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| history of us foreign policy: US Foreign Policy in World History David Ryan, 2000 A survey of US foreign relations and its perceived crusade to spread liberty and democracy in the two hundred years since the American Revolution. It is structured around central episodes and ideas in the history of US foreign policy. |
| history of us foreign policy: America in the World Robert B. Zoellick, 2020-08-04 America has a long history of diplomacy–ranging from Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson to Henry Kissinger, Ronald Reagan, and James Baker–now is your chance to see the impact these Americans have had on the world. Recounting the actors and events of U.S. foreign policy, Zoellick identifies five traditions that have emerged from America's encounters with the world: the importance of North America; the special roles trading, transnational, and technological relations play in defining ties with others; changing attitudes toward alliances and ways of ordering connections among states; the need for public support, especially through Congress; and the belief that American policy should serve a larger purpose. These traditions frame a closing review of post-Cold War presidencies, which Zoellick foresees serving as guideposts for the future. Both a sweeping work of history and an insightful guide to U.S. diplomacy past and present, America in the World serves as an informative companion and practical adviser to readers seeking to understand the strategic and immediate challenges of U.S. foreign policy during an era of transformation. |
| history of us foreign policy: Guide to U.S. Foreign Policy Robert J. McMahon, Thomas W. Zeiler, 2012-08-02 At no time in American history has an understanding of the role and the art of diplomacy in international relations been more essential than it is today. Both the history of U.S. diplomatic relations and the current U.S. foreign policy in the twenty-first century are major topics of study and interest across the nation and around the world. Spanning the entire history of American diplomacy—from the First Continental Congress to the war on terrorism to the foreign policy goals of the twenty-first century—Guide to U.S. Foreign Policy traces not only the growth and development of diplomatic policies and traditions but also the shifts in public opinion that shape diplomatic trends. This comprehensive, two-volume reference shows how the United States gained the strength of a giant and also analyzes key world events that have determined the United States’ changing relations with other nations. The two volumes’ structure makes the key concepts and issues accessible to researchers: The set is broken up into seven parts that feature 40 topical and historical chapters in which expert writers cover the diplomatic initiatives of the United States from colonial times through the present day. Volume II’s appendix showcases an A-to-Z handbook of diplomatic terms and concepts, organizations, events, and issues in American foreign policy. The appendix also includes a master bibliography and a list of presidents; secretaries of state, war, and defense; and national security advisers and their terms of service. This unique reference highlights the changes in U.S. diplomatic policy as government administrations and world events influenced national decisions. Topics include imperialism, economic diplomacy, environmental diplomacy, foreign aid, wartime negotiations, presidential influence, NATO and its role in the twenty-first century, and the response to terrorism. Additional featured topics include the influence of the American two-party system, the impact of U.S. elections, and the role of the United States in international organizations. Guide to U.S. Foreign Policy is the first comprehensive reference work in this field that is both historical and thematic. This work is of immense value for researchers, students, and others studying foreign policy, international relations, and U.S history. ABOUT THE EDITORS Robert J. McMahon is the Ralph D. Mershon Professor of History in the Mershon Center for International Security Studies at The Ohio State University. He is a leading historian of American diplomatic history and is author of several books on U.S. foreign relations. Thomas W. Zeiler is professor of history and international affairs at the University of Colorado at Boulder and is the executive editor of the journal Diplomatic History. |
| history of us foreign policy: Toward "thorough, Accurate, and Reliable" William B. McAllister, Joshua Botts, Peter Cozzens, Aaron W. Marrs, 2015 Toward Thorough, Accurate, and Reliable explores the evolution of the Foreign Relations of the United States documentary history series from its antecedents in the early republic through the early 21st century implementation of its current mandate, the 1991 Foreign Relations statute. This book traces how policymakers and an expanding array of stakeholders translated values like security, legitimacy, and transparency into practice as they debated how to balance the government's obligation to protect sensitive information with its commitment to openness. Determining the people's right to know has fueled lively discussion for over two centuries, and this work provides important, historically informed perspectives valuable to policymakers and engaged citizens as that conversation continues. Policymakers, citizens, especially political science researchers, political scientists, academic, high school, public librarians and students performing research for foreign policy issues will be most interested in this volume. Other related products: Available print volumes of the Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) series can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/international-foreign-affairs/foreign-relations-united-states-series-frus |
| history of us foreign policy: The Routledge History of U.S. Foreign Relations Tyson Reeder, 2021-12-30 The Routledge History of U.S. Foreign Relations provides a comprehensive view of U.S. diplomacy and foreign affairs from the founding to the present. With contributions from recognized experts from around the world, this volume unveils America’s long and complicated history on the world stage. It presents the United States’ evolution from a weak player, even a European pawn, to a global hegemonic leader over the course of two and a half centuries. The contributors offer an expansive vision of U.S. foreign relations—from U.S.-Native American diplomacy in eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to the post-9/11 war on terror. They shed new light on well-known events and suggest future paths of research, and they capture lesser-known episodes that invite reconsideration of common assumptions about America’s place in the world. Bringing these discussions to a single forum, the book provides a strong reference source for scholars and students who seek to understand the broad themes and changing approaches to the field. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of U.S. history, political science, international relations, conflict resolution, and public policy, amongst other areas. |
| history of us foreign policy: Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations Michael J. Hogan, Thomas G. Paterson, 2004-01-19 Originally published in 1991, Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations has become an indispensable volume not only for teachers and students in international history and political science, but also for general readers seeking an introduction to American diplomatic history. This collection of essays highlights a variety of newer, innovative, and stimulating conceptual approaches and analytical methods used to study the history of American foreign relations, including bureaucratic, dependency, and world systems theories, corporatist and national security models, psychology, culture, and ideology. Along with substantially revised essays from the first edition, this volume presents entirely new material on postcolonial theory, borderlands history, modernization theory, gender, race, memory, cultural transfer, and critical theory. The book seeks to define the study of American international history, stimulate research in fresh directions, and encourage cross-disciplinary thinking, especially between diplomatic history and other fields of American history, in an increasingly transnational, globalizing world. |
