Juvenile Justice System History

Advertisement



  juvenile justice system history: Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice Institute of Medicine, National Research Council, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on Law and Justice, Panel on Juvenile Crime: Prevention, Treatment, and Control, 2001-06-05 Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and get tough pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.
  juvenile justice system history: The Evolution of the Juvenile Court Barry C. Feld, 2019-06-01 Winner, 2020 ACJS Outstanding Book Award, given by the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences A major statement on the juvenile justice system by one of America’s leading experts The juvenile court lies at the intersection of youth policy and crime policy. Its institutional practices reflect our changing ideas about children and crime control. The Evolution of the Juvenile Court provides a sweeping overview of the American juvenile justice system’s development and change over the past century. Noted law professor and criminologist Barry C. Feld places special emphasis on changes over the last 25 years—the ascendance of get tough crime policies and the more recent Supreme Court recognition that “children are different.” Feld’s comprehensive historical analyses trace juvenile courts’ evolution though four periods—the original Progressive Era, the Due Process Revolution in the 1960s, the Get Tough Era of the 1980s and 1990s, and today’s Kids Are Different era. In each period, changes in the economy, cities, families, race and ethnicity, and politics have shaped juvenile courts’ policies and practices. Changes in juvenile courts’ ends and means—substance and procedure—reflect shifting notions of children’s culpability and competence. The Evolution of the Juvenile Court examines how conservative politicians used coded racial appeals to advocate get tough policies that equated children with adults and more recent Supreme Court decisions that draw on developmental psychology and neuroscience research to bolster its conclusions about youths’ reduced criminal responsibility and diminished competence. Feld draws on lessons from the past to envision a new, developmentally appropriate justice system for children. Ultimately, providing justice for children requires structural changes to reduce social and economic inequality—concentrated poverty in segregated urban areas—that disproportionately expose children of color to juvenile courts’ punitive policies. Historical, prescriptive, and analytical, The Evolution of the Juvenile Court evaluates the author’s past recommendations to abolish juvenile courts in light of this new evidence, and concludes that separate, but reformed, juvenile courts are necessary to protect children who commit crimes and facilitate their successful transition to adulthood.
  juvenile justice system history: Juvenile Justice Preston Elrod, R. Scott Ryder, 2005 Thoroughly updated and revised, the Second Edition of Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, offers readers a comprehensive volume on how the juvenile justice system works. This book is designed to help readers understand the complexities of the present juvenile justice system by presenting a thorough examination of the social, historical, and legal context within which delinquency and juvenile justice occurs. In addition to gaining valuable knowledge on the juvenile justice process, readers will learn how the different parts of the process are interrelated, how decisions made in one case influence future cases, and the laws that direct juvenile justice policy.
  juvenile justice system history: Juvenile Justice Lana Traverso, 2014-08 Administering justice to juvenile offenders has largely been the domain of the states, and as a result of this the laws that pertain to juvenile offenders can vary widely from state to state. There is no federal juvenile justice system. Although the federal government does not play a direct role in administering juvenile justice, in the 1960s, the federal government began establishing federal juvenile justice agencies and grant programs in order to influence the states' juvenile justice systems. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) of 1974 created many of the federal entities and grant programs that continue to operate today, including the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) and the State Formula Grants Program. This book analyses the current federal legislation that influences the state juvenile justice systems. Although the book provides some background information on the evolution of juvenile justice in the United States, the main focus of the book is the major federal legislation that impacts state juvenile justice systems, including the JJDPA. It also provides a bibliography of a comprehensive list of resources about the field of juvenile justice. Each annotation explains what the item is about, and citations are organised into the following areas: courts; juvenile assessment; assessment tools; programs; programs for young women; facilities; training; websites; and juvenile sex offenders.
  juvenile justice system history: Reforming Juvenile Justice National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Law and Justice, Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform, 2013-05-22 Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
  juvenile justice system history: Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective Preston Elrod, R. Scott Ryder, 2020-02-20 Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition guides students in developing a sound and balanced understanding of juvenile justice and the social, legal, and historical context that shapes juvenile justice practice. Throughout the text, there are FYIs, Myths v. Reality, Comparative Focus, and Interviews that highlight important facts, dispel common myths, compare practices in the United States with those of other countries, and allow readers to hear from present and former juvenile justice practitioners. Each chapter also contains critical thinking questions intended to help students examine key issues raised in the chapter and a discussion of important legal issues related to chapter content. Every new print copy includes an access code to the Navigate Companion Website that features interactive and informative learning resources to gauge understanding and help students study more effectively.
  juvenile justice system history: Juvenile Justice Preston Elrod, R. Scott Ryder, 2013-07 The juvenile justice system is a multifaceted entity that continually changes under the influence of decisions, policies, and laws. The all new Fourth Edition of Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, offers readers a clear and comprehensive look at exaclty what it is and how it works. Reader friendly and up-to-date, this text unravels the complexities of the juvenile justice system by exploring the history, theory, and components of the juvenile justice process and how they relate.
  juvenile justice system history: The Cycle of Juvenile Justice Thomas J. Bernard, Megan C. Kurlychek, 2010-10-14 The Cycle of Juvenile Justice takes a historical look at juvenile justice policies in the United States. Tracing a pattern of policies over the past 200 years, the book reveals cycles of reforms advocating either lenient treatment or harsh punishments for juvenile delinquents. Bernard and Kurlychek see this cycle as driven by several unchanging ideas that force us to repeat, rather than learn from, our history. This timely new edition provides a substantial update from the original, incorporating the vast policy changes from the 1990s to the present, and placing these changes in their broader historical context and their place within the cycle of juvenile justice. The authors provide a provocative and honest assessment of juvenile justice in the 21st century, arguing that no policy can solve the problem of youth crime since it arises not from the juvenile justice system, but from deeper social conditions and inequalities. With this highly-anticipated new edition, The Cycle of Juvenile Justice will continue to provide a controversial, challenging, and enlightening perspective for a broad array of juvenile justice officials, scholars, and students alike.
