Imitative Feature In Biology

  imitative feature in biology: The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology, Vol. 1 Philip David Zelazo, 2013-03-21 This handbook provides a comprehensive survey of what is now known about psychological development, from birth to biological maturity, and it highlights how cultural, social, cognitive, neural, and molecular processes work together to yield human behavior and changes in human behavior.
  imitative feature in biology: The Imitative Mind Andrew N. Meltzoff, Wolfgang Prinz, 2002-04-18 Imitation guides the behaviour of a range of species. Scientific advances in the study of imitation at multiple levels from neurons to behaviour have far-reaching implications for cognitive science, neuroscience, and evolutionary and developmental psychology. This volume, first published in 2002, provides a summary of the research on imitation in both Europe and America, including work on infants, adults, and nonhuman primates, with speculations about robotics. A special feature of the book is that it provides a concrete instance of the links between developmental psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science. It showcases how an interdisciplinary approach to imitation can illuminate long-standing problems in the brain sciences, including consciousness, self, perception-action coding, theory of mind, and intersubjectivity. The book addresses what it means to be human and how we get that way.
  imitative feature in biology: Behindlings Nicola Barker, 2009-10-13 Spurting with kinetic energy, nasty wit, and kindness to animals, Wesley ought to be a star. Or so it seems to the Behindlings -- followers who nip at his heels, turn up everywhere he goes, and lie in wait for him around every corner. They skulk through the dreary streets of their tiny English town, gathering their own scabby intentions, irritating habits, and weird manners, burying all differences in the common pursuit of their true prize, their Wesley. In Behindlings, the inimitable and ungovernable Nicola Barker takes her most compelling character to date, gives him his head and her novel, and sees him run off with her readers.
  imitative feature in biology: The Meme Machine Susan Blackmore, 2000-03-16 Humans are extraordinary creatures, with the unique ability among animals to imitate and so copy from one another ideas, habits, skills, behaviours, inventions, songs, and stories. These are all memes, a term first coined by Richard Dawkins in 1976 in his book The Selfish Gene. Memes, like genes, are replicators, and this enthralling book is an investigation of whether this link between genes and memes can lead to important discoveries about the nature of the inner self. Confronting the deepest questions about our inner selves, with all our emotions, memories, beliefs, and decisions, Susan Blackmore makes a compelling case for the theory that the inner self is merely an illusion created by the memes for the sake of replication.
  imitative feature in biology: Evolution of the Human Brain: From Matter to Mind , 2019-11-06 Evolution of the Human Brain: From Matter to Mind, Volume 250 in the Progress in Brain Research, series documents the latest developments and insights about the origin and evolution of the human brain and mind. Specific sections in this new release include Evolution and development of the human cerebral cortex, Functional connectivity of the human cerebral cortex, Lateralization of the human cerebral cortex, Life history strategies and the human cerebral cortex, Evolution of the modern human brain, On the nature and evolution of the human mind, Origin and evolution of human cognition, Origin and evolution of human consciousness, and more. - Presents insights on molecular and cellular mechanisms of human brain evolution - Provides a better understanding of the origin and evolution of the human mind - Includes information of the neural organization and functional connectivity of the cerebral cortex
  imitative feature in biology: Passion In The Peak John Buxton Hilton, 2012-07-19 When Lord Furnival, a left-of-centre dilettante, tries to stage a musical version of the Oberammergau Passion Play in the High Peak of Derbyshire, he does not foresee what strife and tension he is setting in motion. Petty thefts, a peeping Tom, artistic jealousies, a vendetta against Mary Magdalene – the record of crime culminates in the murder of the hyped rock singer who is brought out of disgraced retirement to play the Christ part. Kenworthy is called in as a private consultant to ‘protect the interests of the management’ and finds himself involved with a bewildering array of eccentrics: Jimmy Lindop, a sound technician with old scores to settle; Julian Harpur, a neurotic adolescent whose mother believes him a genius; Alfie Tandy, who has confessed to dozens of murders in his time, and who carries his worldly belongings about in an old banjo-case; Freddy Kershaw, a detective-constable who is suspended from duty for telling the truth; and Joan Culver, who is trying to straighten herself out about filial duty, sex and life. This is knotty a puzzle as Kenworthy and his reader have ever squared up to, as the case-work takes us out of Derbyshire into the squalid history of The Stalagmites, a failed rock group of London’s swinging years. On the way we take a Hiltonian look at more than one level of contemporary society.
  imitative feature in biology: Newborn Imitation Ruth Leys, 2020-07-30 Newborn imitation has recently become the focus of a major controversy in the human sciences. New studies have reexamined the evidence and found it wanting. Imitation has been regarded as a crucial capability of neonates ever since 1977, when two American psychologists first published experiments appearing to demonstrate that babies at birth are able to copy a variety of facial movements. The findings overturned decades of assumptions about the competence of newborns. But what if claims for newborn imitation are not true? Influential theories about the mechanisms underlying imitation, the role of mirror neurons, the nature of the self and of infant mental states, will all have to be modified or abandoned if it turns out that babies cannot imitate at birth. This Element offers a critical assessment of those theories and the stakes involved.
  imitative feature in biology: Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on the Science of Children Birth to Age 8: Deepening and Broadening the Foundation for Success, 2015-07-23 Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.