| history of us foreign policy: A Concise History of U.S. Foreign Policy Joyce P. Kaufman, 2010-01-16 A third edition of this book is now available. Now in a fully updated edition, this knowledgeable and reader-friendly text gives a conceptual and historical overview of American foreign relations from the founding to the present. Providing students with a solid and readily understandable framework for evaluating American foreign policy decisions, Joyce P. Kaufman clearly explains key decisions and why they were made. Compact yet thorough, the book offers instructors a concise introduction that can be easily supplemented with other sources. |
| history of us foreign policy: The Tragedy of U.S. Foreign Policy Walter A. McDougall, 2018-11-22 A fierce critique of civil religion as the taproot of America’s bid for global hegemony Pulitzer Prize–winning historian Walter A. McDougall argues powerfully that a pervasive but radically changing faith that “God is on our side” has inspired U.S. foreign policy ever since 1776. The first comprehensive study of the role played by civil religion in U.S. foreign relations over the entire course of the country’s history, McDougall’s book explores the deeply infused religious rhetoric that has sustained and driven an otherwise secular republic through peace, war, and global interventions for more than two hundred years. From the Founding Fathers and the crusade for independence to the Monroe Doctrine, through World Wars I and II and the decades-long Cold War campaign against “godless Communism,” this coruscating polemic reveals the unacknowledged but freely exercised dogmas of civil religion that bind together a “God blessed” America, sustaining the nation in its pursuit of an ever elusive global destiny. |
| history of us foreign policy: Ideology in U.S. Foreign Relations Christopher McKnight Nichols, David Milne, 2022-08-09 Winner, 2023 Joseph Fletcher Prize for Best Edited Book in Historical International Relations, History Section, International Studies Association Ideology drives American foreign policy in ways seen and unseen. Racialized notions of subjecthood and civilization underlay the political revolution of eighteenth-century white colonizers; neoconservatism, neoliberalism, and unilateralism propelled the post–Cold War United States to unleash catastrophe in the Middle East. Ideologies order and explain the world, project the illusion of controllable outcomes, and often explain success and failure. How does the history of U.S. foreign relations appear differently when viewed through the lens of ideology? This book explores the ideological landscape of international relations from the colonial era to the present. Contributors examine ideologies developed to justify—or resist—white settler colonialism and free-trade imperialism, and they discuss the role of nationalism in immigration policy. The book reveals new insights on the role of ideas at the intersection of U.S. foreign and domestic policy and politics. It shows how the ideals coded as “civilization,” “freedom,” and “democracy” legitimized U.S. military interventions and enabled foreign leaders to turn American power to their benefit. The book traces the ideological struggle over competing visions of democracy and of American democracy’s place in the world and in history. It highlights sources beyond the realm of traditional diplomatic history, including nonstate actors and historically marginalized voices. Featuring the foremost specialists as well as rising stars, this book offers a foundational statement on the intellectual history of U.S. foreign policy. |
| history of us foreign policy: American Foreign Policy Daniel S. Papp, Loch K. Johnson, John E. Endicott, 2005 American Foreign Policy in a New Era utilizes the three major approaches to foreign policy analysis giving students an opportunity to obtain a comprehensive 360 degree understanding of U.S. foreign policy. Students will use the methodologies of history and diplomatic history to develop an understanding of past U.S. foreign policy and how the United States became what it is today in global affairs; employ a variety of social science methodologies used to explore the forces that shape and influence U.S. foreign policy; and they will engage in policy analysis to study in depth five issues-areas in contemporary U.S. foreign policy. |
| history of us foreign policy: The Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations Walter LaFeber, 1993-09-24 The American Search for Opportunity, 1865-1913 analyzes the period between the American Civil War and World War I (1865-1913) as the formative basis for twentieth-century American world power--The American Century as it has become known--and examines the Imperial Presidency that these roots produced. The extent of U.S. power was so great that it not only transformed American society, but reshaped other societies around the globe as well, by helping fuel--and in some cases directly causing--the great revolutions of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries in Mexico, Russia, China, Cuba, Hawaii, the Philippines, Panama, and Central America. The book, therefore, not only examines American history, but the history of many other areas that were dramatically affected by U.S. power as they entered the twentieth century. |
| history of us foreign policy: Bending History Martin S. Indyk, Kenneth G. Lieberthal, Michael E. O'Hanlon, 2013-09-04 By the time of Barack Obama's inauguration as the 44th president of the United States, he had already developed an ambitious foreign policy vision. By his own account, he sought to bend the arc of history toward greater justice, freedom, and peace; within a year he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, largely for that promise. In Bending History, Martin Indyk, Kenneth Lieberthal, and Michael O’Hanlon measure Obama not only against the record of his predecessors and the immediate challenges of the day, but also against his own soaring rhetoric and inspiring goals. Bending History assesses the considerable accomplishments as well as the failures and seeks to explain what has happened. Obama's best work has been on major and pressing foreign policy challenges—counterterrorism policy, including the daring raid that eliminated Osama bin Laden; the reset with Russia; managing the increasingly significant relationship with China; and handling the rogue states of Iran and North Korea. Policy on resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, however, has reflected serious flaws in both strategy and execution. Afghanistan policy has been plagued by inconsistent messaging and teamwork. On important softer security issues—from energy and climate policy to problems in Africa and Mexico—the record is mixed. As for his early aspiration to reshape the international order, according greater roles and responsibilities to rising powers, Obama's efforts have been well-conceived but of limited effectiveness. On issues of secondary importance, Obama has been disciplined in avoiding fruitless disputes (as with Chavez in Venezuela and Castro in Cuba) and insisting that others take the lead (as with Qaddafi in Libya). Notwithstanding several missteps, he has generally managed well the complex challenges of the Arab awakenings, striving to strike the right balance between U.S. values and interests. The authors see Obama's foreign policy to date as a triumph of discipline and realism over ideology. He has been neither the transformative beacon his devotees have wanted, nor the weak apologist for America that his critics allege. They conclude that his grand strategy for promoting American interests in a tumultuous world may only now be emerging, and may yet be curtailed by conflict with Iran. Most of all, they argue that he or his successor will have to embrace U.S. economic renewal as the core foreign policy and national security challenge of the future. |
