehensive overview of the field of artificial nucleic acids. Covering a tremendous amount of literature on the chemistry, biology, and structure of artificial nucleic acids, it will constitute an invaluable source of information for the specialist and for young researchers interested in starting a career in this fascinating field of research alike. This book combines the contributions of many of the major players in this research field, and covers the synthesis of sugar-, base- and backbone-modified nucleic acids, their structural characteristics studied by X-ray crystallography, and NMR in solution as well as their chemical and biological properties. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Nucleic Acids Victor A. Bloomfield, Donald M. Crothers, Ignacio Tinoco, 2000-04-17 Providing a comprehensive account of the structures and physical chemistry properties of nucleic acids, with special emphasis on biological function, this text has been organized to meet the needs of those who have only a basic understanding of physical chemistry and molecular biology. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Nucleic Acids Chemistry and Biology G. Michael Blackburn, Michael J. Gait, 1990 |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Advanced Organic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids Zoe A. Shabarova, Alexey A. Bogdanov, 2008-07-11 Sequencing, cloning, transcription - these are but a few key techniques behind the current breathtaking advances in molecular biology and biochemistry. As these methods continuosly diversify, biochemists need a sound chemical understanding to keep the pace. Chemists beginning working in the molecular biology lab need an introduction to this field from their point of view. This book serves both: it describes most of the known chemical reactions of nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids in sufficient detail to provide the desired background, and additionally, the fundamental relations between sequence, structure and functionality of nucleic acids are presented. The first edition of this book, which was published in Russian, has immediately become a recognized standard reference. This second, thoroughly revised and updated edition, now published in English, is likely to achieve a similar position in the international scientific community. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Nucleic Acids Chemistry Ramon Eritja, 2021-01-18 This book compiles recent research on the modification of nucleic acids. It covers backbone modifications and conjugation of lipids, peptides and proteins to oligonucleotides and their therapeutic use. Synthesis and application in biomedicine and nanotechnology of aptamers, fluorescent and xeno nucleic acids, DNA repair and artificial DNA are discussed as well. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: The Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids Günter Mayer, 2011-06-17 With extensive coverage of synthesis techniques and applications, this text describes chemical biology techniques which have gained significant impetus during the last five years. It focuses on the methods for obtaining modified and native nucleic acids, and their biological applications. Topics covered include: chemical synthesis of modified RNA expansion of the genetic alphabet in nucleic acids by creating new base pairs chemical biology of DNA replication: probing DNA polymerase selectivity mechanisms with modified nucleotides nucleic-acid-templated chemistry chemical biology of peptide nucleic acids (PNA) the interactions of small molecules with DNA and RNA the architectural modules of folded RNAs genesis and biological applications of locked nucleic acid (LNA) small non-coding RNA in bacteria microRNA-guided gene silencing nucleic acids based therapies innate immune recognition of nucleic acid light-responsive nucleic acids for the spatiotemporal control of biological processes DNA methylation frameworks for programming RNA devices RNA as a catalyst: The Diels-Alderase-Ribozyme evolving an understanding of RNA function by in vitro approaches the chemical biology of aptamers: synthesis and applications nucleic acids as detection tools bacterial riboswitch discovery and analysis The Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids is an essential compendium of the synthesis of nucleic acids and their biological applications for bioorganic chemists, chemical biologists, medicinal chemists, cell biologists, and molecular biologists. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry Serge L. Beaucage, 2000 Good methods must be reliable, well-tested, and honed to minimize the time and expense required to achieve the desired results. CPNC provides a continuously growing and evolving set of protocols that allows researchers to benefit from the experience of other researchers around the world. The core manual provides a comprehensive set of protocols that have been compiled, revised, and streamlined over the last 6 years. Quarterly updates provide new protocols in emerging areas of research as well as continued advances and new applications for fundamental methods. The book is designed to grow and change with the field of nucleic acid chemistry. Fundamental nucleoside chemistry methods include sugar-base condensation, phosphorylation, and nucleoside protection. Methods for oligonucleotide synthesis include H-phosphonate and phosphoramidite approaches, solid-phase and solution-phase synthesis, large-scale synthesis, synthesis for modified and unmodified oligonucleotides, conjugation of oligonucleotides, synthesis without base protection, and synthesis on microarrays. More specialized synthetic methods include synthesis of biologically active nucleosides and prodrugs. Purification and characterization methods are detailed. Advanced methods include biophysical analysis, combinatorial methods, and nanotechnology. Each protocol includes rationale for choosing appropriate methods, step-by-step procedures, complete recipes, anticipated results, characterization data, and troubleshooting, as well as background and recommended reading. The level of procedural detail is far beyond that found in the research literature, and tips and comments from authors are geared towards ensuring reliable duplication in the laboratory. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: “The” Nucleic Acids Erwin Chargaff, James Norman Davidson, 1960 |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Proteins, Enzymes, Genes , In this book a distinguished scientist-historian offers a critical account of how biochemistry and molecular biology emerged as major scientific disciplines from the interplay of chemical and biological ideas and practice. Joseph S. Fruton traces the historical development of these disciplines from antiquity to the present time, examines their institutional settings, and discusses their impact on medical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural practice. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Modified Nucleic Acids in Biology and Medicine Stefan Jurga, Volker A. Erdmann (Deceased), Jan Barciszewski, 2016-07-29 This volume is comprised of 18 chapters, covering various aspects of DNA modification and RNA modified bases. It also discusses in detail circular RNA, therapeutic oligonucleotides and their different properties. The chemical nature of DNA, RNA, protein and lipids makes these macromolecules easily modifiable, but they are also susceptible to damage from both endogenous and exogenous agents. Alkylation and oxidation show a potential to disrupt the cellular redox equilibrium and cause cellular damage leading to inflammation and even chronic disease. Furthermore, DNA damage can drive mutagenesis and the resulting DNA sequence changes can induce carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Modified nucleosides can occur as a result of oxidative DNA damage and RNA turnover, and are used as markers for various diseases. To function properly some RNA needs to be chemically modified post-transcriptionally. Dysregulation of the RNA-modification pattern or of the levels of the enzymes that catalyze these modifications alters RNA functionality and can result in complex phenotypes, likely due to defects in protein translation. While modifications are best characterized in noncoding ribonucleic acids like tRNA and rRNA, coding mRNAs have also been found to contain modified nucleosides. This book is a valuable resource, not only for graduate students but also researchers in the fields of molecular medicine and molecular biology. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Molecular Diagnostics William B. Coleman, Gregory J. Tsongalis, 2007-10-28 Accompanying CD-ROM contains ... a companion eBook version of Molecular diagnostics : for the clinical laboratorian, Second edition ... for downloading and use in the reader's PC or PDA.--Page 4 of cover. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Photochemistry of Proteins and Nucleic Acids A. D. McLaren, D. Shugar, 2016-06-06 Photochemistry of Proteins and Nucleic Acids focuses on the effects of ultraviolet and visible radiations on proteins and nucleic acids. The book first discusses some principles of photochemistry, including the laws of photochemistry and factors influencing photochemical reactions in solutions. The text describes absorption and luminescence spectra of nucleoproteins and their components, including principal absorbing groups in proteins, nucleic acids, and nucleoproteins. The selection also highlights the action of ultraviolet light on proteins; photochemical and photosensitized inactivation of enzymes; and the photochemistry of purine and pyrimidine derivatives. The text also discusses nucleic acids and oligo- and polynucleotides. Topics include photochemical degradation of nucleic acid; kinetics of biological inactivation of nucleic acids; nucleoproteins; and reversibility of nucleic acid photolysis. The book also encompasses the inactivation of viruses, including inactivation studies with a plant virus, bacteriophages, and photochemically produced vaccines. The text also presents some problems in photobiology and some techniques in photochemistry. The text is a good source of information for readers interested in the study of proteins and nucleic acids.Based on the standards and codes from Fo |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure Stephen Neidle, 2010-07-26 This unique and practical resource provides the most complete and concise summary of underlying principles and approaches to studying nucleic acid structure, including discussion of x-ray crystallography, NMR, molecular modelling, and databases. Its focus is on a survey of structures especially important for biomedical research and pharmacological applications. To aid novices, Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure includes an introduction to technical lingo used to describe nucleic acid structure and conformations (roll, slide, twist, buckle, etc.). This completely updated edition features expanded coverage of the latest advances relevant to recognition of DNA and RNA by small molecules and proteins. In particular, the reader will find extensive new discussions on: RNA folding, ribosome structure and antibiotic interactions, DNA quadruplexes, DNA and RNA protein complexes, and short interfering RNA (siRNA). This handy guide ends with a complete list of resources, including relevant online databases and software. - Completely updated with expanded discussion of topics such as RNA folding, ribosome structure and antibiotic interactions, DNA quadruplexes, DNA and RNA protein complexes, and short interfering RNA (siRNA) - Includes a complete list of resources, including relevant online databases and software - Defines technical lingo for novices |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Principles of Biology Lisa Bartee, Walter Shiner, Catherine Creech, 2017 The Principles of Biology sequence (BI 211, 212 and 213) introduces biology as a scientific discipline for students planning to major in biology and other science disciplines. Laboratories and classroom activities introduce techniques used to study biological processes and provide opportunities for students to develop their ability to conduct research. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Photochemistry and Photobiology of Nucleic Acids Shih Yi Wang, 1976 Photochemistry and Photobiology of Nucleic Acids, Volume I: Chemistry covers the historical developments in the study of photobiology and photochemistry of nucleic acid components. This volume is divided into 12 chapters that deal with the isolation and characterization of ultraviolet photoproducts of pyrimidines. After briefly covering the concepts of photochemistry of nucleic acids, this volume goes on describing the UV-induced physical and chemical alterations in nucleic acid components, such as pyrimidines, purines, their nucleosides and nucleotides, and related compounds. Significant chap ... |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Modified Nucleic Acids Kazuhiko Nakatani, Yitzhak Tor, 2016-04-04 This book spans diverse aspects of modified nucleic acids, from chemical synthesis and spectroscopy to in vivo applications, and highlights studies on chemical modifications of the backbone and nucleobases. Topics discussed include fluorescent pyrimidine and purine analogs, enzymatic approaches to the preparation of modified nucleic acids, emission and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for studying nucleic acid structure and dynamics, non-covalent binding of low- and high-MW ligands to nucleic acids and the design of unnatural base pairs. This unique book addresses new developments and is designed for graduate level and professional research purposes. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Biology for AP ® Courses Julianne Zedalis, John Eggebrecht, 2017-10-16 Biology for AP® courses covers the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester Advanced Placement® biology course. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology for AP® Courses was designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the College Board’s AP® Biology framework while allowing significant flexibility for instructors. Each section of the book includes an introduction based on the AP® curriculum and includes rich features that engage students in scientific practice and AP® test preparation; it also highlights careers and research opportunities in biological sciences. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Structural DNA Nanotechnology Nadrian C. Seeman, 2015 Written by the founder of the field, this is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to structural DNA nanotechnology. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Molecular Biology of the Cell , 2002 |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Informational Biopolymers of Genes and Gene Expression R.D. Blake, 2005-03-23 This new text examines thebiophysics and biochemistry of nucleic acids and proteins, carving outthe dynamic interface between chemistry and molecular biology, and providing adetailed picture of nucleic acids and proteins, their structures, biologicalproperties, and origins and evolution. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Dynamics of Proteins and Nucleic Acids J. Andrew McCammon, Stephen C. Harvey, 1988-04-29 This book is a self-contained introduction to the theory of atomic motion in proteins and nucleic acids. An understanding of such motion is essential because it plays a crucially important role in biological activity. The authors, both of whom are well known for their work in this field, describe in detail the major theoretical methods that are likely to be useful in the computer-aided design of drugs, enzymes and other molecules. A variety of theoretical and experimental studies is described and these are critically analyzed to provide a comprehensive picture of dynamic aspects of biomolecular structure and function. The book will be of interest to graduate students and research workers in structural biochemistry (X-ray diffraction and NMR), theoretical chemistry (liquids and polymers), biophysics, enzymology, molecular biology, pharmaceutical chemistry, genetic engineering and biotechnology. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Dynamics of Proteins and Nucleic Acids , 2013-08-14 Published continuously since 1944, Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology has been a continuous, essential resource for protein chemists. Covering reviews of methodology and research in all aspects of protein chemistry, including purification/expression, proteomics, modeling and structural determination and design, each volume brings forth new information about protocols and analysis of proteins while presenting the most recent findings from leading experts in a broad range of protein-related topics. - Covers reviews of methodology and research in all aspects of protein chemistry - Brings forth new information about protocols and analysis of proteins while presenting the most recent findings from leading experts in a broad range of protein-related topics |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives Jesús Fernández Lucas, María-José Camarasa Rius, 2019-04-29 A review of innovative tools for creative nucleic acid chemists that open the door to novel probes and therapeutic agents Nucleic acids continue to