  juvenile justice system history: The Juvenile Justice System Duchess Harris, Carla Mooney, 2019-08-01 The Juvenile Justice System examines all aspects of juvenile justice in the United States. It discusses the history behind the US juvenile justice system and how juveniles are affected by the system. Features include a glossary, further readings, websites, source notes, and an index. Aligned to Common Core Standards and correlated to state standards. Essential Library is an imprint of Abdo Publishing, a division of ABDO.
  juvenile justice system history: The Criminalization of Black Children Tera Eva Agyepong, 2018-03-14 In the late nineteenth century, progressive reformers recoiled at the prospect of the justice system punishing children as adults. Advocating that children's inherent innocence warranted fundamentally different treatment, reformers founded the nation's first juvenile court in Chicago in 1899. Yet amid an influx of new African American arrivals to the city during the Great Migration, notions of inherent childhood innocence and juvenile justice were circumscribed by race. In documenting how blackness became a marker of criminality that overrode the potential protections the status of child could have bestowed, Tera Eva Agyepong shows the entanglements between race and the state's transition to a more punitive form of juvenile justice. In this important study, Agyepong expands the narrative of racialized criminalization in America, revealing that these patterns became embedded in a justice system originally intended to protect children. In doing so, she also complicates our understanding of the nature of migration and what it meant to be black and living in Chicago in the early twentieth century.
  juvenile justice system history: SOU-CCJ230 Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System Alison Burke, David Carter, Brian Fedorek, Tiffany Morey, Lore Rutz-Burri, Shanell Sanchez, 2019
  juvenile justice system history: Juvenile Justice John T. Whitehead, Steven P. Lab, 2015-02-20 Juvenile Justice: An Introduction, 8th edition, presents a comprehensive picture of juvenile offending, delinquency theories, and how juvenile justice actors and agencies react to delinquency. It covers the history and development of the juvenile justice system and the unique issues related to juveniles, offering evidence-based suggestions for successful interventions and treatment and examining the new balance model of juvenile court. This new edition not only includes the latest available statistics on juvenile crime and victimization, drug use, court processing, and corrections, but provides insightful analysis of recent developments, such as those related to the use of probation supervision fees; responses to gangs and cyber bullying; implementing the deterrence model (Project Hope); the possible impact of drug legalization; the school-to-prison pipeline; the extent of victimization and mental illness in institutions; and implications of major court decisions regarding juveniles, such as Life Without Parole (LWOP) for juveniles. Each chapter enhances student understanding with Key Terms, a What You Need to Know section highlighting important points, and Discussion Questions. Links at key points in the text show students where they can go to get the latest information, and a comprehensive glossary aids comprehension.
  juvenile justice system history: Forensic Social Work Tina Maschi, PhD, LCSW, ACSW, George Stuart Leibowitz, PhD, LICSW, 2017-07-26 This extensively revised edition reviews the latest research and practices in forensic social work. Readers learn to integrate socio-legal knowledge when working with diverse populations in a variety of settings. Noted interdisciplinary contributors review the most common forensic issues encountered in the field to better prepare readers to deal with the resulting financial, psychological, emotional, and legal ramifications. Using a human rights and social justice approach, the book demonstrates the use of a forensic lens when working with individuals, families, organizations, and communities that struggle with social justice issues. Each chapter features objectives, competencies, Voices From the Field, a conclusion, exercises, and additional resources. The book is ideal for MSW and BSW courses in forensic social work as well as forensic/legal courses taught in criminal justice and psychology. Practitioners working in a variety of settings who must have a working knowledge of forensic social work will also appreciate this comprehensive overview of the field. Key Features: Highlights working with various populations such as minorities, immigrants, veterans, the elderly, LGBTQ individuals, people with disabilities, substance abusers, trauma survivors, and more. Reviews the field’s conceptual and historical foundation and pertinent laws to better prepare readers for professional practice (Part I). Introduces the most common forensic issues encountered when working in various settings, including health care, social and protective services, the child welfare system, the criminal justice system, school systems, immigration services, addiction treatment facilities, and more (Part II). Provides a wealth of practical guidance via case studies and interviewing, assessment, and intervention tips. Voices From the Field written by seasoned practitioners introduce common situations readers are likely to encounter. New to this Edition: Highlights the 2015 Council on Social Work Education’s (CSWE) Policies and Accreditation Standards throughout the text. Greatly expanded coverage from 26 to 33 chapters with more information on health care, housing, employment, the juvenile and criminal justice system, adult protective services, and the dynamics of oppression. New Part III dedicated t
  juvenile justice system history: Juvenile Justice Preston Elrod, R. Scott Ryder, 1999 Criminal Justice / Law Enforcement
  juvenile justice system history: States of Delinquency Miroslava Chavez-Garcia, 2012-02-21 This unique analysis of the rise of the juvenile justice system from the nineteenth to twentieth centuries uses one of the harshest states—California—as a case study for examining racism in the treatment of incarcerated young people of color. Using rich new untapped archives, States of Delinquency is the first book to explore the experiences of young Mexican Americans, African Americans, and ethnic Euro-Americans in California correctional facilities including Whittier State School for Boys and the Preston School of Industry. Miroslava Chávez-García examines the ideologies and practices used by state institutions as they began to replace families and communities in punishing youth, and explores the application of science and pseudo-scientific research in the disproportionate classification of youths of color as degenerate. She also shows how these boys and girls, and their families, resisted increasingly harsh treatment and various kinds of abuse, including sterilization.
  juvenile justice system history: The Black Child-Savers Geoff K. Ward, 2012-06-29 During the Progressive Era, a rehabilitative agenda took hold of American juvenile justice, materializing as a citizen-and-state-building project and mirroring the unequal racial politics of American democracy itself. Alongside this liberal manufactory of citizens,” a parallel structure was enacted: a Jim Crow juvenile justice system that endured across the nation for most of the twentieth century. In The Black Child Savers, the first study of the rise and fall of Jim Crow juvenile justice, Geoff Ward examines the origins and organization of this separate and unequal juvenile justice system. Ward explores how generations of “black child-savers” mobilized to challenge the threat to black youth and community interests and how this struggle grew aligned with a wider civil rights movement, eventually forcing the formal integration of American juvenile justice. Ward’s book reveals nearly a century of struggle to build a more democratic model of juvenile justice—an effort that succeeded in part, but ultimately failed to deliver black youth and community to liberal rehabilitative ideals. At once an inspiring story about the shifting boundaries of race, citizenship, and democracy in America and a crucial look at the nature of racial inequality, The Black Child Savers is a stirring account of the stakes and meaning of social justice.