  imitative feature in biology: Imitation in Infancy Jacqueline Nadel, George Butterworth, 2011-02-17 First published in 1999, this book brings together the extensive modern evidence for innate imitation in babies. Modern research has shown imitation to be a natural mechanism of learning and communication which deserves to be at centre stage in developmental psychology. Yet the very possibility of imitation in newborn humans has had a controversial history. Defining imitation has proved to be far from straightforward and scientific evidence for its existence in neonates is only now becoming accepted, despite more than a century of enquiry. In this book, some of the world's foremost researchers on imitation and intellectual development review evidence for imitation in newborn babies. They discuss the development of imitation in infancy, in both normal and atypical populations and in comparison with other primate species, stressing the fundamental importance of imitation in human development, as a foundation of communication and a precursor to symbolic processes.
  imitative feature in biology: Science And Human Behavior B.F Skinner, 2012-12-18 The psychology classic—a detailed study of scientific theories of human nature and the possible ways in which human behavior can be predicted and controlled—from one of the most influential behaviorists of the twentieth century and the author of Walden Two. “This is an important book, exceptionally well written, and logically consistent with the basic premise of the unitary nature of science. Many students of society and culture would take violent issue with most of the things that Skinner has to say, but even those who disagree most will find this a stimulating book.” —Samuel M. Strong, The American Journal of Sociology “This is a remarkable book—remarkable in that it presents a strong, consistent, and all but exhaustive case for a natural science of human behavior…It ought to be…valuable for those whose preferences lie with, as well as those whose preferences stand against, a behavioristic approach to human activity.” —Harry Prosch, Ethics
  imitative feature in biology: History, Metaphors, Fables Hans Blumenberg, 2020-06-15 History, Metaphors, and Fables collects the central writings by Hans Blumenberg and covers topics such as on the philosophy of language, metaphor theory, non-conceptuality, aesthetics, politics, and literary studies. This landmark volume demonstrates Blumenberg's intellectual breadth and gives an overview of his thematic and stylistic range over four decades. Blumenberg's early philosophy of technology becomes tangible, as does his critique of linguistic perfectibility and conceptual thought, his theory of history as successive concepts of reality, his anthropology, or his studies of literature. History, Metaphors, Fables allows readers to discover a master thinker whose role in the German intellectual post-war scene can hardly be overestimated.
  imitative feature in biology: The Lost Second Book of Aristotle's "Poetics" Walter Watson, 2012-06-27 Of all the writings on theory and aesthetics - ancient, medieval, or modern - the most important is indisputably Aristotle's Poetics, the first philosophical treatise to propound a theory of literature. The author offers a fresh interpretation of the lost second book of Aristotle's Poetics.
  imitative feature in biology: Social Learning In Animals Cecilia M. Heyes, Bennett G. Galef Jr., 1996-05-23 The increasing realization among behaviorists and psychologists is that many animals learn by observation as members of social systems. Such settings contribute to the formation of culture. This book combines the knowledge of two groups of scientists with different backgrounds to establish a working consensus for future research. The book is divided into two major sections, with contributions by a well-known, international, and interdisciplinary team which integrates these growing areas of inquiry. - Integrates the broad range of scientific approaches being used in the studies of social learning and imitation, and society and culture - Provides an introduction to this field of study as well as a starting point for the more experienced researcher - Chapters are succinct reviews of innovative discoveries and progress made during the past decade - Includes statements of varied theoretical perspectives on controversial topics - Authoritative contributions by an international team of leading researchers
  imitative feature in biology: Democracy and Education John Dewey, 1916 . Renewal of Life by Transmission. The most notable distinction between living and inanimate things is that the former maintain themselves by renewal. A stone when struck resists. If its resistance is greater than the force of the blow struck, it remains outwardly unchanged. Otherwise, it is shattered into smaller bits. Never does the stone attempt to react in such a way that it may maintain itself against the blow, much less so as to render the blow a contributing factor to its own continued action. While the living thing may easily be crushed by superior force, it none the less tries to turn the energies which act upon it into means of its own further existence. If it cannot do so, it does not just split into smaller pieces (at least in the higher forms of life), but loses its identity as a living thing. As long as it endures, it struggles to use surrounding energies in its own behalf. It uses light, air, moisture, and the material of soil. To say that it uses them is to say that it turns them into means of its own conservation. As long as it is growing, the energy it expends in thus turning the environment to account is more than compensated for by the return it gets: it grows. Understanding the word control in this sense, it may be said that a living being is one that subjugates and controls for its own continued activity the energies that would otherwise use it up. Life is a self-renewing process through action upon the environment.
  imitative feature in biology: The Philosophical Review Jacob Gould Schurman, James Edwin Creighton, Frank Thilly, Gustavus Watts Cunningham, 1899 An international journal of general philosophy.
