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| history of transgender athletes in sports: Sporting Gender Joanna Harper, 2019-12-03 The Tokyo Olympic Games are likely to feature the first transgender athlete, a topic that will be highly contentious during the competition. But transgender and intersex athletes such as Laurel Hubbard, Tifanny Abreu, and Caster Semenya didn’t just turn up overnight. Both intersex and transgender athletes have been newsworthy stories for decades. In Sporting Gender: The History, Science, and Stories of Transgender and Intersex Athletes, Joanna Harper provides an in-depth examination of why gender diverse athletes are so controversial. She not only delves into the history of these athletes and their personal stories, but also explains in a highly accessible manner the science behind their gender diversity and why the science is important for regulatory committees—and the general public—to consider when evaluating sports performance. Sporting Gender gives the reader a perspective that is both broad in scope and yet detailed enough to grasp the nuances that are central in understanding the controversies over intersex and transgender athletes. Featuring personal investigations from the author, who has had first-person access to some of the most significant recent developments in this complex arena, this book provides fascinating insight into sex, gender, and sports. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Transgender Athletes in Competitive Sport Eric Anderson, Ann Travers, 2017-06-26 While efforts to include gay and lesbian athletes in competitive sport have received significant attention, it is only recently that we have begun examining the experiences of transgender athletes in competitive sport. This book represents the first comprehensive study of the challenges that transgender athletes face in competitive sport; and the challenges they pose for this sex-segregated institution. Beginning with a discussion of the historical role that sport has played in preserving sex as a binary, the book examines how gender has been policed by policymakers within competitive athletics. It also considers how transgender athletes are treated by a system predicated on separating males from females, consequently forcing transgender athletes to negotiate the system in coercive ways. The book not only exposes our culture’s binary thinking in terms of both sex and gender, but also offers a series of thought-provoking and sometimes contradictory recommendations for how to make sport more hospitable, inclusive and equitable. Transgender Athletes in Competitive Sport is important reading for all students and scholars of the sociology of sport with an interest in the relationship between sport and gender, politics, identity and ethics. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Strong Women, Deep Closets Pat Griffin, 1998 Former athlete and coach Pat Griffin makes a provocative and impassioned call for attention to a topic too long avoided by women's sports advocates. In Strong Women, Deep Closets, she provides a critical analysis of discrimination and prejudice against lesbians in sport. The book is the first to explore the lesbian sporting experience as well as examine homophobia and heterosexism in women's sport. The work is based on theoretical and historical foundations and is written in an academic yet engaging style. Griffin brings to light the experiences of lesbian coaches and athletes in their own words. Strong Women, Deep Closetsconcludes with Griffin's assessment of the current state of lesbians' rights in athletics, set against the overall social picture in the United States. The author lists obstacles lesbian athletes face in transforming sports and details numerous personal and political strategies for leveling the playing field. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Women and Sports in the United States Jean O'Reilly, 2012-01-01 The only anthology available documenting 100 years of women in American sports |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: LGBTQ+ Athletes Claim the Field Kirstin Cronn-Mills, Alex Jackson Nelson, 2017 In 2015, the world watched as soccer star Abby Wambach kissed her wife after the US women's World Cup victory. Milwaukee Brewers' minor league first baseman David Denson came out as gay. And Caitlyn (born Bruce) Jenner, an Olympic decathlete, came out as transgender. It hasn't always been this way. Many great athletes have stayed in the closet their whole lives, or at least until retirement. Social attitudes, institutional policies, and laws are slow to change, but they are catching up. Together, athletes, families, educators, allies, and fans are pushing for competitive equity so that every athlete, regardless of identity, can have the opportunity to play at their very best. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Sexual Minorities in Sports Melanie L. Sartore-Baldwin, 2013 What does it mean to be gay, lesbian¿or anyone else considered a sexual ¿other¿¿in the arena of competitive sports? With what consequences? The authors of Sexual Minorities in Sports shed light on the dynamics of sexual prejudice in venues ranging from high school athletics to the Olympics and the major leagues. Case studies of the experiences of LGBT athletes, coaches, and administrators also take account of the important role of race. Empirically rich and full of theoretical insights, the book concludes by pinpointing opportunities for confronting prejudice and empowering individuals across the lines of both gender and sexual orientation. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Throw Like a Girl, Cheer Like a Boy Robyn Ryle, 2020-06-29 A thought-provoking journey into the complicated history of gender, sexuality, race, and social justice through the world of sports. Have you ever wondered why most cheerleaders are girls? Or why some athletes, like Caster Semenya, have to prove they’re women while there’s no testing for men? And why do athletes like Megan Rapinoe and Colin Kaepernick use sports as a platform for social justice, and should they? These questions and more are examined in Throw Like a Girl, Cheer Like a Boy: The Evolution of Gender, Identity, and Race in Sports. Robyn Ryle uses the world of sports to examine the history, controversy, and current conversations around sexuality, race, and social justice, bringing in the stories of today’s athletes to highlight the issues. Topics covered include gender segregation, gender testing, transgender athletes, sexuality, homophobia, globalization, race, and activism. Throw Like a Girl, Cheer Like a Boy shows the great strides that have been made in the sports world, but there are still questions that remain and work that needs to be done. This book brings to attention the ways in which sports can contribute to inequalities while also demonstrating how sports can help create a more just world for everyone. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Proud to Play Erin Silver, 2021-01-14 The 2018 Winter Olympics marked a milestone for LGBTQ+ athletes. Thirteen athletes out of 3,000 competitors were out and proud — nearly double the number who felt comfortable sharing their sexuality four years earlier at the Sochi Games. Many athletes stay closeted for their entire sports careers, often unable to compete at their highest ability because of the shame and self-doubt they feel in not being true to their orientation or identity. But coming out still means facing harassment from fans, teammates, opponents, and the media, and a lack of sponsorship opportunities. While organizations like You Can Play, the Canadian Olympic Committee and Eagle Canada have made progress in recent years in promoting inclusivity at the grassroots and elite sporting levels, there is still much work to be done to ensure all athletes feel safe being their authentic selves. Athletes profiled include swimmer Mark Tewksbury, rhythmic gymnast Rose Cossar, professional hockey player Brock McGillis, speed skater Anastasia Bucsis, pairs figure skater Eric Radford, volleyball players Betty Baxter and Christopher Voth and hockey player Angela James. Generously illustrated with photographs and given context by an overview of the history of LGBTQ+ athletes in Canada, this book will make all young sports enthusiasts and competitors proud to play. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Routledge Handbook of Sport, Gender and Sexuality Jennifer Hargreaves, Eric Anderson, 2014-03-05 The Routledge Handbook of Sport, Gender and Sexuality brings together important new work from 68 leading international scholars that, collectively, demonstrates the intrinsic interconnectedness of sport, gender and sexuality. It introduces what is, in essence, a sophisticated sub-area of sport sociology, covering the field comprehensively, as well as signalling ideas for future research and analysis. Wide-ranging across different historical periods, different sports, and different local and global contexts, the book incorporates personal, ideological and political narratives; varied conceptual, methodological and theoretical approaches; and examples of complexities and nuanced ways of understanding the gendered and sexualized dynamics of sport. It examines structural and cultural forms of gender segregation, homophobia, heteronormativity and transphobia, as well as the ideological struggles and changes that have led to nuanced ways of thinking about the sport, gender and sexuality nexus. This is a landmark work of reference that will be a key resource for students and researchers working in sport studies, gender studies, sexuality studies or sociology. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Obie Is Man Enough Schuyler Bailar, 2021-09-07 A coming-of-age story about transgender tween Obie, who didn't think being himself would cause such a splash. For fans of Alex Gino's George and Lisa Bunker's Felix Yz. Obie knew his transition would have ripple effects. He has to leave his swim coach, his pool, and his best friends. But it’s time for Obie to find where he truly belongs. As Obie dives into a new team, though, things are strange. Obie always felt at home in the water, but now he can’t get his old coach out of his head. Even worse are the bullies that wait in the locker room and on the pool deck. Luckily, Obie has family behind him. And maybe some new friends too, including Charlie, his first crush. Obie is ready to prove he can be one of the fastest boys in the water—to his coach, his critics, and his biggest competition: himself. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Sex Testing Lindsay Pieper, 2016-05-30 In 1968, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) implemented sex testing for female athletes at that year's Games. When it became clear that testing regimes failed to delineate a sex divide, the IOC began to test for gender--a shift that allowed the organization to control the very idea of womanhood. Ranging from Cold War tensions to gender anxiety to controversies around doping, Lindsay Parks Pieper explores sex testing in sport from the 1930s to the early 2000s. Pieper examines how the IOC in particular insisted on a misguided binary notion of gender that privileged Western norms. Testing evolved into a tool to identify--and eliminate--athletes the IOC deemed too strong, too fast, or too successful. Pieper shows how this system punished gifted women while hindering the development of women's athletics for decades. She also reveals how the flawed notions behind testing--ideas often sexist, racist, or ridiculous--degraded the very idea of female athleticism. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Game Changers Molly Schiot, 2016-10-18 “The embrace of women’s sports sometimes feels almost like a political act...Molly Schiot’s Game Changers: The Unsung Heroines of Sports History is so valuable.” —The Wall Street Journal “A thoughtful, exhaustively researched, and long-overdue tribute to the women who have paved the way for the likes of Serena Williams, Abby Wambach, Simone Biles, and more.” —espnW Based on the Instagram account @TheUnsungHeroines, a celebration of the pioneering, forgotten female athletes of the twentieth century that features rarely seen photos and new interviews with past and present game changers including Abby Wambach and Cari Champion. Two years ago, filmmaker Molly Schiot began the Instagram account @TheUnsungHeroines, posting a photo each day of a female athlete who had changed the face of sports around the globe in the pre-Title IX age. These women paved the way for Serena Williams, Carli Lloyd, and Lindsey Vonn, yet few today know who they are. Slowly but surely, the account gained a following, and the result is Game Changers, a beautifully illustrated collection of these trailblazers’ rarely-before-seen photos and stories. Featuring icons Althea Gibson and Wyomia Tyus, complete unknowns Trudy Beck and Conchita Cintron, policymaker Margaret Dunkle, sportswriter Lisa Olson, and many more, Game Changers gives these “founding mothers” the attention and recognition they deserve, and features critical conversations between past and present gamechangers—including former US Women’s National Soccer Team captain Abby Wambach and SportsCenter anchor Cari Champion—about what it means to be a woman on and off the field. Inspiring, empowering, and unforgettable, Game Changers is the perfect gift for anyone who has a love of the game. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know about Trans (But Were Afraid to Ask) Brynn Tannehill, 2018-11-21 Leading activist and essayist Brynn Tannehill tells you everything you ever wanted to know about transgender issues but were afraid to ask. The book aims to break down deeply held misconceptions about trans people across all aspects of life, from politics, law and culture, through to science, religion and mental health, to provide readers with a deeper understanding of what it means to be trans. The book walks the reader through transgender issues, starting with What does transgender mean? before moving on to more complex topics including growing up trans, dating and sex, medical and mental health, and debates around gender and feminism. Brynn also challenges deliberately deceptive information about transgender people being put out into the public sphere. Transphobic myths are debunked and biased research, bad statistics and bad science are carefully and clearly refuted. This important and engaging book enables any reader to become informed the most critical public conversations around transgender people, and become a better ally as a result. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Testosterone Rebecca M. Jordan-Young, Katrina Karkazis, 2019-10-15 An Independent Publisher Book Awards Gold Medal Winner A Progressive Book of the Year A TechCrunch Favorite Read of the Year “Deeply researched and thoughtful.” —Nature “An extended exercise in myth busting.” —Outside “A critique of both popular and scientific understandings of the hormone, and how they have been used to explain, or even defend, inequalities of power.” —The Observer Testosterone is a familiar villain, a ready culprit for everything from stock market crashes to the overrepresentation of men in prisons. But your testosterone level doesn’t actually predict your appetite for risk, sex drive, or athletic prowess. It isn’t the biological essence of manliness—in fact, it isn’t even a male sex hormone. So what is it, and how did we come to endow it with such superhuman powers? T’s story begins when scientists first went looking for the chemical essence of masculinity. Over time, it provided a handy rationale for countless behaviors—from the boorish to the enviable. Testosterone focuses on what T does in six domains: reproduction, aggression, risk-taking, power, sports, and parenting, addressing heated debates like whether high-testosterone athletes have a natural advantage as well as disagreements over what it means to be a man or woman. “This subtle, important book forces rethinking not just about one particular hormone but about the way the scientific process is embedded in social context.” —Robert M. Sapolsky, author of Behave “A beautifully written and important book. The authors present strong and persuasive arguments that demythologize and defetishize T as a molecule containing quasi-magical properties, or as exclusively related to masculinity and males.” —Los Angeles Review of Books “Provides fruitful ground for understanding what it means to be human, not as isolated physical bodies but as dynamic social beings.” —Science |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Fair Play Cyd Zeigler, 2016-06-07 Cyd Zeigler tells the story of how sports have been radically transformed for LGBT athletes in the past four years, for Dave Zirin's Edge of Sports imprint. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Sexual Orientation, Gender Identities, and the Law Iain W. Barksdale, 2018 Sexual Orientation, Gender Identities, and the Law: A Research Bibliography, 2006-2016 is the third published iteration of an ongoing commitment by the Standing Committee on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. This volume, the only work of its kind, provides a bibliometric analysis of legal scholarship to evaluate scholarly trends, patterns, and the development of major themes and voices. It provides clarity of language incorporating a detailed glossary in the front matter of the volume. The information within this bibliography--the chosen citations, the publication details, the annotations both summary and evaluative--offer more than accurate details about each specific entry: they provide a story with a point of view as well as raw data for future studies that the editors and the contributors could not have anticipated.--Publisher. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: The Edge Roger Pielke, 2016-09-13 Roger Pielke reveals how sports stars break the rules in their search for a competitive edge. Both entertaining and thought-provoking, THE EDGE not only visits the battlefields in the war against cheating and corruption, but also explores ways to ensure that “the spirit of sport” can survive in today’s high-tech, highly professional world. Drawing on controversies straight out of the headlines, Pielke looks at doping, match fixing, fake amateurism, and other ways of breaking the rules. But are those rules--and the values they reflect--hopelessly outdated? Wonderfully readable and scrupulously researched, THE EDGE blends science and journalism to produce an unforgettable account of sport in crisis. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: The Heritage Howard Bryant, 2018-05-08 Following in the footsteps of Robeson, Ali, Robinson and others, today’s Black athletes re-engage with social issues and the meaning of American patriotism Named a best book of 2018 by Library Journal It used to be that politics and sports were as separate from one another as church and state. The ballfield was an escape from the world’s worst problems, top athletes were treated like heroes, and cheering for the home team was as easy and innocent as hot dogs and beer. “No news on the sports page” was a governing principle in newsrooms. That was then. Today, sports arenas have been transformed into staging grounds for American patriotism and the hero worship of law enforcement. Teams wear camouflage jerseys to honor those who serve; police officers throw out first pitches; soldiers surprise their families with homecomings at halftime. Sports and politics are decidedly entwined. But as journalist Howard Bryant reveals, this has always been more complicated for black athletes, who from the start, were committing a political act simply by being on the field. In fact, among all black