  juvenile justice system history: Presumed Criminal Carl Suddler, 2020-09-01 A startling examination of the deliberate criminalization of black youths from the 1930s to today A stark disparity exists between black and white youth experiences in the justice system today. Black youths are perceived to be older and less innocent than their white peers. When it comes to incarceration, race trumps class, and even as black youths articulate their own experiences with carceral authorities, many Americans remain surprised by the inequalities they continue to endure. In this revealing book, Carl Suddler brings to light a much longer history of the policies and strategies that tethered the lives of black youths to the justice system indefinitely. The criminalization of black youth is inseparable from its racialized origins. In the mid-twentieth century, the United States justice system began to focus on punishment, rather than rehabilitation. By the time the federal government began to address the issue of juvenile delinquency, the juvenile justice system shifted its priorities from saving delinquent youth to purely controlling crime, and black teens bore the brunt of the transition. In New York City, increased state surveillance of predominantly black communities compounded arrest rates during the post–World War II period, providing justification for tough-on-crime policies. Questionable police practices, like stop-and-frisk, combined with media sensationalism, cemented the belief that black youth were the primary cause for concern. Even before the War on Crime, the stakes were clear: race would continue to be the crucial determinant in American notions of crime and delinquency, and black youths condemned with a stigma of criminality would continue to confront the overwhelming power of the state.
  juvenile justice system history: Juvenile Justice , 1999
  juvenile justice system history: Gateway to Justice Jennifer Ann Trost, 2005 The Juvenile Court of Memphis, founded in 1910, directed delinquent and dependent children into a variety of private charitable organizations and public correctional facilities. Drawing on the court's case files and other primary sources, Jennifer Trost explains the complex interactions between parents, children, and welfare officials in the urban South. Trost adds a personal dimension to her study by focusing on the people who appeared before the court-and not only on the legal specifics of their cases. Directed for thirty years by the charismatic and well-known chief judge Camille Kelley, the court was at once a traditional house of justice, a social services provider, an agent of state control, and a community-based mediator. Because the court saw boys and girls, blacks and whites, native Memphians and newly arrived residents with rural backgrounds, Trost is able to make subtle points about differences in these clients' experiences with the court. Those differences, she shows, were defined by the mix of Progressive and traditional attitudes that the involved parties held toward issues of class, race, and gender. Trost's insights are all the more valuable because the Memphis court had a large African American clientele. In addition, the court's jurisdiction extended beyond children engaged in criminal or otherwise unacceptable conduct to include those who suffered from neglect, abuse, or poverty. A work of legal history animated by questions more commonly posed by social historians, Gateway to Justice will engage anyone interested in how the early welfare state shaped, and was shaped by, tensions between public standards and private practices of parenting, sexuality, and race relations.
  juvenile justice system history: After the Doors Were Locked Daniel E. Macallair, 2015-10-30 The California youth corrections system is undergoing the most sweeping transformation in its 154-year history. The extraordinary nature of this change is revealed by the striking decline in the state’s youth incarceration rate. In 1996, with 10,000 youth confined in 11 state-run correctional facilities, California boasted the nation’s third highest youth incarceration rate. Now, with only 800 youth remaining in a system comprised of just three institutions, California has one of the nation’s lowest youth incarceration rate. How did such unprecedented changes occur and what were the crucial conditions that produced them? Daniel E. Macallair answers these questions through an examination of the California youth corrections system’s origins and evolution, and the patterns and practices that ultimately led to its demise. Beginning in the 19th century, California followed national juvenile justice trends by consigning abused, neglected, and delinquent youth to congregate care institutions known as reform schools. These institutions were characterized by their emphasis on regimentation, rigid structure, and harsh discipline. Behind the walls of these institutions, children and youth, who ranged in age from eight to 21, were subjected to unspeakable cruelties. Despite frequent public outcry, life in California reform schools changed little from the opening of the San Francisco Industrial School in 1859 to the dissolution of the California Youth Authority (CYA) in 2005. By embracing popular national trends at various times, California encapsulates much of the history of youth corrections in the United States. The California story is exceptional since the state often assumed a leadership role in adopting innovative policies intended to improve institutional treatment. The California juvenile justice system stands at the threshold of a new era as it transitions from a 19th century state-centered institutional model to a decentralized structure built around localized services delivered at the county level. After the Doors Were Locked is the first to chronicle the unique history of youth corrections and institutional care in California and analyze the origins of today’s reform efforts. This book offers valuable information and guidance to current and future generations of policy makers, administrators, judges, advocates, students and scholars.
  juvenile justice system history: Juvenile Justice in Global Perspective Franklin E. Zimring, Maximo Langer, David S. Tanenhaus, 2017-05 Provides a comparison of criminal justice and juvenile justice systems across the world, looking for points of comparison and policy variance that can lead to positive change in the United States. Contributors discuss important issues such as the relationship between political change and juvenile justice, the common labels used to unify juvenile systems in different regions and in different forms of government, the types of juvenile systems that exist and how they differ, and more. Furthermore, they use data on criminal versus juvenile justice in a wide variety of nations to create a new explanation of why separate juvenile and criminal courts are felt to be necessary. --From publisher description.