| history of us foreign policy: The Abandonment of the West Michael Kimmage, 2020-04-21 This definitive portrait of American diplomacy reveals how the concept of the West drove twentieth-century foreign policy, how it fell from favor, and why it is worth saving. Throughout the twentieth century, many Americans saw themselves as part of Western civilization, and Western ideals of liberty and self-government guided American diplomacy. But today, other ideas fill this role: on one side, a technocratic liberal international order, and on the other, the illiberal nationalism of America First. In The Abandonment of the West, historian Michael Kimmage shows how the West became the dominant idea in US foreign policy in the first half of the twentieth century -- and how that consensus has unraveled. We must revive the West, he argues, to counter authoritarian challenges from Russia and China. This is an urgent portrait of modern America's complicated origins, its emergence as a superpower, and the crossroads at which it now stands. |
| history of us foreign policy: American Foreign Relations Walter L. Hixson, 2015-10-08 American Foreign Relations: A New Diplomatic History is a compelling narrative history of American foreign policy from the early settlement of North America to the present. In addition to economic and strategic motives, Walter L. Hixson integrates key cultural factors—including race, gender, and religion—into the story of American foreign policy. He demonstrates how these factors played a vital role in shaping the actions of the United States in world affairs. Beginning with the history of warfare and diplomacy between indigenous peoples and Europeans before the establishment of the United States, this book shows the formative influence of settler colonialism on the country’s later foreign policy and the growth of American empire. Clearly written and comprehensive, the book features: Extensive illustrations, with over 100 images and maps Primary documents in each chapter, showcasing the perspectives of historical actors Interpreting the Past features that explore how historians’ understanding of events has changed over time Selected bibliographies of key resources for further research in each chapter In one concise volume, American Foreign Relations covers the full sweep of American foreign policy from the colonial period to the present day. It is an essential introduction for anyone seeking to understand the history of America’s role in the world. |
| history of us foreign policy: Hard Line Colin Dueck, 2010-09-05 Conservatives and liberals alike are currently debating the probable future of the Republican Party. What direction will conservatives and republicans take on foreign policy in the age of Obama? This book tackles this question. |
| history of us foreign policy: The Wilsonian Century Frank Ninkovich, 1999 For most of this century, American foreign policy was guided by a set of assumptions that were formulated during World War I by President Woodrow Wilson. In this incisive reexamination, Frank Ninkovich argues that the Wilsonian outlook, far from being a crusading, idealistic doctrine, was reactive, practical, and grounded in fear. Wilson and his successors believed it absolutely essential to guard against world war or global domination, with the underlying aim of safeguarding and nurturing political harmony and commercial cooperation among the great powers. As the world entered a period of unprecedented turbulence, Wilsonianism became a crisis internationalism dedicated to preserving the benign vision of normal internationalism with which the United States entered the twentieth century. In the process of describing Wilson's legacy, Ninkovich reinterprets most of the twentieth century's main foreign policy developments. He views the 1920s, for example, not as an isolationist period but as a reversion to Taft's Dollar Diplomacy. The Cold War, with its faraway military interventions, illustrates Wilsonian America's preoccupation with achieving a cohesive world opinion and its abandonment of traditional, regional conceptions of national interest. The Wilsonian Century offers a striking alternative to traditional interest-based interpretations of U.S. foreign policy. In revising the usual view of Wilson's contribution, Ninkovich shows the extraordinary degree to which Wilsonian ideas guided American policy through a century of conflict and tension. [A] succinct but sweeping survey of American foreign relations from Theodore Roosevelt to Bill Clinton. . . . [A] thought-provoking book.—Richard V. Damms, History [W]orthy of sharing shelf space with George F. Kennan, William Appleman Williams, and other major foreign policy theorists.—Library Journal |
| history of us foreign policy: American Foreign Relations: A Very Short Introduction Andrew Preston, 2019-04-01 For better or worse--be it militarily, politically, economically, technologically, or culturally--Americans have had a profound role in shaping the wider world beyond them. The United States has been a savior to some, a curse to others, but either way such views are often based on a caricature of American actions and intentions. American Foreign Relations, then, is a subject of immense global importance that provokes strong emotions and much debate, but often based on deep misunderstanding. This Very Short Introduction analyzes the key episodes, themes, and individuals in the history of American foreign relations. While discussing diplomacy and the periods of war that have shaped national and international history, it also addresses such topics as industrialization, globalization, imperialism, and immigration. Covering the Revolution through the War on Terror, it examines the connections between domestic politics and foreign affairs, as well as the importance of ideals and values. Sharply written and highly readable, American Foreign Relations offers a clear-eyed narrative of America's role in the world and how it has evolved over time. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable. |
| history of us foreign policy: The History of American Foreign Policy From 1895 Jerald A. Combs, 2012-06-04 This affordable text offers a clear, concise and readable narrative and analytical history of American foreign policy since the Spanish-American War. Special attention is given to the controversial issues and contrasting views that surround major wars and foreign policy decisions that the United States has made from 1895 to the present. The book narrates events and policies but goes further to emphasize the international setting and constraints within which American policy-makers had to operate, the domestic pressures on those policy-makers, and the ideologies, preferences, and personal idiosyncrasies of the leaders themselves. |
| history of us foreign policy: U.S. Foreign Policy Steven W. Hook, 2015-12-08 The same aspects of American government and society that propelled the United States to global primacy have also hampered its orderly and successful conduct of foreign policy. This paradox challenges U.S. leaders to overcome threats to America's world power in the face of fast-moving global developments and political upheavals at home. The fully updated Fifth Edition of Steven W. Hook’s U.S. Foreign Policy: The Paradox of World Power explores this paradox, identifies its key sources and manifestations, and considers its future implications as it asks whether U.S. foreign policymakers can manage these dynamics in a manner that preserves U.S. primacy. |