  imitative feature in biology: Evolution in Four Dimensions, revised edition Eva Jablonka, Marion J. Lamb, 2014-03-21 A pioneering proposal for a pluralistic extension of evolutionary theory, now updated to reflect the most recent research. This new edition of the widely read Evolution in Four Dimensions has been revised to reflect the spate of new discoveries in biology since the book was first published in 2005, offering corrections, an updated bibliography, and a substantial new chapter. Eva Jablonka and Marion Lamb's pioneering argument proposes that there is more to heredity than genes. They describe four “dimensions” in heredity—four inheritance systems that play a role in evolution: genetic, epigenetic (or non-DNA cellular transmission of traits), behavioral, and symbolic (transmission through language and other forms of symbolic communication). These systems, they argue, can all provide variations on which natural selection can act. Jablonka and Lamb present a richer, more complex view of evolution than that offered by the gene-based Modern Synthesis, arguing that induced and acquired changes also play a role. Their lucid and accessible text is accompanied by artist-physician Anna Zeligowski's lively drawings, which humorously and effectively illustrate the authors' points. Each chapter ends with a dialogue in which the authors refine their arguments against the vigorous skepticism of the fictional “I.M.” (for Ipcha Mistabra—Aramaic for “the opposite conjecture”). The extensive new chapter, presented engagingly as a dialogue with I.M., updates the information on each of the four dimensions—with special attention to the epigenetic, where there has been an explosion of new research. Praise for the first edition “With courage and verve, and in a style accessible to general readers, Jablonka and Lamb lay out some of the exciting new pathways of Darwinian evolution that have been uncovered by contemporary research.” —Evelyn Fox Keller, MIT, author of Making Sense of Life: Explaining Biological Development with Models, Metaphors, and Machines “In their beautifully written and impressively argued new book, Jablonka and Lamb show that the evidence from more than fifty years of molecular, behavioral and linguistic studies forces us to reevaluate our inherited understanding of evolution.” —Oren Harman, The New Republic “It is not only an enjoyable read, replete with ideas and facts of interest but it does the most valuable thing a book can do—it makes you think and reexamine your premises and long-held conclusions.” —Adam Wilkins, BioEssays
  imitative feature in biology: The Myth of Mirror Neurons: The Real Neuroscience of Communication and Cognition Gregory Hickok, 2014-08-18 An essential reconsideration of one of the most far-reaching theories in modern neuroscience and psychology. In 1992, a group of neuroscientists from Parma, Italy, reported a new class of brain cells discovered in the motor cortex of the macaque monkey. These cells, later dubbed mirror neurons, responded equally well during the monkey’s own motor actions, such as grabbing an object, and while the monkey watched someone else perform similar motor actions. Researchers speculated that the neurons allowed the monkey to understand others by simulating their actions in its own brain. Mirror neurons soon jumped species and took human neuroscience and psychology by storm. In the late 1990s theorists showed how the cells provided an elegantly simple new way to explain the evolution of language, the development of human empathy, and the neural foundation of autism. In the years that followed, a stream of scientific studies implicated mirror neurons in everything from schizophrenia and drug abuse to sexual orientation and contagious yawning. In The Myth of Mirror Neurons, neuroscientist Gregory Hickok reexamines the mirror neuron story and finds that it is built on a tenuous foundation—a pair of codependent assumptions about mirror neuron activity and human understanding. Drawing on a broad range of observations from work on animal behavior, modern neuroimaging, neurological disorders, and more, Hickok argues that the foundational assumptions fall flat in light of the facts. He then explores alternative explanations of mirror neuron function while illuminating crucial questions about human cognition and brain function: Why do humans imitate so prodigiously? How different are the left and right hemispheres of the brain? Why do we have two visual systems? Do we need to be able to talk to understand speech? What’s going wrong in autism? Can humans read minds? The Myth of Mirror Neurons not only delivers an instructive tale about the course of scientific progress—from discovery to theory to revision—but also provides deep insights into the organization and function of the human brain and the nature of communication and cognition.
  imitative feature in biology: The Emergence and Evolution of Religion Jonathan H. Turner, Alexandra Maryanski, Anders Klostergaard Petersen, Armin W. Geertz, 2017-08-10 Written by leading theorists and empirical researchers, this book presents new ways of addressing the old question: Why did religion first emerge and then continue to evolve in all human societies? The authors of the book—each with a different background across the social sciences and humanities—assimilate conceptual leads and empirical findings from anthropology, evolutionary biology, evolutionary sociology, neurology, primate behavioral studies, explanations of human interaction and group dynamics, and a wide range of religious scholarship to construct a deeper and more powerful explanation of the origins and subsequent evolutionary development of religions than can currently be found in what is now vast literature. While explaining religion has been a central question in many disciplines for a long time, this book draws upon a much wider array of literature to develop a robust and cross-disciplinary analysis of religion. The book remains true to its subtitle by emphasizing an array of both biological and sociocultural forms of selection dynamics that are fundamental to explaining religion as a universal institution in human societies. In addition to Darwinian selection, which can explain the biology and neurology of religion, the book outlines a set of four additional types of sociocultural natural selection that can fill out the explanation of why religion first emerged as an institutional system in human societies, and why it has continued to evolve over the last 300,000 years of societal evolution. These sociocultural forms of natural selection are labeled by the names of the early sociologists who first emphasized them, and they can be seen as a necessary supplement to the type of natural selection theorized by Charles Darwin. Explanations of religion that remain in the shadow cast by Darwin’s great insights will, it is argued, remain narrow and incomplete when explaining a robust sociocultural phenomenon like religion.
  imitative feature in biology: The Laws of Imitation - Scholar's Choice Edition Gabriel De Tarde, Elsie Worthington Clews Parsons, 2015-02-08 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