  juvenile justice system history: Encyclopedia of Juvenile Justice Marilyn D. McShane, Frank P Williams III, 2002-12-18 The contributors consistently present complex material with a readable style relatively free of technical jargon. Accordingly, this outstanding reference work is highly recommended for school and public library collections, as well as academic libraries and criminal justice collections. --REFERENCE & USER SERVICES QUARTERLY There is no comparable work. Useful for anyone doing research in the field of juvenile justice. Highly recommended. --CHOICE What makes this work truly usable is its wonderful indexing and exceptional bibliographies. . . . If juvenile interaction with the judicial system is a research topic at your school, this volume is one of the best sources. --LIBRARY MEDIA CONNECTION From boot camps to truancy, the Encyclopedia of Juvenile Justice provides more than 200 up-to-date, concise, and readable entries in a single, authoritative volume. The editors, noted authors of several criminal justice books and editors of the award-winning Encyclopedia of Prisons, cover historical and contemporary theories, concepts, and real-world practices of juvenile justice in the United States. The entries address a broad range of issues and topics, such as alcohol and drug abuse, arson, the death penalty for juveniles, computer and Internet crime, gun violence, gangs, missing children, school violence, teen pregnancy, and delinquency theories. In addition, topics cover society′s response to the problems of juvenile justice, punishments meted out to America′s juvenile offenders, juvenile rehabilitation programs, and well-known researchers and professionals in the field. Key Features More than 200 articles, written by a stellar collection of academic theorists and real-world practitioners Complete review of the complicated juvenile legal and court system, juvenile punishment, rehabilitation efforts, and legislation Extensive entries on child and adolescent crimes, pathologies, and problems Coverage of psychological, biological, and sociological theories of delinquency, as well as historic body type theories Addresses such historical topics as the deinstitutionalization movement, the Chicago Area Project, and the Provo Experiment Profiles historic theorists and policymakers in juvenile justice Includes a special appendix on print and electronic resources on juvenile justice Comprehensive index, including a reader′s guide that facilitates browsing and offers easy access to information Recommended Libraries Public, academic, school, law/legal, special, and private/corporate
  juvenile justice system history: The Juvenile Court and the Progressives Victoria Getis, 2000 Today's troubled juvenile court system has its roots in Progressive-era Chicago, a city one observer described as first in violence and deepest in dirt. Examining the vision and methods of the original proponents of the Cook County Juvenile Court, Victoria Getis uncovers the court's intrinsic flaws as well as the sources of its debilitation in our own time. Spearheaded by a group of Chicago women, including Jane Addams, Lucy Flower, and Julia Lathrop, the juvenile court bill was pushed through the legislature by an eclectic coalition of progressive reformers, both women and men. Like many progressive institutions, the court reflected an unswerving faith in the wisdom of the state and in the ability of science to resolve the problems brought on by industrial capitalism. A hybrid institution combining legal and social welfare functions, the court was not intended to punish youthful lawbreakers but rather to provide guardianship for the vulnerable. In this role, the state was permitted great latitude to intervene in families where it detected a lack of adequate care for children. The court also became a living laboratory, as children in the court became the subjects of research by criminologists, statisticians, educators, state officials, economists, and, above all, practitioners of the new disciplines of sociology and psychology. The Chicago reformers had worked for large-scale social change, but the means they adopted eventually gave rise to the social sciences, where objectivity was prized above concrete solutions to social problems, and to professional groups that abandoned goals of structural reform. The Juvenile Court and the Progressives argues persuasively that the current impotence of the juvenile court system stems from contradictions that lie at the very heart of progressivism.
  juvenile justice system history: The Juvenile Justice System Dean J. Champion, Alida V. Merlo, Peter J. Benekos, 2013 A market-leader, The Juvenile Justice System, 7e, follows a true-to-life focus, capturing the essence of what it means to be part of the juvenile justice system through personality highlights, career snapshots, and personal accounts. The text provides a thorough examination of the juvenile justice system through easy-to-understand descriptions and discussions of policy, practice, and procedure in juvenile justice. It covers the entire process from arrest, intake, and adjudicatory hearings, to dispositions, and aftercare. This includes up-to-date, comprehensive coverage of historical, applied, theoretical, and legal information about the juvenile justice system and juvenile delinquency.
  juvenile justice system history: The Constitutional Rights of Children David S. Tanenhaus, 2017-11-04 This new edition upon the 50th anniversary of In re Gault includes expanded coverage of the Roberts Court’s juvenile justice decisions including Miller v. Alabama; explains how disregard for children’s constitutional rights led to the “Kids for Cash” scandal in Pennsylvania; new legal developments in the Gault case; and, updates the bibliography and chronology. When fifteen-year-old Gerald Gault of Globe, Arizona, allegedly made an obscene phone call to a neighbor, he was arrested by the local police, tried in a proceeding that did not require his accuser’s testimony, and sentenced to six years in a juvenile “boot camp”—for an offense that would have cost an adult only two months. Even in a nation fed up with juvenile delinquency, that sentence seemed excessive and inspired a spirited defense on Gault’s behalf. Led by Norman Dorsen, the ACLU ultimately took Gault’s case to the Supreme Court and in 1967 won a landmark decision authored by Justice Abe Fortas. Widely celebrated as the most important children’s rights case of the twentieth century, In re Gault affirmed that children have some of the same rights as adults and formally incorporated the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process protections into the administration of the nation’s juvenile courts.
  juvenile justice system history: Juvenile Justice Richard Lawrence, Craig Hemmens, 2008-03-13 Juvenile Justice: A Text/Reader offers a unique new spin on the core textbook format. Organized like a more traditional juvenile justice text, this text/reader is divided into eight sections that contain all the usual topics taught in a juvenile justice course. After a comprehensive overview, each section has an introductory mini-chapter that provides engaging coverage of key concepts, developments, controversial issues, and research in the field. These authored introductions are followed by carefully selected and edited original research articles. The readings, from prominent scholarly journals, were written by juvenile justice experts and often have a policy orientation that will help address student interest in the so what? application of theory. Key Features and Benefits Boasts extensive and unique coverage of the juvenile justice system, focusing on law enforcement, the court system, correctional responses to juvenile offending, and an overview of the causes of delinquency Features a unique How to Read a Research Article—tied to the first reading in the book—to give students a guide to understand and learn from the edited articles that appear throughout the text. Provides an introduction to each reading to give students an overview of the purpose, main points, and conclusions of each article. Utilizes photographs, boxes, and suggested Web resources to enhance the book's presentation and engage student interest. Offers a clear and concise summary of key terms and concepts in each section and discussion questions that enhance student comprehension Ancillaries A Student study site at www.sagepub.com/lawrencestudy provides self-quizzes, e-flashcards, additional readings, and more. Instructor Resource on CD include test questions for both the text and readings, PowerPoint slides, teaching tips, and other resources. Qualified instructors can request a copy by contacting Customer Care at 1-800-818-SAGE (7243), 6AM-5PM, Pacific Time. Intended Audience This Text/Reader is designed to serve as a replacement for a core text, or a supplement text for upper-level undergraduate Juvenile Justice courses in departments of criminal justice, criminology, sociology and related disciplines. Interested in a text/ reader for another criminology or criminal justice here? Explore other titles in the series.