| history of us foreign policy: Last Western Empire Anthony Gronowicz, 2021-05-22 The United States, founded as an extension of the British Empire, never planned to accept a multipolar world upon its ascension to dominance in the early twentieth century. The U.S. prospered through geographic isolation and two world wars even as it regularly descends into race-based political chaos due to a historical legacy of internal chattel slavery. Its foreign policy is founded on militarism, the major force in advancing global economic hegemony over all competitors. This 15-chapter book begins with the two-ocean Spanish-American War, preparing Washington for World War I and then explores how Washington prompted corporations and universities to enable the Axis Powers. Last Western Empire addresses how Soviet military victory over Germany in World War II prompted Washington's Cold War. In the aftermath of world war, the U.S. engaged in a succession of interventions, including Puerto Rico and Korea. The book highlights President Kennedy's fleeting attempt at peaceful coexistence, followed by the about face and the unleashing of the military by his presidential successors: Johnson and Nixon, with the support of the political establishment. President Carter armed Iraq to attack Iran while the Reagan-Bush regime aided both sides to covertly finance contra terrorism against Nicaragua, exposing their unconstitutional foreign policy decisions. Major historical events are analyzed, from the dismantling of the Soviet Union to 9/11 and its aftermath, as the U.S. used the attacks as pretext to invade, occupy, and seize Iraq's oil. U.S. foreign policy in the first two decades of the twentieth century reveal a penchant to consolidate and expand its sphere of influence, from reinforcing control over Latin America through the overthrow of Honduran democracy to seeking to erode Russia's influence. Last Western Empire demonstrates that Washington continues to expand global power and influence through full-spectrum dominance, for example, demonizing of Russia, China, and Iran and supporting unsavory forces in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia through funding, training and financially supporting opposition to governments that do not conform to its imperialist designs. |
| history of us foreign policy: Special Providence Walter Russell Mead, 2013-05-13 God has a special providence for fools, drunks and the United States of America.--Otto von Bismarck America's response to the September 11 attacks spotlighted many of the country's longstanding goals on the world stage: to protect liberty at home, to secure America's economic interests, to spread democracy in totalitarian regimes and to vanquish the enemy utterly. One of America's leading foreign policy thinkers, Walter Russell Mead, argues that these diverse, conflicting impulses have in fact been the key to the U.S.'s success in the world. In a sweeping new synthesis, Mead uncovers four distinct historical patterns in foreign policy, each exemplified by a towering figure from our past. Wilsonians are moral missionaries, making the world safe for democracy by creating international watchdogs like the U.N. Hamiltonians likewise support international engagement, but their goal is to open foreign markets and expand the economy. Populist Jacksonians support a strong military, one that should be used rarely, but then with overwhelming force to bring the enemy to its knees. Jeffersonians, concerned primarily with liberty at home, are suspicious of both big military and large-scale international projects. A striking new vision of America's place in the world, Special Providence transcends stale debates about realists vs. idealists and hawks vs. doves to provide a revolutionary, nuanced, historically-grounded view of American foreign policy. |
| history of us foreign policy: U.S. Foreign Policy in Perspective David Sylvan, Stephen Majeski, 2009-02-05 What is the long-term nature of American foreign policy? This new book refutes the claim that it has varied considerably across time and space, arguing that key policies have been remarkably stable over the last hundred years, not in terms of ends but of means. Closely examining US foreign policy, past and present, David Sylvan and Stephen Majeski draw on a wealth of historical and contemporary cases to show how the US has had a 'client state' empire for at least a century. They clearly illustrate how much of American policy revolves around acquiring clients, maintaining clients and engaging in hostile policies against enemies deemed to threaten them, representing a peculiarly American form of imperialism. They also reveal how clientilism informs apparently disparate activities in different geographical regions and operates via a specific range of policy instruments, showing predictable variation in the use of these instruments. With a broad range of cases from US policy in the Caribbean and Central America after the Spanish-American War, to the origins of the Marshall Plan and NATO, to economic bailouts and covert operations, and to military interventions in South Vietnam, Kosovo and Iraq, this important book will be of great interest to students and researchers of US foreign policy, security studies, history and international relations. This book has a dedicated website at: www.us-foreign-policy-prespective.org featuring additional case studies and data sets. |
| history of us foreign policy: US Foreign Policy in the Middle East Bledar Prifti, 2017-02-06 This book provides a comprehensive historical overview of US foreign policy in the Middle East using the theoretical framework of offensive realism and highlighting the role of geography and regional power distribution in guiding foreign policy. It argues that the US has been pursuing the same geostrategic interests from President Truman’s policy of containment to President Obama’s speak softly and carry a big stick policy, and contends that the US-Iran relationship has been largely characterized by continued cooperation due to shared geostrategic interests. The book highlights the continuity in US foreign policy over the last seven decades and offers a prediction for US foreign policy in reaction to current and future global events. As such, it will serve as a reference guide for not only scholars but also policy analysts and practitioners. |
| history of us foreign policy: The Four Ages of American Foreign Policy Michael Mandelbaum, 2022 Independence, 1765-1788 -- In the shadow of the French Revolution, 1788-1815 -- The continental republic, 1815-1865 -- Great-power debut, 1865-1914 -- The offshore balancer, 1914-1933 -- The arsenal of democracy, 1933-1945 -- The contest of systems, 1945-1953 -- War improbable, peace impossible -- A superpower dies in bed -- The new world order, 1990-2001 -- Back to the future, 2001-2015. |
| history of us foreign policy: The New Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations: Volume 4, Challenges to American Primacy, 1945 to the Present Warren I. Cohen, 2013-05-13 Since their first publication, the four volumes of the Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations have served as the definitive source for the topic, from the colonial period to the Cold War. The fourth volume of the updated edition explores the conditions in the international system at the end of World War II, the American determination to provide leadership, and the security dilemma each superpower posed for the other. This revised and expanded edition incorporates recent scholarship and revelations, carrying the narrative through the years following the end of the Cold War into the administration of Barack Obama. The character of the American political system is explored, including the separation of political powers and the role of interest groups that prompted American leaders to exaggerate dangers abroad to enhance their domestic power. This new edition examines the conditions in the international system from the end of World War II to the present, focusing on the American determination to provide world leadership. |
| history of us foreign policy: Washington's Farewell Address George Washington, 1907 |