  imitative feature in biology: Social Learning Thomas R. Zentall, B. G. Galef, Jr., 2013-12-16 First published in 1988. During the past decade there has been a marked increase in the number of North American and European laboratories engaged in the study of social learning. As a consequence, evidence is rapidly accumulating that in animals, as in humans, social interaction plays an important role in facilitating development of adaptive patterns of behavior. Experimenters are isolated both by the phenomena they study and by the species with which they work. The process of creating a coherent field out of the diversity of current social learning research is likely to be both long and difficult. It the authors’ hope, that the present volume may prove a useful first step in bringing order to a diverse field.
  imitative feature in biology: Fundamentals of Evolutionary Game Theory and its Applications Jun Tanimoto, 2015-10-23 ​This book both summarizes the basic theory of evolutionary games and explains their developing applications, giving special attention to the 2-player, 2-strategy game. This game, usually termed a 2×2 game” in the jargon, has been deemed most important because it makes it possible to posit an archetype framework that can be extended to various applications for engineering, the social sciences, and even pure science fields spanning theoretical biology, physics, economics, politics, and information science. The 2×2 game is in fact one of the hottest issues in the field of statistical physics. The book first shows how the fundamental theory of the 2×2 game, based on so-called replicator dynamics, highlights its potential relation with nonlinear dynamical systems. This analytical approach implies that there is a gap between theoretical and reality-based prognoses observed in social systems of humans as well as in those of animal species. The book explains that this perceived gap is the result of an underlying reciprocity mechanism called social viscosity. As a second major point, the book puts a sharp focus on network reciprocity, one of the five fundamental mechanisms for adding social viscosity to a system and one that has been a great concern for study by statistical physicists in the past decade. The book explains how network reciprocity works for emerging cooperation, and readers can clearly understand the existence of substantial mechanics when the term network reciprocity is used. In the latter part of the book, readers will find several interesting examples in which evolutionary game theory is applied. One such example is traffic flow analysis. Traffic flow is one of the subjects that fluid dynamics can deal with, although flowing objects do not comprise a pure fluid but, rather, are a set of many particles. Applying the framework of evolutionary games to realistic traffic flows, the book reveals that social dilemma structures lie behind traffic flow.
  imitative feature in biology: Plugged in Patti M. Valkenburg, Jessica Taylor Piotrowski, 2017-01-01 Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Youth and Media -- 2 Then and Now -- 3 Themes and Theoretical Perspectives -- 4 Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers -- 5 Children -- 6 Adolescents -- 7 Media and Violence -- 8 Media and Emotions -- 9 Advertising and Commercialism -- 10 Media and Sex -- 11 Media and Education -- 12 Digital Games -- 13 Social Media -- 14 Media and Parenting -- 15 The End -- Notes -- Acknowledgments -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z
  imitative feature in biology: Aristotle's Philosophy of Biology James G. Lennox, 2001 In addition to being one of the world's most influential philosophers, Aristotle can also be credited with the creation of both the science of biology and the philosophy of biology. He was the first thinker to treat the investigations of the living world as a distinct inquiry with its own special concepts and principles. This book focuses on a seminal event in the history of biology - Aristotle's delineation of a special branch of theoretical knowledge devoted to the systematic investigation of animals. Aristotle approached the creation of zoology with the tools of subtle and systematic philosophies of nature and of science that were then carefully tailored to the investigation of animals. The papers collected in this 2001 volume, written by a pre-eminent figure in the field of Aristotle's philosophy and biology, examine Aristotle's approach to biological inquiry and explanation, his concepts of matter, form and kind, and his teleology.
  imitative feature in biology: Perspectives on Imitation: Imitation, human development, and culture Susan L. Hurley, Nick Chater, 2005 A state-of-the-art view of imitation from leading researchers in neuroscience and brain imaging, animal and developmental psychology, primatology, ethology, philosophy, anthropology, media studies, economics, sociology, education, and law.
  imitative feature in biology: Biology and Its Makers William Albert Locy, 1915
  imitative feature in biology: Evolutionary Game Theory Jörgen W. Weibull, 1997 Introduces current evolutionary game theory--where ideas from evolutionary biology and rationalistic economics meet--emphasizing the links between static and dynamic approaches and noncooperative game theory. This text introduces current evolutionary game theory--where ideas from evolutionary biology and rationalistic economics meet--emphasizing the links between static and dynamic approaches and noncooperative game theory. Much of the text is devoted to the key concepts of evolutionary stability and replicator dynamics. The former highlights the role of mutations and the latter the mechanisms of selection. Moreover, set-valued static and dynamic stability concepts, as well as processes of social evolution, are discussed. Separate background chapters are devoted to noncooperative game theory and the theory of ordinary differential equations. There are examples throughout as well as individual chapter summaries. Because evolutionary game theory is a fast-moving field that is itself branching out and rapidly evolving, Jörgen Weibull has judiciously focused on clarifying and explaining core elements of the theory in an up-to-date, comprehensive, and self-contained treatment. The result is a text for second-year graduate students in economic theory, other social sciences, and evolutionary biology. The book goes beyond filling the gap between texts by Maynard-Smith and Hofbauer and Sigmund that are currently being used in the field. Evolutionary Game Theory will also serve as an introduction for those embarking on research in this area as well as a reference for those already familiar with the field. Weibull provides an overview of the developments that have taken place in this branch of game theory, discusses the mathematical tools needed to understand the area, describes both the motivation and intuition for the concepts involved, and explains why and how it is relevant to economics.