gain importance as novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents. With contributions from noted scientists and scholars, Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives is a practical reference that includes a wide range of approaches for the synthesis of designer nucleic acids and their derivatives. The book covers enzymatic (including chemo-enzymatic) methods, with a focus on the synthesis and incorporation of modified nucleosides. The authors also offer a review of innovative approaches for the non-enzymatic chemical synthesis of nucleic acids and their analogs and derivatives, highlighting especially challenging species. The book offers a concise review of the methods that prepare novel and heavily modified polynucleotides in sufficient amount and purity for most clinical and research applications. This important book: -Presents a timely and topical guide to the synthesis of designer nucleic acids and their derivatives -Addresses the growing market for nucleotide-derived pharmaceuticals used as anti-infectives and chemotherapeutic agents, as well as fungicides and other agrochemicals. -Covers novel methods and the most recent trends in the field -Contains contributions from an international panel of noted scientistics Written for biochemists, medicinal chemists, natural products chemists, organic chemists, and biotechnologists, Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives is a practice-oriented guide that reviews innovative methods for the enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic synthesis of nucleic acid species. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Quadruplex Nucleic Acids Stephen Neidle, Shankar Balasubramanian, 2007-10-31 Guanine rich DNA has been known for decades to form unusual structures, although their biological relevance was little understood. Recent advances have demonstrated that quadruplex structures can play a role in gene expression and provide opportunities for a new class of anticancer therapeutics. A number of quadruplex-specific proteins have also been discovered. Quadruplex Nucleic Acids discusses all aspects of the fundamentals of quadruplex structures, including their structure in solution and the crystalline state, the kinetics of quadruplex folding, and the role of cations in structure and stability. The biology of quadruplexes and G-rich genomic regions and G-quartets in supramolecular chemistry and nanoscience are also considered. Surveying the current state of knowledge, and with contributions from leading experts, this is the first comprehensive review of this rapidly growing area. Quadruplex Nucleic Acids is ideal for researchers interested in areas related to chemistry, chemical biology, medicinal chemistry, molecular pharmacology, and structural and molecular biology. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Spherical Nucleic Acids Chad A. Mirkin, 2020-08-31 Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) comprise a nanoparticle core and a densely packed and highly oriented nucleic acid shell, typically DNA or RNA. They have novel architecture-dependent properties that distinguish them from all other forms of nucleic acids and make them useful in materials synthesis, catalysis, diagnostics, therapeutics, and optics/plasmonics. This book covers over two decades of Dr. Mirkin’s research on SNAs and their anisotropic analogues, including synthesis and fundamental properties, and applications in colloidal crystallization, adaptive matter, and nanomedicine, spanning extra- and intracellular diagnostics, gene regulation, and immunomodulation. It is a reprint volume that compiles 101 key papers from high-impact journals in this research area published by the Mirkin Group at Northwestern University, Illinois, USA, within the International Institute for Nanotechnology, and collaborators. Volume 1 provides an overview and a historical framework of engineering matter from DNA-modified constructs and discusses the enabling features of nucleic acid–functionalized nanomaterials. Volume 2 covers design rules for colloidal crystallization, building blocks for crystal engineering, and DNA and RNA as programmable bonds. Volume 3 discusses colloidal crystallization processes and routes to hierarchical assembly, dynamic nanoparticle superlattices, surface-based and template-confined colloidal crystallization, optics and plasmonics with nanoparticle superlattices, and postsynthetic modification and catalysis with nanoparticle superlattices. Volume 4 covers diagnostic modalities, and intracellular therapeutic and diagnostic schemes based upon nucleic acid–functionalized nanomaterials. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Essentials of Nucleic Acid Analysis Jacquie T. Keer, Lyndsey Birch, 2008 An indispensable handbook of the highest standard for those working in the fields of food analysis and forensic applications. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Nucleic Acid Polymerases Katsuhiko S. Murakami, Michael A. Trakselis, 2013-10-22 This book provides a review of the multitude of nucleic acid polymerases, including DNA and RNA polymerases from Archea, Bacteria and Eukaryota, mitochondrial and viral polymerases, and other specialized polymerases such as telomerase, template-independent terminal nucleotidyl transferase and RNA self-replication ribozyme. Although many books cover several different types of polymerases, no book so far has attempted to catalog all nucleic acid polymerases. The goal of this book is to be the top reference work for postgraduate students, postdocs, and principle investigators who study polymerases of all varieties. In other words, this book is for polymerase fans by polymerase fans. Nucleic acid polymerases play a fundamental role in genome replication, maintenance, gene expression and regulation. Throughout evolution these enzymes have been pivotal in transforming life towards RNA self-replicating systems as well as into more stable DNA genomes. These enzymes are generally extremely efficient and accurate in RNA transcription and DNA replication and share common kinetic and structural features. How catalysis can be so amazingly fast without loss of specificity is a question that has intrigued researchers for over 60 years. Certain specialized polymerases that play a critical role in cellular metabolism are used for diverse biotechnological applications and are therefore an essential tool for research. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: DNA Conjugates and Sensors Keith R Fox, Tom Brown, 2012-11-30 Applications of nucleic acids have developed recently to provide solutions for biosensors, diagnostic tools and as platforms for the assembly of complex structures. These developments have been possible as their base sequence can be used to assemble precise structures following simple and predictable rules. Self-assembled DNA can then be amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and this ultimately enables the preparation of synthetic nucleic acids. Their use as molecular tools or DNA-conjugates has recently been enhanced by the addition of other groups including enzymes, fluorophores and small molecules. Written by leaders in the field, this volume describes the preparation and application of these DNA-conjugates. Several have been used as sensors (aptamers, riboswitches and nanostructures) based on the ability of nucleic acids to adopt specific structures in the presence of ligands, whilst others link reporter groups such as proteins or fluorophores to RNA or DNA for detection, single molecule studies, and increasing the sensitivity of PCR. The book is relevant to researchers in areas related to analytical chemistry, chemical biology, medicinal chemistry, molecular pharmacology, and structural and molecular biology. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Peptide Nucleic Acids Peter E. Nielsen, 2002-07-23 Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have now existed for slightly more than ten years, with the interest in and applications of this pseudopeptide DNA mimic steadily increasing during the entire period. PNAs have rapidly attracted the attention of scientists from a diversity of fields ranging from (bio)organic and biophysical chemistry to prebiotic evolution, and from molecular biology to genetic diagnostics and drug development. Many of the applications take advantage of the unique properties of PNA—an uncharged pseudopeptide—that distinguish this DNA mimic from more traditional DNA analogs. Rather than trying to create a comprehensive collection of all published methods and protocols involving PNA—many of which have not yet been validated— I have decided to concentrate on select protocols that are either very well established by several groups around the world, such as PCR-clamping and in situ hybridization, or on new methods that may have broader future impact. Basic methods for PNA oligomer synthesis and analyses have also been included. I am very grateful to those friends and colleagues who have enthusiastically contributed their work, discussions, and writing, and thereby made this book possible. Peter E. Nielsen v Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix IINTRODUCTION 1 PNA Technology Peter E. Nielsen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 II CHEMISTRY 2 Solid Phase Synthesis of PNA Oligomers Frederik Beck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3 Synthesis of PNA-Peptide Conjugates Satish Kumar Awasthi and Peter E. Nielsen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4 Parallel Synthesis of PNA-Peptide Conjugate Libraries Satish Kumar Awasthi and Peter E. Nielsen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Methods for Studying Nucleic Acid/Drug Interactions Meni Wanunu, Yitzhak Tor, 2016-04-19 Since most therapeutic efforts have been predominantly focused on pharmaceuticals that target proteins, there is an unmet need to develop drugs that intercept cellular pathways that critically involve nucleic acids. Progress in the discovery of nucleic acid binding drugs naturally relies on the availability of analytical methods that assess the eff |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Nucleic Acid Structure and Recognition Stephen Neidle, 2002 This book provides a detailed view of the molecular structures of DNA and RNA and how they are recognised by small molecules and proteins. Extensive source material is provided, including information on relevant web sites and computer programmes. The major methods of structural investigation for nucleic acids: X-ray crystallography, NMR, and molecular modelling are reviewed and their scope and limitations (in the context of nucleic acids) discussed. Also covered are the conformational features of nucleic acid building blocks, including a description of how base-pair morphologies are analysed; the structures of DNA double helices and helical oligonucleotides, emphasising current ideas on sequence-dependent structure; and DNA-DNA interactions, including triplexes and quadruplexes. The principles of RNA folding, ribosome, and ribozyme structure are also surveyed. Both covalent and non-covalent nucleic acid interactions with small molecules are described, with the emphasis on recognition principles and sequence specific gene recognition. The principles of protein - nucleic acid are covered, focussing on regulatory proteins. Nucleic Acid Structure and Recognition will therefore equip readers with a good understanding of all the important aspects of this major field. The Nucleic Acid Database (NDB) crystallographic and NMR structures for the nucleic acid structures described in the book are freely available through the Nucleic Acid Structure and Recognition website. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: The Nucleic Acids Erwin Chargaff, 1955 |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Chemical Synthetic Biology Pier Luigi Luisi, Cristiano Chiarabelli, 2011-02-10 Chemistry plays a very important role in the emerging field of synthetic biology. In particular, chemical synthetic biology is concerned with the synthesis of chemical structures, such as proteins, that do not exist in nature. With contributions from leading international experts, Chemical Synthetic Biology shows how chemistry underpins synthetic biology. The book is an essential guide to this fascinating new field, and will find a place on the bookshelves of researchers and students working in synthetic chemistry, synthetic and molecular biology, bioengineering, systems biology, computational genomics, and bioinformatics. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Nucleic Acids Marcelo Larramendy, Sonia Soloneski, 2016-03-16 This edited book, Nucleic Acids - From Basic Aspects to Laboratory Tools, contains a series of chapters that highlight the development and status of the various aspects of the nucleic acids related to DNA chemistry and biology and the molecular application of these small DNA molecules and related synthetic analogues within biological systems. Furthermore, it is hoped that the information in the present book will be of value to those directly engaged in the handling and use of nucleic acids, and that this book will continue to meet the expectations and needs of all who are interested in the different fascinating aspects of molecular biology. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Chemistry of Protein Conjugation and Cross-Linking Shan S. Wong, 1991-06-18 Chemical cross-linking reagents have attained great practical use in industry as well as in basic research, and an understanding of their fundamental principles of reaction is paramount to their applications. With broad coverage of the development and application of these reagents, Chemistry of Protein Conjugation and Cross-Linking discusses the mechanism of reaction and allows you to put the theory into practice. The book offers an explanation of the underlying mechanism of chemical modification, surveys all the bifunctional reagents used in bioconjugation and cross-linking, and provides a review of practical applications of these reagents in various areas of biochemistry, molecular biology, biotechnology, nucleic acid chemistry, immunochemistry, and diagnostic and biomedical disciplines. It contains numerous examples and illustrations, plus step-by-step explanations to reaction procedures. It is an excellent introduction and a comprehensive reference about chemical modification. |
| nucleic acids in chemistry and biology: Radical and Radical Ion Reactivity in Nucleic Acid Chemistry Michael D. Greenberg, 2009-09-22 Comprehensive coverage of radical reactive intermediates in nucleic acid chemistry and biochemistry The Wiley Series on Reactive Intermediates in Chemistry and Biology investigates reactive intermediates from the broadest possible range of disciplines. The contributions in each volume offer readers fresh insights into the latest findings, emerging applications, and ongoing research in the field from a diverse perspective. The chemistry and biochemistry of reactive intermediates is central to organic chemistry and biochemistry, and underlies a significant portion of modern synthetic chemistry. Radical and Radical Ion Reactivity in Nucleic Acid Chemistry provides the only comprehensive review of the chemistry and biochemistry of nucleic acid radical intermediates. With contributions by world leaders in the field, the text covers a broad range of topics, including: A discussion of the relevant theory Ionization of DNA Nucleic acid sugar radicals Halopyrimidines Oxidative, reductive, and low energy electron transfer Electron affinity sensitizers Photochemical generative of reactive oxygen species Reactive nitrogen species Enediyne rearrangements Phenoxyl radicals A unique compilation on the cutting edge of our understanding, Radical and Radical Ion Reactivity in Nucleic Acid Chemistry provides an unparalleled resource to student and professional researchers in such fields as organic chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, and physical chemistry, as well as the industries associated with these disciplines. |
Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology - api.pageplace.de
The first edition of Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology in 1990 met the pressing need for a single vol-ume that integrated the chemistry and biology of nucleic acids in an introductory yet authoritative text. That book was so very well received that in 1996 we produced the second …
Chapter 22. Nucleic Acids - Louisiana Tech University
A nucleic acid is a polymer in which the monomer units are nucleotides. There are two Types of Nucleic Acids: DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Found within cell nucleus for storing and …
The Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids - download.e-bookshelf.de
interplay in nucleic acid chemistry and biology. As chemists have continued over the years to modify the structure and architecture of DNA and RNA for an even better insight into their …
SPECIFICATION 3.1.5 Nucleic Acids - A Level Biology Revision
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material found in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to …
The Structure and Function of Nucleic Acids - Bradley.Lusk …
biology of the nucleic acids were set on firm foundations. Basically, nucleic acids can be subdivided into two types: deoxy- ribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) .
Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology - GBV
Introduction and Overview. .1 The Biological Importance of DNA. .2 The Origins of Nucleic Acids Research. .3 Early Structural Studies on Nucleic Acids. .4 The Discovery of the Structure of …
Nucleic acids - Royal Society of Biology
Nucleic acids are condensation polymers of nucleotides. To understand their functions you will find it helpful to look at how their molecules are built up and the structures of these molecules.
6 Nucleic acids - A-Level Notes
Smaller, single-ringed molecules (thymine, cytosine, uracil) to form the polynucleotides DNA and RNA, nucleotides are linked into a long chain. nucleotides are linked together by covalent …
Introduction to nucleic acids and their structure [link]
What are the bases in nucleic acids? The nucleotides making up DNA contain one of four nitrogenous bases (i.e. bases that contain nitro-gen atoms). From a chemical perspective, two …
Nucleotides, Nucleic acids: General Information about Structure ...
Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA are long linear polymers, called nucleic acids, that carry information in a form that can be passed from one generation to the next. These macromolecules consist …
Nucleic acids in chemistry and biology. Edited by C. Michael …
The text is suitable for use in grad- uate or advanced undergraduate courses dedicated to the study of nucleic acids and is appropriate for any chemist, biochemist or biologist seeking an …
The Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids - Wiley Online Library
interplay in nucleic acid chemistry and biology. As chemists have continued over the years to modify the structure and architecture of DNA and RNA for an even better insight into their …
Module 14 Nucleic Acids Lecture 36 Nucleic Acids I - NPTEL
Nucleic acids are targets of many important drugs, including several anticancer agents. There are two types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA …
CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS nucleic acids
STRUCTURES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids, which are the polymeric acids isolated from the nucleus of cells. DNA and RNA can be represented as …
Topic 6: Nucleic acids and protein synthesis - Physics & Maths Tutor
Protein synthesis. Proteins are polypeptide chains, coded for by a gene. The genetic code is universal and the sequence of bases determines which protein the gene is coding for. The …
Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology: Part I - Fitzkee Lab
Nucleotide Structure. Question: Is this RNA or DNA? Nucleic Bases. Nomenclature (Scientific Names) Nucleic Acids are Polymers. DNA & RNA Polymerase: Build up DNA and RNA from …
Nucleic acids and their functions - WJEC
Nucleic acids and their functions. The general structure of a nucleic acid consists of a pentose sugar a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. So, a generalised structure looks like: ATP. …
OCR (A) Biology A-level - Physics & Maths Tutor
Topic 2.3: Nucleotides and nucleic acids. Both DNA and RNA carry information, for instance DNA holds genetic information whereas RNA then transfers this genetic information from DNA to …
Editorial: Nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids: chemistry and ...
Nucleosides and nucleotides constitute the elementary building blocks of nucleic acids, fundamental molecular components of life playing an essential role in heredity by transmitting …
Nucleic Acids – Chemistry and Applications
20 Dec 2013 · The brisk pace of ffi genetic engineering, chemical biology, bionanotechnology, and synthetic biology rests heavily on the development of enabling chemistry. This virtual …
Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology - api.pageplace.de
The first edition of Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology in 1990 met the pressing need for a single vol-ume that integrated the chemistry and biology of nucleic acids in an introductory yet authoritative text. That book was so very well received that in 1996 we produced the second edition, which was completely
Chapter 22. Nucleic Acids - Louisiana Tech University
A nucleic acid is a polymer in which the monomer units are nucleotides. There are two Types of Nucleic Acids: DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Found within cell nucleus for storing and transfering of genetic information that are passed from one cell to other during cell division.
The Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids - download.e-bookshelf.de
interplay in nucleic acid chemistry and biology. As chemists have continued over the years to modify the structure and architecture of DNA and RNA for an even better insight into their biological functions, Nature
SPECIFICATION 3.1.5 Nucleic Acids - A Level Biology Revision
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material found in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is found in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria.
The Structure and Function of Nucleic Acids - Bradley.Lusk …
biology of the nucleic acids were set on firm foundations. Basically, nucleic acids can be subdivided into two types: deoxy- ribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) .
Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology - GBV
Introduction and Overview. .1 The Biological Importance of DNA. .2 The Origins of Nucleic Acids Research. .3 Early Structural Studies on Nucleic Acids. .4 The Discovery of the Structure of DNA. 1.5 The Advent of Molecular Biology. .6 The Partnership of Chemistry and Biology. .7 Frontiers in Nucleic Acids Research References. Chapter2.
Nucleic acids - Royal Society of Biology
Nucleic acids are condensation polymers of nucleotides. To understand their functions you will find it helpful to look at how their molecules are built up and the structures of these molecules.
6 Nucleic acids - A-Level Notes
Smaller, single-ringed molecules (thymine, cytosine, uracil) to form the polynucleotides DNA and RNA, nucleotides are linked into a long chain. nucleotides are linked together by covalent bonds called phosphodiester bonds. this takes place inside the nucleus during interphase. purines combine with pyrimidines.
Introduction to nucleic acids and their structure [link]
What are the bases in nucleic acids? The nucleotides making up DNA contain one of four nitrogenous bases (i.e. bases that contain nitro-gen atoms). From a chemical perspective, two of those bases are purines, while the other two are py-rimidines. To each base corresponds a name (e.g. adenine), a nucleoside (e.g. adenosine) and a one-letter code ...
Nucleotides, Nucleic acids: General Information about …
Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA are long linear polymers, called nucleic acids, that carry information in a form that can be passed from one generation to the next. These macromolecules consist of a large number of linked nucleotides, each composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base. Sugars linked by phosphates form a common
Nucleic acids in chemistry and biology. Edited by C. Michael …
The text is suitable for use in grad- uate or advanced undergraduate courses dedicated to the study of nucleic acids and is appropriate for any chemist, biochemist or biologist seeking an introduction to nucleic acid structure and chemistry and the role of nucleic acids in biology.
The Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids - Wiley Online Library
interplay in nucleic acid chemistry and biology. As chemists have continued over the years to modify the structure and architecture of DNA and RNA for an even better insight into their biological functions, Nature
Module 14 Nucleic Acids Lecture 36 Nucleic Acids I - NPTEL
Nucleic acids are targets of many important drugs, including several anticancer agents. There are two types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA encodes the hereditary details and controls the growth and division of the cells.
CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS nucleic acids
STRUCTURES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids, which are the polymeric acids isolated from the nucleus of cells. DNA and RNA can be represented as simple strings of letters, where each letter corresponds to a particular nucleotide, the monomeric component of the nucleic acid polymers. Although this conveys almost all the ...
Topic 6: Nucleic acids and protein synthesis - Physics & Maths Tutor
Protein synthesis. Proteins are polypeptide chains, coded for by a gene. The genetic code is universal and the sequence of bases determines which protein the gene is coding for. The triplet code is the sequence of 3 nucleotides which code for either an amino acid, start codon or …
Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology: Part I - Fitzkee Lab
Nucleotide Structure. Question: Is this RNA or DNA? Nucleic Bases. Nomenclature (Scientific Names) Nucleic Acids are Polymers. DNA & RNA Polymerase: Build up DNA and RNA from nucleoside triphosphates (5’ → 3’ synthesis) Convention: RNA/DNA typically is read from 5’ to 3’ direction (e.g. 5’-ATTGCAAC-3’) DNA vs RNA. DNA less reactive.
Nucleic acids and their functions - WJEC
Nucleic acids and their functions. The general structure of a nucleic acid consists of a pentose sugar a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. So, a generalised structure looks like: ATP. High energy bond. Adenine Ribose 3 phosphate groups.
OCR (A) Biology A-level - Physics & Maths Tutor
Topic 2.3: Nucleotides and nucleic acids. Both DNA and RNA carry information, for instance DNA holds genetic information whereas RNA then transfers this genetic information from DNA to ribosomes made of RNA and proteins. Both deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acid are polymers of nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of pentose which is a 5 carbon ...
Editorial: Nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids: chemistry …
Nucleosides and nucleotides constitute the elementary building blocks of nucleic acids, fundamental molecular components of life playing an essential role in heredity by transmitting and storing genetic information (Minchin and Lodge, 2019).
Nucleic Acids – Chemistry and Applications
20 Dec 2013 · The brisk pace of ffi genetic engineering, chemical biology, bionanotechnology, and synthetic biology rests heavily on the development of enabling chemistry. This virtual issue seeks to highlight the frequently overlooked role of exciting chemistry underlying nucleic acid …