| history of us foreign policy: Subversion as Foreign Policy Audrey Kahin, George McTurnan Kahin, 1997 Based on access to secret documents and interviews with many of the participants, Subversion as Foreign Policy is an extraordinary account of civil war in Indonesia provoked by President Eisenhower and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, and resulting in the killing of thousands of Indonesians and the destruction of much of the country's air force and navy. This startling new book reveals a covert intervention by the United States in Indonesia in the late 1950s involving, among other things, the supply of thousands of weapons, the creation and deployment of a secret CIA air force and logistical support from the Seventh Fleet. The intervention occurred on such a massive scale that it is difficult to believe it has been kept almost totally secret from the American public for nearly 40 years. And this CIA operation proved to be even more disastrous than the Bay of Pigs. -- San Francisco Chronicle An exemplary study of an ignominious chapter of the Cold War in Southeast Asia. -- Journal of Asian Studies Subversion as Foreign Policy is a remarkable book.... The Kahins have provided a rare insight into the workings of U.S. policy towards Indonesia, both clandestine and official. -- London Times Literary Supplement |
| history of us foreign policy: Foreign Policy Begins at Home Richard N Haass, 2014-04-08 A concise, comprehensive guide to America's critical policy choices at home and overseas . . . without a partisan agenda, but with a passion for solutions designed to restore our country's strength and enable us to lead. -- Madeleine K. Albright A rising China, climate change, terrorism, a nuclear Iran, a turbulent Middle East, and a reckless North Korea all present serious challenges to America's national security. But it depends even more on the United States addressing its burgeoning deficit and debt, crumbling infrastructure, second class schools, and outdated immigration system. While there is currently no great rival power threatening America directly, how long this strategic respite lasts, according to Council on Foreign Relations President Richard N. Haass, will depend largely on whether the United States puts its own house in order. Haass lays out a compelling vision for restoring America's power, influence, and ability to lead the world and advocates for a new foreign policy of Restoration that would require the US to limit its involvement in both wars of choice, and humanitarian interventions. Offering essential insight into our world of continual unrest, this new edition addresses the major foreign and domestic debates since hardcover publication, including US intervention in Syria, the balance between individual privacy and collective security, and the continuing impact of the sequester. |
| history of us foreign policy: This Vast Southern Empire Matthew Karp, 2016-09-12 Winner of the John H. Dunning Prize, American Historical Association Winner of the Stuart L. Bernath Book Prize, Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations Winner of the James H. Broussard Best First Book Prize, Society for Historians of the Early American Republic Winner of the North Jersey Civil War Round Table Book Award Finalist for the Harriet Tubman Prize, Lapidus Center for the Historical Analysis of Transatlantic Slavery When the United States emerged as a world power in the years before the Civil War, the men who presided over the nation’s triumphant territorial and economic expansion were largely southern slaveholders. As presidents, cabinet officers, and diplomats, slaveholding leaders controlled the main levers of foreign policy inside an increasingly powerful American state. This Vast Southern Empire explores the international vision and strategic operations of these southerners at the commanding heights of American politics. “At the close of the Civil War, more than Southern independence and the bones of the dead lay amid the smoking ruins of the Confederacy. Also lost was the memory of the prewar decades, when Southern politicians and pro-slavery ambitions shaped the foreign policy of the United States in order to protect slavery at home and advance its interests abroad. With This Vast Southern Empire, Matthew Karp recovers that forgotten history and presents it in fascinating and often surprising detail.” —Fergus Bordewich, Wall Street Journal “Matthew Karp’s illuminating book This Vast Southern Empire shows that the South was interested not only in gaining new slave territory but also in promoting slavery throughout the Western Hemisphere.” —David S. Reynolds, New York Review of Books |
| history of us foreign policy: A New Foreign Policy Jeffrey D. Sachs, 2018-10-02 In this sobering analysis of American foreign policy under Trump, the award-winning economist calls for a new approach to international engagement. The American Century began in 1941 and ended in 2017, on the day of President Trump’s inauguration. The subsequent turn toward nationalism and “America first” unilateralism did not made America great. It announced the abdication of our responsibilities in the face of environmental crises, political upheaval, mass migration, and other global challenges. As a result, America no longer dominates geopolitics or the world economy as it once did. In this incisive and passionate book, Jeffrey D. Sachs provides the blueprint for a new foreign policy that embraces global cooperation, international law, and aspirations for worldwide prosperity. He argues that America’s approach to the world must shift from military might and wars of choice to a commitment to shared objectives of sustainable development. A New Foreign Policy explores both the danger of the “America first” mindset and the possibilities for a new way forward, proposing timely and achievable plans to foster global economic growth, reconfigure the United Nations for the twenty-first century, and build a multipolar world that is prosperous, peaceful, fair, and resilient. |
| history of us foreign policy: Mission Failure Michael Mandelbaum, 2016 Mission Failure argues that, in the past 25 years, the U.S. military has turned to missions that are largely humanitarian and socio-political - and that this ideologically-driven foreign policy generally leads to failure. |
| history of us foreign policy: US Foreign Policy Richard Johnson, 2021-06-29 This textbook provides a valuable introduction to the construction and application of US foreign policy in the modern era, encouraging readers to think about how ideas, institutions and goals have been at work in the foreign policy of recent presidential administrations. |
| history of us foreign policy: Crises in U.S. Foreign Policy Michael H. Hunt, University Michael H Hunt, 1996-01-01 Contains primary source material. |
| history of us foreign policy: Rogue States and U.S. Foreign Policy Robert Litwak, 2000-02-14 President Clinton and other U.S. officials have warned that rogue states pose a major threat to international peace in the post-Cold War era. But what exactly is a rogue state? Does the concept foster a sound approach to foreign policy, or is it, in the end, no more than a counterproductive political epithet? Robert Litwak traces the origins and development of rogue state policy and then assesses its efficacy through detailed case studies of Iraq, Iran, and North Korea. He shows that the policy is politically selective, inhibits the ability of U.S. policymakers to adapt to changed conditions, and has been rejected by the United States' major allies. Litwak concludes that by lumping and demonizing a disparate group of countries, the rogue state approach obscures understanding and distorts policymaking. In place of a generic and constricting strategy, he argues for the development of differentiated strategies of containment, tailored to the particular circumstances within individual states. |