  juvenile justice system history: The War on Kids Cara H. Drinan, 2018 Despite inventing the juvenile court a little more than a century ago, the United States has become an international outlier in its juvenile sentencing practices. The War on Kids explains how that happened and how policymakers can correct the course of juvenile justice today.
  juvenile justice system history: The Oxford Handbook of Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice Barry C. Feld, Donna M. Bishop, 2012-01-12 State-of-the-art critical reviews of recent scholarship on the causes of juvenile delinquency, juvenile justice system responses, and public policies to prevent and reduce youth crime are brought together in a single volume authored by leading scholars and researchers in neuropsychology, developmental and social psychology, sociology, history, criminology/criminal justice, and law.
  juvenile justice system history: Juvenile Justice Cliff Roberson, 2010-08-30 Over several hundred years, the juvenile justice system has evolved from one in which a child offender was prosecuted under the same guidelines used for adults to the current system in which society has recognized the unique status of juveniles within the criminal justice framework. Written by world-renowned legal scholar Cliff Roberson, Juvenile Justice: Theory and Practice provides a comprehensive overview of the system that administers the prosecution of young offenders. It examines how the juvenile justice system began, its current state, and the direction it appears to be heading. Topics discussed include: Types of juvenile delinquency cases, arrest statistics, juvenile justice organizations, and the concept of judicial waiver The history of juvenile courts, including the parens patriae doctrine, early laws, In re Gault, and concepts of reform versus punishment Delinquency causation philosophies, including social, cultural deviance, symbolic interactionist, and psychological theories Types of abuse and neglect, child protective services, and child abuse prevention programs Law enforcement agencies, the structure of juvenile courts, juvenile court procedures, transfers to criminal court, and the concept of individual rights Juvenile probation and parole, juvenile institutions, group homes, boot camps, and shock programs Selected issues in juvenile justice, including drug abuse, juvenile sex offenders, and youth gangs The book cites actual court cases to demonstrate concepts, provides review questions at the end of each chapter, and includes a glossary of relevant terms. A concise and practical text on juvenile justice, this volume facilitates understanding of this complex and critical subject.
  juvenile justice system history: Juvenile Justice Laura L. Finley, 2007-08-30 Throughout U.S. history, attitudes toward young people have vacillated between fear of and fear for. These attitudes impact social programs for youth, including the system of juvenile justice. Attitudes are shaped by the socio-political and cultural cliimate of the times, and can be traced back to colonial times. However, changing mores and values often create confusion and conflict, resulting in ineffective strategies for preventing and responding to juvenile delinquency. Tracing the history of juvenile justice back to the pre-colonial era through the present day, Finley sheds light on just how we arrived where we are in terms of juvenile justice. She connects the competing attitudes about young people to the social, economic, and political changes of a given era, and offers recommendations for establishing more effective and more humane policies toward juveniles in the justice system. Early America is known for its harsh treatment of young people, most notably, the stubborn child laws, which authorized use of the death penalty for children who defied their parents. Yet, even then, many people held more nurturing attitudes toward youth. Thus originated the mixed messages in the U.S. regarding juvenile delinquency and the hodgepodge of approaches that follow. The establishment of the juvenile justice system, founded on the concept of parens patriae, or the state as parent, would seem to have settled the debate over how juvenile offenders should be treated. In reality, however, there remains much controversy over how best to handle juvenile offenders, especially those who commit the most serious offenses. While some still maintain juveniles are developmentally different and should be treated in ways consistent with these differences, others are dismayed at what they feel to be a system that is too lenient and that leads to higher juvenile crime rates and more serious offenses. With the advent of three strikes laws, curfew laws, boot camps, and referring juveniles to adult courts, and subsequently assigning them to adult prisons, many question just how we got to this place in juvenile justice. Here, Finley offers the history behind the controversial goals and development of the juvenile justice system, providing detailed descriptions of the major trends in juvenile justice. Addressing the most current aspects of the controversy, she also sheds light on issues of race, social class, and gender. Offering recommendations for addressing the weaknesses and confusion in the system, Finley offers a unique and compelling perspective on controversial subject.
  juvenile justice system history: Bad Kids Barry C. Feld, 1999 Should juvenile courts be instruments for rehabilitation or strong punishment? Feld argues that today's juvenile courts an out-moded institution that unfairly punishes youth, particularly minority youth.
  juvenile justice system history: Transforming Juvenile Justice Steven L. Schlossman, 2005 As juvenile justice dominates the headlines, the time has come to reexamine the history of this controversial institution. In Transforming Juvenile Justice, Steven L. Schlossman traces the evolution of the idea that young lawbreakers, or potential lawbreakers, merit special treatment. He closely examines the Milwaukee Juvenile Court and the Wisconsin State Reform School to reveal how Progressive theory--the belief that rehabilitation and careful oversight should replace punishment of delinquent youth--played out in practice. Since its original publication in 1977, Schlossman's history of the juvenile justice system contributed to the debate on the delinquency problem and remains a landmark study today. In an engaging new introduction for this fresh edition of his classic, Schlossman reveals his sources of inspiration and relates his discovery of the rare records that offered an exclusive glimpse into the Milwaukee court's day-to-day operations. His account of the changing definitions of delinquency and reformers' attempts to remedy it offers insights on dilemmas that continue to plague American society.
  juvenile justice system history: Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice Roy Lotz, Eric D. Poole, Robert M. Regoli, 1985