  imitative feature in biology: A Troublesome Inheritance Nicholas Wade, 2014-05-06 Drawing on startling new evidence from the mapping of the genome, an explosive new account of the genetic basis of race and its role in the human story Fewer ideas have been more toxic or harmful than the idea of the biological reality of race, and with it the idea that humans of different races are biologically different from one another. For this understandable reason, the idea has been banished from polite academic conversation. Arguing that race is more than just a social construct can get a scholar run out of town, or at least off campus, on a rail. Human evolution, the consensus view insists, ended in prehistory. Inconveniently, as Nicholas Wade argues in A Troublesome Inheritance, the consensus view cannot be right. And in fact, we know that populations have changed in the past few thousand years—to be lactose tolerant, for example, and to survive at high altitudes. Race is not a bright-line distinction; by definition it means that the more human populations are kept apart, the more they evolve their own distinct traits under the selective pressure known as Darwinian evolution. For many thousands of years, most human populations stayed where they were and grew distinct, not just in outward appearance but in deeper senses as well. Wade, the longtime journalist covering genetic advances for The New York Times, draws widely on the work of scientists who have made crucial breakthroughs in establishing the reality of recent human evolution. The most provocative claims in this book involve the genetic basis of human social habits. What we might call middle-class social traits—thrift, docility, nonviolence—have been slowly but surely inculcated genetically within agrarian societies, Wade argues. These “values” obviously had a strong cultural component, but Wade points to evidence that agrarian societies evolved away from hunter-gatherer societies in some crucial respects. Also controversial are his findings regarding the genetic basis of traits we associate with intelligence, such as literacy and numeracy, in certain ethnic populations, including the Chinese and Ashkenazi Jews. Wade believes deeply in the fundamental equality of all human peoples. He also believes that science is best served by pursuing the truth without fear, and if his mission to arrive at a coherent summa of what the new genetic science does and does not tell us about race and human history leads straight into a minefield, then so be it. This will not be the last word on the subject, but it will begin a powerful and overdue conversation.
  imitative feature in biology: Cultural Anthropology A Toolkit for a Global Age Kenneth J Guest, 2016-10-11 The Second Edition of Ken Guest's Cultural Anthropology: A Toolkit for a Global Age covers the concepts that drive cultural anthropology by showing that now, more than ever, global forces affect local culture and the tools of cultural anthropology are relevant to living in a globalizing world.
  imitative feature in biology: Speechreading by Humans and Machines David G. Stork, Marcus E. Hennecke, 1996-09-01 This book is one outcome of the NATO Advanced Studies Institute (ASI) Workshop, Speechreading by Man and Machine, held at the Chateau de Bonas, Castera-Verduzan (near Auch, France) from August 28 to Septem ber 8, 1995 - the first interdisciplinary meeting devoted the subject of speechreading (lipreading). The forty-five attendees from twelve countries covered the gamut of speechreading research, from brain scans of humans processing bi-modal stimuli, to psychophysical experiments and illusions, to statistics of comprehension by the normal and deaf communities, to models of human perception, to computer vision and learning algorithms and hardware for automated speechreading machines. The first week focussed on speechreading by humans, the second week by machines, a general organization that is preserved in this volume. After the in evitable difficulties in clarifying language and terminology across disciplines as diverse as human neurophysiology, audiology, psychology, electrical en gineering, mathematics, and computer science, the participants engaged in lively discussion and debate. We think it is fair to say that there was an atmosphere of excitement and optimism for a field that is both fascinating and potentially lucrative. Of the many general results that can be taken from the workshop, two of the key ones are these: • The ways in which humans employ visual image for speech recogni tion are manifold and complex, and depend upon the talker-perceiver pair, severity and age of onset of any hearing loss, whether the topic of conversation is known or unknown, the level of noise, and so forth.
  imitative feature in biology: The World of Words Margaret Ann Richek, 1996
  imitative feature in biology: Verbal Behavior Burrhus Frederic Skinner, 1957
  imitative feature in biology: The Japanese Economy Mitsuo Sait?, 2000 This is an introduction to the Japanese economy. The general feature of the Japanese economy, together with its historical and geographical background, is first described. Its famous rapid economic growth in the 1960s are then analyzed quantitatively in the light of the econometric findings. The facts on the saving ratio, trade balances, technical progress, industrial structure, business cycles, economic development and so on are presented, and their relation to the economic performance are discussed. The elementary economic concepts and theories are also explained with illustrations from the Japanese economy, so that the book may be easily accessible to the general readers. The readers of the book will acquire a bird's-eye view of the Japanese economy and the theoretical elucidation of its special features.
  imitative feature in biology: Darwin's Unfinished Symphony Kevin N. Lala, 2018-09-11 Humans possess an extraordinary capacity for culture, from the arts and language to science and technology. But how did the human mind—and the uniquely human ability to devise and transmit culture—evolve from its roots in animal behavior? Darwin’s Unfinished Symphony presents a captivating new theory of human cognitive evolution. This compelling and accessible book reveals how culture is not just the magnificent end product of an evolutionary process that produced a species unlike all others—it is also the key driving force behind that process. Kevin N. Lala tells the story of the painstaking fieldwork, the key experiments, the false leads, and the stunning scientific breakthroughs that led to this new understanding of how culture transformed human evolution. It is the story of how Darwin’s intellectual descendants picked up where he left off and took up the challenge of providing a scientific account of the evolution of the human mind.