| history of us foreign policy: Days of Decision Michael J. Nojeim, David P. Kilroy, 2011 Days of Decision spans a century of American foreign policymaking, from the Spanish- American War of 1898 to the attacks of September 11, 2001. Michael J. Nojeim and David P. Kilroy carefully examine twelve foreign-policy landmarks, each of which played a crucial role in shaping world history and led to profound changes in U.S. foreign policy. Devoting one chapter to each turning point, they place it in its proper historical context, explore its political consequences--primarily the debates and divisions that arose among policymakers--and discuss the aftermath, focusing on its lasting influence on world affairs and the conduct of American diplomacy and foreign affairs. This accessible, introductory text provides students of foreign policy and international relations a deeper understanding of these disciplines' processes and of America's place in the world. |
| history of us foreign policy: Crucible of Power Howard Jones, 2008 In this updated edition of Crucible of Power, Howard Jones draws on his remarkable breadth as a historian of U.S. foreign relations to produce a distinguished survey of America's growth from an emerging power in the 1890s to its present day position of global preeminence. Comprehensive, tempered, and highly accessible, Jones demonstrates the complexities facing U.S. policy makers and the limitations on their actions. |
| history of us foreign policy: Exporting Democracy Abraham F. Lowenthal, 1991-03 The idea that the United States can and should help Latin America achieve democracy has been a recurrent theme in US foreign policy throughout the 20th century, but systematic analysis of the history of US efforts has been lacking. In 14 essays by scholars from the US, Latin America, and Europe, motives, methods, and results are explored, revealing little enduring success and much that has been counterproductive. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| history of us foreign policy: American Government 3e Glen Krutz, Sylvie Waskiewicz, 2023-05-12 Black & white print. American Government 3e aligns with the topics and objectives of many government courses. Faculty involved in the project have endeavored to make government workings, issues, debates, and impacts meaningful and memorable to students while maintaining the conceptual coverage and rigor inherent in the subject. With this objective in mind, the content of this textbook has been developed and arranged to provide a logical progression from the fundamental principles of institutional design at the founding, to avenues of political participation, to thorough coverage of the political structures that constitute American government. The book builds upon what students have already learned and emphasizes connections between topics as well as between theory and applications. The goal of each section is to enable students not just to recognize concepts, but to work with them in ways that will be useful in later courses, future careers, and as engaged citizens. In order to help students understand the ways that government, society, and individuals interconnect, the revision includes more examples and details regarding the lived experiences of diverse groups and communities within the United States. The authors and reviewers sought to strike a balance between confronting the negative and harmful elements of American government, history, and current events, while demonstrating progress in overcoming them. In doing so, the approach seeks to provide instructors with ample opportunities to open discussions, extend and update concepts, and drive deeper engagement. |
| history of us foreign policy: Peace, War, and Liberty Christopher A. Preble, 2019 A historically-grounded examination of United States foreign policy that interrogates the ideological assumptions--whether explicit or tacit--that drive it. |
| history of us foreign policy: The Myth of American Diplomacy Walter L. Hixson, 2008-10-01 In this major reconceptualization of the history of U.S. foreign policy, Walter Hixson engages with the entire sweep of that history, from its Puritan beginnings to the twenty-first century’s war on terror. He contends that a mythical national identity, which includes the notion of American moral superiority and the duty to protect all of humanity, has had remarkable continuity through the centuries, repeatedly propelling America into war against an endless series of external enemies. As this myth has supported violence, violence in turn has supported the myth. The Myth of American Diplomacy shows the deep connections between American foreign policy and the domestic culture from which it springs. Hixson investigates the national narratives that help to explain ethnic cleansing of Indians, nineteenth-century imperial thrusts in Mexico and the Philippines, the two World Wars, the Cold War, the Iraq War, and today’s war on terror. He examines the discourses within America that have continuously inspired what he calls our “pathologically violent foreign policy.” The presumption that, as an exceptionally virtuous nation, the United States possesses a special right to exert power only encourages violence, Hixson concludes, and he suggests some fruitful ways to redirect foreign policy toward a more just and peaceful world. |
America in the World: A History of U.S. Diplomacy and Foreign Policy
After four decades of practice and two of intense retirement, I have gained a new perspective on this subject.
US 20th Century Diplomatic History - Department of History
_____ ed. Race and U.S. Foreign Policy from the Colonial Period to the Present. Meriwether, James. Proudly We Can Be Africans: Black Americans and Africa, 1935--1961.
Seeing the Big Picture: One Hundred Years of U.S. Foreign Policy …
anese attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii brought the U.S. into World War II. From 1941 – 1945. U.S. fought in Europe and Asia to defeat Germany, Japan and their allies. (The U.S. fought as a …
Old Paradigms in History Die Hard in Political Science: US Foreign ...
In the United States, this predominant idea is American ex-ceptionalism, which in turn is used to explain US foreign policy traditions over time. This article argues that the predominant definition …
US foreign relations in the twentieth century: from world power to ...
In this way, the history of American foreign relations in the twentieth century can be seen (as it has been since the Revolution) as a series of Great Debates.7 These debates have concerned not just …
Think Tanks and U.S. Foreign Policy: An Historical Perspective
Instead, I will briefly explore the evolution and proliferation of American think tanks and highlight the various strategies they rely on to contribute to foreign policy decision-making.
Theories of Foreign Policy: An Historical Overview
known as Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) as the most obvious source of theories of foreign policy behaviour, it is important to remember that all perspectives on the subject of international …
Introduction: Th inking about History and Foreign Policy - Brookings
Scholarship on topics of foreign policy, international development, and military force has evolved since the 1970s and 1980s, and new studies of history and policy must take this research...
Michael Cox and Doug Stokes, eds. US Foreign Policy
In terms of structure, the introduction is followed by a chapter on the theories underpinning US foreign policy and another chapter on the vexed issue of American exceptionalism.
INTEGRATING HUMAN RIGHTS IN US FOREIGN POLICY: THE …
4 Jun 2016 · Human rights have always played a role in foreign policy throughout American history because this country was founded on a constitution and bill of rights that proclaimed freedom …
Enduring Legacy of Realism and the US Foreign Policy: Dynamics of ...
Enduring Legacy of Realism and the US Foreign Policy: Dynamics of Prudence, National Interest, and Balance of Power. Orient Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2018,
The End of World Order and American Foreign Policy
First, they argue that American foreign policy must begin at home, and the United States needs to focus on improv-ing domestic governance and its economic competitiveness so that the...