  juvenile justice system history: Children and Juvenile Justice Ellen Marrus, Irene Merker Rosenberg, 2012 Now in its second edition, this casebook provides a unique teaching tool for examining the issues relating to children charged with crime in the juvenile courts. It is an innovative blend of the analytical, conceptual, practical and ethical considerations arising in that context. The authors have drawn on their many years of experience teaching juvenile justice courses and representing delinquents in the juvenile courts of New York, California, and Texas, as well as on innovative scholarship in this area of the law. In addition to examining the history of the juvenile court system in America, the Supreme Court jurisprudence, the various stages of delinquency proceedings, the ethical dilemmas of representing minors, the status offender jurisdiction, the right to treatment in juvenile correctional facilities, waivers, determinate sentencing, blended and extended jurisdiction, and international and comparative law the new edition includes competency issues in juvenile court. The materials include cases, including new United States Supreme Court and state cases, statutes, forms, ABA Standards, law review and related articles, new recommendations on the role of juvenile defense counsel, new social science research, and notes and questions.
  juvenile justice system history: Juvenile Justice James W. Burfeind, Dawn Jeglum Bartusch, Dusten Hollist, 2018-08-02 This book provides a comprehensive and thought-provoking introduction to the juvenile justice system in the United States. It begins by tracing the historical origins of the legal concept of juvenile delinquency and the institutional responses that developed, and analyzes the problem of delinquency, including its patterns, correlates, and causes. With this essential foundation, the greater part of the book examines the full range of efforts to respond to delinquency through both informal and formal mechanisms of juvenile justice. Core coverage includes: The history and transformation of juvenile justice, The nature and causes of delinquency, Policing juveniles, Juvenile court processes, Juvenile probation and community-based corrections, Residential placement and aftercare programs, Delinquency prevention, Linking systems of care. This book is designed as a core text for courses on juvenile justice. Each chapter begins with a compelling case study and learning objectives that draw attention to the topics discussed. Each chapter ends with one or two readings that introduce readers to the literature on juvenile justice. In addition, critical thinking questions invite analysis of the material covered in the chapter. A companion website offers an array of resources for students and instructors. For students, this includes chapter overviews, flashcards of key terms, and useful website links. The instructor site is password protected and offers a complete set of PowerPoint slides and an extensive test bank for each chapter--all prepared by the authors. /LI> Residential placement and aftercare programs, Delinquency prevention, Linking systems of care. This book is designed as a core text for courses on juvenile justice. Each chapter begins with a compelling case study and learning objectives that draw attention to the topics discussed. Each chapter ends with one or two readings that introduce readers to the literature on juvenile justice. In addition, critical thinking questions invite analysis of the material covered in the chapter. A companion website offers an array of resources for students and instructors. For students, this includes chapter overviews, flashcards of key terms, and useful website links. The instructor site is password protected and offers a complete set of PowerPoint slides and an extensive test bank for each chapter--all prepared by the authors. h chapter--all prepared by the authors.
  juvenile justice system history: Who Gets a Childhood? William S. Bush, 2010 Using Texas as a case study for understanding change in the American juvenile justice system over the past century, the author tells the story of three cycles of scandal, reform, and retrenchment, each of which played out in ways that tended to extend the privileges of a protected childhood to white middle- and upper-class youth, while denying those protections to blacks, Latinos, and poor whites. On the forefront of both progressive and get tough reform campaigns, Texas has led national policy shifts in the treatment of delinquent youth to a surprising degree. Changes in the legal system have included the development of courts devoted exclusively to young offenders, the expanded legal application of psychological expertise, and the rise of the children's rights movement. At the same time, broader cultural ideas about adolescence have also changed. Yet the author demonstrates that as the notion of the teenager gained currency after World War II, white, middle-class teen criminals were increasingly depicted as suffering from curable emotional disorders even as the rate of incarceration rose sharply for black, Latino, and poor teens. He argues that despite the struggles of reformers, child advocates, parents, and youths themselves to make juvenile justice live up to its ideal of offering young people a second chance, the story of twentieth-century juvenile justice in large part boils down to the exclusion of poor and nonwhite youth from modern categories of childhood and adolescence.
  juvenile justice system history: Popular Justice Samuel Walker, 1998 In the second edition of this popular book, the author has thoroughly updated his analysis of the history of American criminal justice, exploring the tension between popular passions and the rule of law. Surveying the topic from the colonial era to the present day, Walker examines changing patterns in criminal activity, the institutional development of the system of criminal justice, and the major issues concerning the administration of justice. Comprehensive and concise, this book is the best single volume treatment of American criminal justice.
  juvenile justice system history: Reinventing Juvenile Justice Barry Krisberg, James Austin, 1993-04-28 A painful view of the current state of juvenile justice in the United States is presented in this volume which asks whether the 'children's court' has outlived its usefulness. As pressure builds to handle more children in adult courts and to consign them to adult prisons, the authors explore alternatives to the custodial treatment of juveniles and suggest how the juvenile justice system can, and should, be reformed.
  juvenile justice system history: Handbook of Juvenile Justice Barbara Sims, Pamela Preston, 2006-05-05 Too often professionals in public policy or criminal justice must scramble to find additional reading on juvenile law and justice or on juvenile delinquency topics because most references and textbooks provide inadequate coverage of many issues of importance. The Handbook of Juvenile Justice: Theory and Practice responds to this need by prov
  juvenile justice system history: Crime and Criminal Justice in Modern Germany Richard F. Wetzell, 2014-05-01 The history of criminal justice in modern Germany has become a vibrant field of research, as demonstrated in this volume. Following an introductory survey, the twelve chapters examine major topics in the history of crime and criminal justice from Imperial Germany, through the Weimar and Nazi eras, to the early postwar years. These topics include case studies of criminal trials, the development of juvenile justice, and the efforts to reform the penal code, criminal procedure, and the prison system. The collection also reveals that the history of criminal justice has much to contribute to other areas of historical inquiry: it explores the changing relationship of criminal justice to psychiatry and social welfare, analyzes representations of crime and criminal justice in the media and literature, and uses the lens of criminal justice to illuminate German social history, gender history, and the history of sexuality.
THE HISTORY OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND TODAY’S JUVENILE …
juvenile justice were far different from today’s juvenile court structure. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. 1 . Identify how the history of juvenile justice in the United States has been a series of . distinct …