  imitative feature in biology: Evolution and Memory Caleb Gattegno, 2010-03-24 As Dr. Gattegno wrote The Science of Education treatise, he delved deep into the root of learning. This journey took him into the brain, through the ages, and caused him to greatly consider evolution and human potential. He put some of his findings aside for use in this book. Scientists of education may find this slim volume indispensable for their study of memory and its place in our ways of educating the young. Looking at all the references made to evolution in my writings on education over 30 years, I now find here and there a link of what is cardinal in this book: that individuality is the key to understanding evolution. - Caleb Gattegno
  imitative feature in biology: Developmental Education for Young Children Bert van Oers, 2012-06-16 Developmental Education is an approach to education in school that aims at promoting children’s cultural development and their abilities to participate autonomously and well-informed in the cultural practices of their community. From the point of view of Cultural-historical Activity theory (CHAT), a play-based curriculum has been developed over the past decades for primary school, which presents activity contexts for pupils in the classroom that create learning and teaching opportunities for helping pupils with appropriating cultural knowledge, skills, and moral understandings in meaningful ways. The approach is implemented in numerous Dutch primary schools classrooms with the explicit intention to support the learning of both pupils and teachers. The book focuses especially on education of young children (4 – 8 years old) in primary school and presents the underpinning concepts of this approach, and chapters on examples of good practices in a variety of subject matter areas, such as literacy (vocabulary acquisition, reading, writing), mathematics, and arts. Successful implementation of Developmental Education in the classroom strongly depends on dynamic assessment and continuous observations of young pupils’ development. Strategies for implementation of both the teaching practices and assessment strategies are discussed in detail in the book.
  imitative feature in biology: The Play of Man Karl Groos, 1908
  imitative feature in biology: The Mirror Neuron System Christian Keysers, Luciano Fadiga, 2009 Mirror neurons are premotor neurons, originally discovered in the macaque brain , that discharge both during execution of goal-directed actions and during the observation of similar actions executed by another individual. They therefore âe~mirrorâe(tm) othersâe(tm) actions on the observer's motor repertoire. In the last decade an impressive amount of work has been devoted to the study of their properties and to investigate if they are present also in our species. Neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques have shown that a mirror-neuron system does exist in the human brain as well. Among âe~mirrorâe(tm) human areas, Brocaâe(tm)s area (the frontal area for speech production) is almost constantly activated by action observation. This suggests a possible evolutionary link between action understanding and verbal communication. In the most recent years, mirror-like phenomena have been demonstrated also for domains others than the pure motor one. Examples of that are the somatosensory and the emotional systems, possibly providing a neurophysiological basis to phenomena such as embodiment and empathy. This special issue collects some of the most representative works on the mirror-neuron system to give a panoramic view on current research and to stimulate new experiments in this exciting field.
  imitative feature in biology: Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference, 1987
  imitative feature in biology: The Poetics of Aristotle Aristotle, 2017-03-07 In it, Aristotle offers an account of what he calls poetry (a term which in Greek literally means making and in this context includes drama - comedy, tragedy, and the satyr play - as well as lyric poetry and epic poetry). They are similar in the fact that they are all imitations but different in the three ways that Aristotle describes: 1. Differences in music rhythm, harmony, meter and melody. 2. Difference of goodness in the characters. 3. Difference in how the narrative is presented: telling a story or acting it out. In examining its first principles, Aristotle finds two: 1) imitation and 2) genres and other concepts by which that of truth is applied/revealed in the poesis. His analysis of tragedy constitutes the core of the discussion. Although Aristotle's Poetics is universally acknowledged in the Western critical tradition, almost every detail about his seminal work has aroused divergent opinions.
  imitative feature in biology: The Oxford Handbook of Virtue Nancy E. Snow, 2018 The late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have seen a renaissance in the study of virtue -- a topic that has prevailed in philosophical work since the time of Aristotle. Several major developments have conspired to mark this new age. Foremost among them, some argue, is the birth of virtue ethics, an approach to ethics that focuses on virtue in place of consequentialism (the view that normative properties depend only on consequences) or deontology (the study of what we have a moral duty to do). The emergence of new virtue theories also marks this new wave of work on virtue. Put simply, these are theories about what virtue is, and they include Kantian and utilitarian virtue theories. Concurrently, virtue ethics is being applied to other fields where it hasn't been used before, including bioethics and education. In addition to these developments, the study of virtue in epistemological theories has become increasingly widespread to the point that it has spawned a subfield known as 'virtue epistemology.' This volume therefore provides a representative overview of philosophical work on virtue. It is divided into seven parts: conceptualizations of virtue, historical and religious accounts, contemporary virtue ethics and theories of virtue, central concepts and issues, critical examinations, applied virtue ethics, and virtue epistemology. Forty-two chapters by distinguished scholars offer insights and directions for further research. In addition to philosophy, authors also deal with virtues in non-western philosophical traditions, religion, and psychological perspectives on virtue.
Mirror neurons 30 years later: implications and applications - Cell …
1 Jan 2011 · some scholars claimed that MNs ‘will do for psychology what DNA did for biology’ [6], whereas ... imitative responses [10]. ... and beliefs [29]. A general feature of other-selective neurons is that they are hosted in brain struc-tures primarily devoted to self-related information processing, and are usually found intermingled ...