Theories of US Foreign Policy: An Overview - sciedu.ca
A careful reading of US history of foreign policy in the nineteen century indicates that the United States succeeded in expanding across the North America and gained a number of offshore …
International Affairs 76, I (2000) 25-40 25 - JSTOR
For historians of American foreign relations the twentieth century begins with the Spanish-American War of I898. Like all wars, the name and the dates are.
Twenty Years after 9/11: Implications for US Policy in the Middle East
10 Aug 2023 · Another major historical preoccupation of US policy in the Middle East has been the defense of Israel. But, thanks largely to over $146 billion in US assistance over the years, Israel …
TRENDS IN THE COLD WAR HISTORIOGRAPHY OF U.S. FOREIGN …
Almost all the basic topics of US foreign policy in the past were re-examined by the radicals, focussing on expansion, regarding it as the cornerstone of US foreign policy.
LEAVING CERT HISTORY PAST PAPERS ESSAY QUESTIONS
What was the significance of one or more of the following in US history: Hollywood, 1945- 1968; the Montgomery bus boycott; religion in modern American culture? 2011
The 1920–1945 Shift in US Foreign Policy Orientation: Theory, …
The 1920–1945 Shift in US Foreign Policy Orientation: Theory, Grand Strategies, and System Leader Ascents WILLIAMR. THOMPSON Indiana University Grand strategy change analyses exhibit …
Comment: Defining U.S. Foreign Policy - JSTOR
18 May 2002 · According to LaFeber, the history of American foreign policy reveals a recurring formula: "American exceptionalism plus the nature of U.S. power equals the efficacy of its …
American Foreign Policy for the New Era - tobinproject.org
American Foreign Policy for the New Era Stephen Van Evera A NEW AMERICAN POLICY: SUMMARY What foreign policy should the United States adopt in the post-9/11 era? The …
US Foreign Policy and Iran: American-Iranian Relations since the ...
US foreign policy towards Iran. The author relies on many interviews and other primary sources, as well as an impressive array of secondary publications, to explain how domestic and …
U.S. Role in the World: Background and Issues for Congress
a foreign policy of seeking primacy or world hegemony. Defense and Promotion of Liberal International Order A second key element of the traditional U.S. role in the world since World …
US Foreign Policy | Sample answer - Studyclix
US foreign policy changed a lot in the years before and throughout the Cold War and became increasingly more important. After WWII, Germany and Berlin were both divided and split into …
HISTORY
HISTORY The making of a Superpower: USA, 1865–1975 Component 1K From Civil War to World War, 1865–1920 ... 0 3 ‘US foreign policy remained isolationist throughout the years …
U.S. Foreign Policy: The Origins of the Cold War
It will be difficult to understand present US foreign policy w ithout some sense the historical context in which it was developed. For nearly fifty years, from 1945 to 1991, the global …
Examine the impact of the foreign policy of two authoritarian …
Germans in the east. Mao also used foreign policy as a means to consolidate power. Both states used foreign policy as an effective tool of propaganda and as a justification for internal purges …
History of International Relations and Russian Foreign Policy in …
1. The Asia-Pacific Region After WWI. The Far East Policy Issue at the Paris Peace Conference ..... 136 2. Soviet Policy in the Far East (1917-1921). The Far Eastern Republic. Soviet Policy …
HISTORY OF U S FOREIGN RELATIONS - Northwestern University
the planet. Its foreign relations are thus a matter of interest, not only as part of U.S. history, but also as part of global history. This upper-level lecture course considers the rise of the United …
Think Tanks and U.S. Foreign Policy: An Historical Perspective
foreign policy-making community is what some have referred to as “legacy-based.” Legacy-based think tanks, including the Carter Center in Atlanta and the Washington, D.C.-based Nixon …
♦ The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy - JSTOR
over foreign-policy questions of war and peace simply by coordinating the expression of private citizens' ostensible self-interest. Public-choice scholars and other curious individuals will relish …
No. 50 Price 4d ne. t AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY - Biblioteca del …
For the greate parr t of its history th, e United State has s been abl teo ignor the powee politicr of less fortúnats e ... American foreign policy and of American public sentiment towards question …
Italy’s Foreign Policy in 2023 - IAI
coordinated by the Italian Foreign Policy programme of the Institute. The report covers all the core areas of Italian foreign policy, from the relationship with the European Union and European …
Trade Policy History - British Academy
and discussion about what history can tell us about the future. There are two components to the programme of work for each policy history: • An historical analysis which involves desk …
Isolationism and U.S. Foreign Policy - JSTOR
Isolationism and U.S. Foreign Policy Franklin L. Lavin Executive Director of the Asia Pacific Policy Center In recent months, voices from that of historian Arthur Schlesinger, to National Security …
9/11 and American Foreign Policy - JSTOR
The genius of American foreign policy is the capacity to recalibrate the rela tionships between these variables; the nightmare of American foreign policy is that the relationships forever …
Review of the Balance of Competences between the United …
Given the term “foreign policy” can mean many different things, it is worth at the outset explaining the scope of this report. We have included here analysis of international security and defence …
Central America and the United States: Overlooked Foreign Policy …
American foreign policy archives, and they, too, have focused upon signif-icant events.2 Despite the emphasis upon United States policy and the preponderant use of United States sources, …
Chinese Foreign Policy during the Maoist Era and its Lessons for …
The foreign policy of the first few years of the People’s Republic developed from a complex mix of new conditions in the world after World War II:--The development of national liberation …
Exploring the link between historical memory and foreign policy: …
US foreign policy. The construction of (populist) historical narratives As Lina Klymenko’s contribution shows, narratives also play an important role in shaping foreign policy decisions. …
Enduring Legacy of Realism and the US Foreign Policy: Dynamics …
behind state policies.15This study endeavors to explain US foreign policy in the post-cold war era, while taking stock of differing realist assumptions, and policy prescriptions. Theory and …
US 20th Century Diplomatic History - Department of History