‘Reforming the Juvenile in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth …
The early roots of the modern juvenile justice system in Britain were established at the mid-nineteenth century with a slew of legislation that effectively formalised the shift of large …

The youth justice system in England and Wales: History, current ...
This article addresses features of the English and Welsh youth justice system, and sets out the main areas of history, current developments and key issues in policy and practice with young …

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE JUVENILE COURT AND JUSTICE PROCESS
The juvenile justice system was established on the principle of individualized justice and focused on rehabilitation of youthful offenders. While due process protections were consid-

Juvenile Justice Systems: A Comparative Analysis James Dignan …
Summarising greatly, I will seek to contend that the youth justice systems we have been examining have adopted different responses to the ‘youth justice’ problem, and continue to …

Youth Justice in England & Wales: Past, Present & Future1
It outlines the historical development of a separate justice system for young offenders, including the flux between welfarist and justice-based approaches, the decline in youth crime and …

JUVENILE JUSTICE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE - SAGE Publications Inc
Juvenile Justice in Historical Perspective. fixed at 14 years for boys and 12 years for girls, and older children were held criminally liable. For children between the ages of 7 years and …

Understanding Juvenile Justice and Delinquency - SAGE …
HISTORY OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. After reading this chapter you should be able to: Identify how society’s perception of children and of their …

Youth and the Juvenile Justice System: 2022 National Report
Parts of this chapter provide an overview of the his-tory of juvenile justice in the United States, including significant Supreme Court decisions that have shaped the juvenile justice system, …

Juvenile Justice at a Crossroads: Science, Evidence, and Twenty …
historical debates in juvenile justice When the juvenile justice system was fashioned in the earlier part of the US Progressive Era ð1890–1920Þ, its founders considered it to be a land-mark …

Introduction and Overview of Juvenile PART Delinquency and I Juvenile ...
Overview of Juvenile Justice and Juvenile Delinquency 1. To explore the value base and philosophical origins of the juvenile justice system and how it has evolved over time. 2. To …

NINTH EDITION THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM - Pearson
courts that show juvenile justice trends. A legalistic perspective highlights the constitutional rights afforded to juveniles and how various components of t. e juvenile justice system relate to …

The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encylopedia
By the 1960s, juvenile courts across the U.S. Supreme Court adjudicated almost all criminal cases involving young people under the age of 18. Young offenders were rarely transferred to the …

15 years of Juvenile Justice Reforms in Europe and Central ... - UNICEF
Since 2000, UNICEF has supported governments and civil society organizations in Europe and Central Asia establish specialized juvenile justice systems that enable children in conflict with …

Youth and the Juvenile Justice System
Youth and the Juvenile Justice System: 2022 National Report viii Chapter 4: Juvenile justice system structure and process 77 History and overview of the juvenile justice system ..... 78 …

19 American juvenile justice system: history in the making - De …
In 1975, The Supreme Court upheld the ideal that the juvenile justice system was a more benevolent entity than the adult justice system, and that it offered significant social benefits.