Disentangled and Controllable Face Image Generation via 3D Imitative ...
space, we incorporate 3D priors in an imitative-contrastive learning scheme (Fig.2), described as follows. 3.1. Imitative Learning To learn how a face image should be generated following the desired properties, we incorporate a 3DMM model [33] and train the generator to imitate the rendered 3D faces. With a 3DMM, the 3D shape S and texture T of ...

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FEATURE The challenges of in silico biology - Harvard University
FEATURE The challenges of in silico biology Moving from a reductionist paradigm to one that views cells as systems will necessitate changes in both the culture and the practice of research. Bernhard Palsson Figure 1. The shift in emphasis of biological research. Biology has …

On Judith Butler and Performativity - SAGE Publications Inc
reveal the imitative nature ofall gender identi-ties. “In imitating gender, drag implicitly reveals the imitative structure of gender itself—as well as its contingency,”Butler claims; “part of the pleasure, the giddiness of the performance is in the recognition of a …

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is a central feature of social life and communication (Brooks and Meltzoff, 2002), even influencing eye anatomy (Kobayashi and Kohshima, 2001). Newborn humans are already responsive to their mothers’ visual orientation (Farroni et al., 2002), and coordination with others’ head and eye orientation to look in

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a universal feature of human societies (Mauss, 1902/2001). Though systematic meta-analysis on the prevalence of sympathetic magic has not been conducted yet, a simple keyword search in Human Relations Area Files (a comprehensive database …

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Feature Approaches to Biology Teaching and Learning
Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 PREFACE While this feature in CBE—Life Sciences Education most of-ten translates some aspect of the research literature—from cognitive science, psychology, science education, and other fields—into practical strategies for biology instructors, this

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Imitative Feature In Biology Word: Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology James Mark Baldwin,1911 Behindlings Nicola Barker,2009-10-13 Spurting with kinetic energy nasty wit and kindness to animals Wesley ought to be a star Or so it seems to the Behindlings followers who nip at his heels turn up everywhere he goes and lie in wait for him ...

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The American Biology Teacher, Vol. 80, No. 8, pp. 557–559, ISSN 0002-7685, electronic ISSN 1938-4211. ... THE AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER THE POWER AND PLACE OF STORIES IN BIOLOGY CLASS 557 FEATURE ARTICLE The Power and Place of Stories in Biology Class

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Feature point tracking and trajectory analysis for video imaging in ...
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Discriminative, Generative and Imitative Learning - ResearchGate
18 Dec 2001 · Discriminative, Generative and Imitative Learning by Tony Jebara B.Eng., Electrical Engineering McGill University, 1996 ... feature selection, and transduction. SVMs are also naturally subsumed ...

Motor differences in autism during a human-robot imitative …
13 Sep 2022 · Background: Difficulty with imitative gesturing is frequently observed as a clinical feature of autism. Current ... differences in imitative gesturing between autistic and neurotypical development during human-robot interaction. Methods: Thirty-five autistic (n = 19) and neurotypical (n = 16) participants imitated social gestures of an ...

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The gatekeepers revealed Proteins in cell membranes are notoriously hard to crystallize, but new techniques give scientists the means to map them.

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African elephants address one another with individually specific …
Personal names are a universal feature of human language, yet few analogues ... 1Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. 2Department of Electronic and Computer ... if the labels are imitative of the receiv - er’s calls or arbitrary, (3) if different callers share the same label ...

Feature Approaches to Biology Teaching and Learning
and within particular disciplinary contexts (e.g., biology vs. physics vs. music theory). So, how can we as biology educa-tors use what is currently known about metacognition to our and our students’ advantage to support biology teaching and learning? What could integrating student metacognition into a college biology course look like?