Ambrose, Stephen. Rise to Globalism: American Foreign Policy Since 1938. Combs, Jerald. The History of American Foreign Policy, vol. 1 and 2. Dean, Robert. Imperial Brotherhood: Gender …
GEOGRAPHY AND FOREIGN POLICY - JSTOR
GEOPOLITICS AND FOREIGN POLICY 215 recounting history? Of course not. He criticizes and disowns those he deems false, incomplete, or tendentious. The same should hold true for …
FOREIGN POLICY - Surendranath Evening College
foreign policy is the attitude of the decision and policy makers. Foreign policy is based significantly on the leadership qualities as it determines the strength and direction of foreign policy of a …
Comment: Defining U.S. Foreign Policy - JSTOR
18 May 2002 · Bush Doctrine does follow a pattern in American foreign policy, one that brings together American exceptionalism and American unilateralism. According to LaFeber, the …
The Militarization of U.S. Foreign Policy - NCAFP
The Militarization of U.S. Foreign Policy Karl W. Eikenberry Version of record first published: 29 Jan 2013. To cite this article: Karl W. Eikenberry (2013): The Militarization of U.S. Foreign …
The United States’ Foreign Policy in Africa in the 21st Century
A Brief History of U.S. Foreign Policy 138 The Challenge of the Democratization Process in Africa 140 The Role of the United States in the Democratization Process in Africa 144 Prospects of …
The Kurds and US Foreign Policy: International Relations in - JSTOR
The author demonstrates that US foreign policy towards the Kurds is not mono lithic, varying in time and space. US policy towards the various Kurdish movements is different due to the non …
LSE IDEAS Future of UK Foreign Policy
Britain’s national interests, establish the goals of policy and set the means by which to achieve them. The salience of this exercise in refocusing UK foreign policy can hardly be understated. …
Who Influences U.S. Foreign Policy? - Northwestern University …
foreign policy is likely to suffer if the mass public is allowed to have much direct impact. Evidence that ... Research on epistemic communities has two implications that are important for us. …
Knowledge Communities in US Foreign Policy Making: The …
15 Nov 2022 · Knowledge Communities in US Foreign Policy Making: The American China Field and the End of Engagement with the PRC David M. McCourt To cite this article: David M. …
2009 US Foreign Policy in Lebanon
Throughout Lebanon's history, actors have been seen to represent the opposing forces in the cold war, civilizational divisions, or neighboring hostile states. These lenses, obscuring the …
Who Influences U.S. Foreign Policy? - JSTOR
3 May 2016 · U.S. FOREIGN POLICY Three prominent, empirically based views of who in-fluences U.S. foreign policy suggest sharply different predictions. Neoliberalism and Organized …
The Foreign Policies of the George W. Bush Administration
priority in the administration's foreign policy, not because Russia was any sort of threat anymore, but because President Vladimir Putin's willingness to agree to ABM renunciation was a key to …
Pretexts and US Foreign Policy: The War on Terrorism in …
This article will analyze the use of pretexts in US foreign policy. The basic argument is that American foreign policy since 1945 has followed a distinct pattern, wherein policy e´lites have …
Connections between Domestic and Foreign Policy - JSTOR
foreign policy. Dienstbier's vision of a many-layered, ambitious foreign policy—but nevertheless one that would have been realistic in presenting its own image—was substanti ally reduced. …
Evangelicals, Israel and US Foreign Policy - Taylor & Francis Online
US foreign policy towards Israel. There really is an Israel lobby that influences US foreign policy, but it is made up of more Christians than Jews. By itself, the fact that religious beliefs are …
little attention has been paid to Liberia's foreign policy ... - JSTOR
This foreign policy remained intact until the 1980 coup when the indigenous Africans came to power. Traditionally, foreign relations are the policies used by nations in con-ducting their …
Early American Foreign Policy and the Origin of the Monroe Doctrine
Early American Foreign Policy and the Origin of the Monroe Doctrine ... “The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in ... 1808-1814: The Napoleonic War, known in Spanish …
Syllabus - University of Notre Dame
1. Several theories about foreign policy. In social science, theories are rough guides that help us identify patterns in history. This allows us to (roughly) diagnose problems, predict the future, …
A Revisionist View of Nixon's Foreign Policy - JSTOR
Foreign policy is the area in which Richard Nixon's unprecedented resignation as ... Even more coincidental, perhaps, each had a history of failure and rejection, which made them …
3. Factors influencing the mindset of foreign policy actors
foreign policy actors vying to influence foreign policy formulation. Weak collaboration between government and Party organizations plagues official decision-making processes at every level. …
The Evolution of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy: From the Pre ... - IJRHSS
Nigeria’s foreign policy can be traced to periods of the country’s existence. These periods are the colonial period and the post-colonial period. The colonial period, between 1914 and 1960 is …
Immigration as Foreign Policy in U.S. Latin American Relations
Title: Immigration as Foreign Policy in U.S. Latin American Relations Author: Jorge I. Domínguez Keywords: International Latin America Created Date
Clashing over Commerce: A History of US Trade Policy
visive trade- policy debates in US history. The debate brought business in-terests, labor unions, and grass- roots political groups, most of which were opposed to any such agreement, into the …
Interests, Identity, and American Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy at the End of the Century (New York: Longman, 1997), pp. 27-28. In private polls conducted for the 1996 Clinton reelection campaign, chief strategist Dick Morris found that “a …
The American Revolution and the Origin of American Foreign Policy …
American Foreign Policy by Tadashi A ruga The outbreak of the American Revolution eventually led to an international war, directly involving France, Spain and the Netherlands. From the …
History of U.S. Children’s Policy, 1900-Present - First Focus
decisions; state policy developments largely are excluded. THE AMERICAN CHILD IN 1900: THE SETTING FOR PROGRESSIVE REFORM The turn of the 20th century was a time of profound …
Culture As a Part of Foreign. Policy - JSTOR
foreign policies, e.g. Wilsonian idealism and the corporatism of the 1920s, that can be traced to distinctive features in American culture, but is also fully aware that culture and foreign policy …
IMPLEMENTING U.S. FOREIGN POLICY: A FRAMEWORK FOR …
To “fix” American foreign policy, it is best to form a framework by which the foreign policy process can be understood; while also learning what foreign policy should be aimed at accomplishing; …