Juvenile Justice Reform: An Historical Perspective
This Article traces the important previous juvenile justice reforms during the periods cumulatively covered by Platt and Pickett, differs in- terpretatively from these revisionists on some major …

Juvenile Justice in Historical Perspective - SAGE Publications Inc
Describe the history of juvenile justice in the United States. Analyze the controversy between due process and informality in juvenile justice. Discuss contemporary challenges to the juvenile …

Juvenile Justice: Legislative History and Current Legislative Issues
14 Jul 2015 · Summary. Juvenile justice in the United States has predominantly been the province of the states and their localities. The first juvenile court in America was founded in 1899 in …

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM …
Juvenile justice law in India from 1920 to until the passing of the Act 2000 maintained the clear difference among left out juvenile and juvenile antisocial. KEY WORDS: Juvenile, Justice, …

THE HISTORY OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND TODAY’S JUVENILE …
juvenile justice were far different from today’s juvenile court structure. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. 1 . Identify how the history of juvenile justice in the United States has been a series of . distinct stages, some emphasizing reform and others focusing on punishment of young people. 2 . Discuss how the distinct historical shifts

‘Reforming the Juvenile in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century …
The early roots of the modern juvenile justice system in Britain were established at the mid-nineteenth century with a slew of legislation that effectively formalised the shift of large numbers of juvenile offenders to summary jurisdiction, thereby establishing the roots of …

The youth justice system in England and Wales: History, current ...
This article addresses features of the English and Welsh youth justice system, and sets out the main areas of history, current developments and key issues in policy and practice with young offenders, within a review of relevant evidence in the different areas covered. The following areas will be addressed in the article, based upon a review of ...

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE JUVENILE COURT AND …
The juvenile justice system was established on the principle of individualized justice and focused on rehabilitation of youthful offenders. While due process protections were consid-

Juvenile Justice Systems: A Comparative Analysis James Dignan
Summarising greatly, I will seek to contend that the youth justice systems we have been examining have adopted different responses to the ‘youth justice’ problem, and continue to follow distinctively different developmental trajectories. Trying to trace the origins, history and continuing development of ‘youth justice’

Youth Justice in England & Wales: Past, Present & Future1
It outlines the historical development of a separate justice system for young offenders, including the flux between welfarist and justice-based approaches, the decline in youth crime and incarceration

JUVENILE JUSTICE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE - SAGE …
Juvenile Justice in Historical Perspective. fixed at 14 years for boys and 12 years for girls, and older children were held criminally liable. For children between the ages of 7 years and puberty, liability was based on capacity to under-stand the difference between right …

Understanding Juvenile Justice and Delinquency - SAGE …
HISTORY OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. After reading this chapter you should be able to: Identify how society’s perception of children and of their culpability for deviant behavior has evolved over time. Discuss the origins of the juvenile court.

Youth and the Juvenile Justice System: 2022 National Report
Parts of this chapter provide an overview of the his-tory of juvenile justice in the United States, including significant Supreme Court decisions that have shaped the juvenile justice system, and generally describe case processing in the juvenile justice system.

Juvenile Justice at a Crossroads: Science, Evidence, and Twenty …
historical debates in juvenile justice When the juvenile justice system was fashioned in the earlier part of the US Progressive Era ð1890–1920Þ, its founders considered it to be a land-mark child-saving victory, one that would address the unique needs of young people who were straying from a moral path. As part of the larger

Introduction and Overview of Juvenile PART Delinquency and I …
Overview of Juvenile Justice and Juvenile Delinquency 1. To explore the value base and philosophical origins of the juvenile justice system and how it has evolved over time. 2. To examine the historical trends and policy shifts in the juvenile justice system. 3. To identify key policies and public laws impacting the juvenile justice field.

NINTH EDITION THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM - Pearson
courts that show juvenile justice trends. A legalistic perspective highlights the constitutional rights afforded to juveniles and how various components of t. e juvenile justice system relate to them.The history of juvenile courts is described, including significant events that have inf.

The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An …
By the 1960s, juvenile courts across the U.S. Supreme Court adjudicated almost all criminal cases involving young people under the age of 18. Young offenders were rarely transferred to the adult criminal justice system, and only when the juvenile court agreed to waive its jurisdiction.

15 years of Juvenile Justice Reforms in Europe and Central
Since 2000, UNICEF has supported governments and civil society organizations in Europe and Central Asia establish specialized juvenile justice systems that enable children in conflict with the law to benefit from policies and approaches that use detention as a …

Youth and the Juvenile Justice System
Youth and the Juvenile Justice System: 2022 National Report viii Chapter 4: Juvenile justice system structure and process 77 History and overview of the juvenile justice system ..... 78 U.S. Supreme Court cases and the juvenile justice system ..... 83

19 American juvenile justice system: history in the making - De …
In 1975, The Supreme Court upheld the ideal that the juvenile justice system was a more benevolent entity than the adult justice system, and that it offered significant social benefits.

Juvenile Justice Reform: An Historical Perspective
This Article traces the important previous juvenile justice reforms during the periods cumulatively covered by Platt and Pickett, differs in- terpretatively from these revisionists on some major issues, and suggests

Juvenile Justice in Historical Perspective - SAGE Publications Inc
Describe the history of juvenile justice in the United States. Analyze the controversy between due process and informality in juvenile justice. Discuss contemporary challenges to the juvenile justice system. Evaluate discrepancies between the ideal and real juvenile justice systems.

Juvenile Justice: Legislative History and Current Legislative Issues
14 Jul 2015 · Summary. Juvenile justice in the United States has predominantly been the province of the states and their localities. The first juvenile court in America was founded in 1899 in Cook County, Illinois, and, by 1925, all but two states had established juvenile court systems.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE …
Juvenile justice law in India from 1920 to until the passing of the Act 2000 maintained the clear difference among left out juvenile and juvenile antisocial. KEY WORDS: Juvenile, Justice, Delinquents etc.