Robots Learn to Recognize Individuals from Imitative Encounters …
needed to learn in the Visual Feature N.N. increases as a function of the number of interactive participants (red line). When a new participant is introduced during the learning phase, the novelty module shows an important activity (green line) and a brief synchronous hit occurs in the Person Recognition N.N. corresponding to the

The meaning of meaningless gestures] A study of visuo!imitative …
G[ Goldenberg and S[ Hagmann:The meaning of meaningless gestures] A study of visuo!imitative apraxia 224 Digit Span was 5 and Corsi Block Span 3[ correct imitation on _rst trial two points were ...

Introduction what is Ritual Its Definition and Characteristics
beliefs. Performing these rituals is a part of human nature and biology that is deeply embedded in genetic evolution. During the 20th and early 21st centuries, anthropologists have made enormous strides in understanding ritual, and ethologists (scientists who study animal behavior) have expanded our knowledge about the broad evo-

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each feature say how the eukaryotic cell differs. 4 (b) Why are mutations in mitochondrial DNA in the male of no evolutionary significance? 3 Total 7 6. Distinguish each of the following pairs: (a) oxidase phosphorylation and oxidative photophosphorylation 2 (b) oxysomes and quantosomes 2 (c) mitochodrial matrix and chloroplast stroma 2 Total 6 ...

Feature selection for kernel methods in systems biology
in() D +) ()+ + , ()= (() > > (, +) ()+ + .(): ((,)= (,),,. in ()=(()),. (()= ()(), ()= (+ ()) ()(,() ()] = ((),() ()()= [((),) ((),. ((((,() (=·.

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(ii) State one feature visible in Fig. 1.1 that is present in insects but not in the other groups of arthropods..... [1] (iii) Complete Table 1.1 by writing: • the names of two groups of arthropods other than insects • one identifying feature for each named group. Table 1.1 arthropod group name of the arthropod group identifying feature 1 2 [4]

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Imitative Planning using Conditional Normalizing Flow Shubhankar Agarwal Uber Advanced Technologies Group sagarwal@uber.com Harshit Sikchi ... an internal feature representation. Actor detections and future predictions are generated from the output of backbone network using separate deep networks, described in section4.1. ...

f g@microsoft.com arXiv:2004.11660v2 [cs.CV] 4 Sep 2020
We define the following loss functions on xfor imitative learning. First, we enforce xto mimic the identity of x^ perceptually by lid I (x) = max(1 ˝;0); (2) where fid() is the deep identity feature from a face recog-nition network, <;>denotes cosine similarity, and ˝is a constant margin which we empirically set as 0:3. Since 2

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Higher Biology Course code: C807 76 Course assessment code: X807 76 SCQF: level 6 (24 SCQF credit points) Valid from: session 2022–23 This document provides detailed information about the course and course assessment to ensure consistent and transparent assessment year on year. It describes the structure of

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mind, this feature first demonstrates the important con-nection between biology and social issues, and then ex-amines how the history of biology can be used to infuse relevance into the biology curriculum. CONNECTING BIOLOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE TO SOCIAL ISSUES Stories that focus on the people of biology remind students

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1 feature Voices of chemical biology We asked a collection of chemical biologists, “What is the most exciting frontier area in chemical biology and what

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A Imitation Learning: A Survey of Learning Methods
rized into: creating feature representations, direct imitation and indirect learning. The methods and sources of learning for each process are reviewed as well as evaluation metrics and applications suitable for these methods. 1In the last two years the virtual reality market has attracted major technology companies and billions

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It is expected that the students would get an exposure to various branches of Biology in thecurriculum in a more contextual and systematic manner as they study its various units. BIOLOGY (Code No. 044)COURSE STRUCTURE CLASS XI (2024 -25) (THEORY) Time: 03 Hours Max. Marks: 70 Unit Title Marks I Diversity of Living Organisms 15

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imitative arts, but also in the emulation of virtue. 3 Michael O’Dea (Lyon II Lumiere): Smith and Rousseau On Imitation in the Arts Abstract ... individual while in Rousseau it is an institutional feature. Whereas in Smith justice emerges from the sympathetic process, in Rousseau it is a normative ideal that must be attained ...

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4 Chapter One 1. Introduction Dear learner! Welcome to this module which deals about the course, General Biology (Biol. 1012). This module chapter is primarily intended for natural science students to familiarize with basic concepts of biological science, the nature and origin of life, scientific methods and the subject matter of biology.

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3 UCLES 2023 0610/31/M/J/23 [Turn over (c) Adaptive features enable organisms to survive in their environment. Fig. 1.2 is a photograph of another species of arthropod. Some of its adaptive features are visible in Fig. 1.2. Fig. 1.2 (i) State one adaptive feature visible in Fig. 1.2 that reduces water loss when the organism is on land.

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Feature Approaches to Biology Teaching and Learning
EXAMPLE I: PORTRAYING BIOLOGY: WHO CAN BE ROCK STARS OF SCIENCE? I know of no individuals or organizations in the biological sciences that would endorse the claim that only white males have the potential to become successful biology researchers. Most, in fact, would be mortified and vehemently oppose such a statement.

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