employees in twentieth-century America, perhaps no other group had more outsized influence and power than ballplayers. The immense social responsibilities that came with the role is part of the black athletic heritage. It is a heritage built by the influence of the superstardom and radical politics of Paul Robeson, Jackie Robinson, Muhammad Ali, Tommie Smith, and John Carlos through the 1960s; undermined by apolitical, corporate-friendly “transcenders of race,” O. J. Simpson, Michael Jordan, and Tiger Woods in the following decades; and reclaimed today by the likes of LeBron James, Colin Kaepernick, and Carmelo Anthony. The Heritage is the story of the rise, fall, and fervent return of the athlete-activist. Through deep research and interviews with some of sports’ best-known stars—including Kaepernick, David Ortiz, Charles Barkley, and Chris Webber—as well as members of law enforcement and the military, Bryant details the collision of post-9/11 sports in America and the politically engaged post-Ferguson black athlete. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: In the Arena David E Prince, 2016-09 We live in a sports-obsessed world. From fans wearing their favorite team’s colors to high school soccer players practicing after school, we encounter sports every day. Nothing else in our culture produces so much passion and intrigue. Such obsession, for the Christian, must produce critical reflection. How should the Christian think about sports? What does Christ have to do with athletic competition? Can sports be redeemed? In the Arena will answer these questions so that readers: Understand how the gospel of Christ shapes our understanding and enjoyment of sports. Receive practical instruction on how to use sports in parenting and discipleship. Become confident in using the arena of sports for discipleship, parenting, and recreation. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: The Palgrave Handbook of Feminism and Sport, Leisure and Physical Education Louise Mansfield, Jayne Caudwell, Belinda Wheaton, Beccy Watson, 2017-11-06 This handbook provides an original, comprehensive and unparalleled overview of feminist scholarship in sport, leisure and physical education. It captures the complexities of past, current and future developments in feminism while highlighting its theoretical, methodological and empirical applications. It also critically engages with policy and practice issues for women and girls taking part in sport and leisure pursuits and in physical education provision. The Palgrave Handbook of Feminism and Sport, Leisure and Physical Education is international in scope and includes the work of established and emerging feminist scholars. It will be of interest to students and scholars across a range of disciplines, including sociology, gender studies, sport sciences, and sports business and management. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Just Add Hormones Matt Kailey, 2006-06-01 Matt Kailey lived as a straight woman for the first forty-two years of his life. Though happy as a social worker and teacher, he knew something wasn't right. Then he made some changes. With the help of a good therapist, chest surgery, and some strong doses of testosterone, Kailey began his journey toward becoming a man. As his body morphed and his voice dropped, Kailey began noticing subtle shifts in the way he was treated. Men suddenly stopped offering to change flat tires for him but insisted on talking to him about women and bodily functions. Women got nervous when he baby-talked to their infants but routinely asked him to move heavy things around the office. In these everyday exchanges, Kailey recognized the many ways we define what it means to be male. He also realized that, with few role models, he had to learn to accept himself as a person between two genders. As he writes about his transition from female to male, Kailey answers all the questions you've ever had about what it's like to live as a transsexual. From the fear of public restrooms to deciding whether to pack his pants, Kailey explains what the world looks like from his new vantage point-a position more people are discovering as gender transitions become increasingly common. More than a memoir, Just Add Hormones is full of sound advice for those who may be questioning their gender. And through his story, Kailey offers valuable insights to the families and friends of those who have started a transition. Funny, fresh, and incredibly candid, Just Add Hormones can help us all consider-and even laugh at-our own notions of what it means to be a man or a woman. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Women and Sport Ellen J. Staurowsky, 2016-07-07 Women and Sport: Continuing a Journey of Liberation and Celebration focuses on women winning access to the playing field as well as the front office in sport. Readers will gain an understanding of how women have been involved in sport and physical activity, how they have struggled for widespread recognition and legitimacy in the eyes of many, and how they continue to carve out their role in shaping sport as we know it today and as it will be in the future. Edited by renowned expert Ellen J. Staurowsky, widely accepted as an authority on college athlete rights and Title IX and gender equity, Women and Sport facilitates interdisciplinary, research-based discussion by providing a detailed account of contributions from women in sport. The text features a foreword by sport executive Donna Orender and 15 chapters—written by leading authorities in women and gender studies in sport—that are grouped into four parts: • Women’s Sport in Context: Connecting Past and Present reminds readers of the historical events and influences that shape today’s landscape. • Strong Girls, Strong Women recognizes gender differences and what it means to create equitable access to sport opportunities. • Women, Sport, and Social Location explores how various characteristics and qualities may affect sport participation and opportunities. • Women in the Sport Industry offers a rare and contemporary approach to examining women in sport leadership, management, and media. Women and Sport was developed with the intent of filling a need by serving as a primary textbook and separates itself from other titles by providing an abundance of instructor ancillary materials that assist in class preparations. Pedagogical aids such as objectives, glossary terms, discussion questions, and learning activities in each chapter facilitate student understanding of the material covered. Sidebars throughout the text enable the contributors to provide thought-provoking content on topics such as media coverage of female athletes, how female athletes are used in marketing campaigns, and whether athletic competitions should continue to be segregated by sex. Readers will discover the impact of these topics in many areas of society, from biomedical to psychosocial and historical. Through its engaging content, Women and Sport: Continuing a Journey of Liberation and Celebration serves as a launching pad for discussions that will shape society’s ongoing conversation about what it means to be a female athlete or a woman working in sport. It is an ideal textbook for adoption in interdisciplinary courses that focus on women and gender studies in sport. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Gender Dysphoria and Gender Incongruence Walter Bouman, Annelou de Vries, Guy T'Sjoen, 2018-04-19 There is a significant increase in people who self-diagnose as having gender dysphoria and gender incongruence. The number of people with gender dysphoria and gender incongruence who seek assessment, support and treatment at gender identity clinic services has increased substantially over the years globally, and in Europe, North America and Australia in particular. Many countries lack appropriate transgender healthcare services. People with gender dysphoria and/or gender incongruence are often victimized and discriminated against. This book gives an overview regarding mental health and quality of life issues across the life span within the evolving interdisciplinary field of transgender healthcare. The book is written for professionals who in their day-to-day job may encounter people with gender dysphoria and gender incongruence; and for students, teachers, educators, academics, and members of the public at large with an interest in this timely topic. This book was originally published as a special issue of the International Review of Psychiatry. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Game Over Dave Zirin, 2013 Sportscaster Howard Cosell dubbed it rule number one of the jockocracy sports and politics just don't mix. But in Game Over, celebrated alt-sportswriter Dave Zirin proves once and for all that politics has breached the modern sports arena with a vengeance. From the NFL lockout and the role of soccer in the Arab Spring to the Penn State sexual abuse scandals and Tim Tebow's on-field genuflections, this timely and hard-hitting new book from the conscience of American sportswriting (The Washington Post) reveals how our most important debates about class, race, religion, sex, and the raw quest for political power are played out both on and off the field. Game Over offers new insights and analysis of headline-grabbing sports controversies, exploring the shady side of the NCAA, the explosive 2011 MLB All-Star Game, and why the Dodgers crashed and burned. It covers the fascinating struggles of gay and lesbian athletes to gain acceptance, female athletes to be more than sex symbols, and athletes everywhere to assert their collective bargaining rights as union members. Zirin also illustrates the ways in which athletes are once again using their exalted platforms to speak out and reclaim sports from the corporate interests that have taken it hostage. In Game Over, he cheers the victories but also reflects on how far we have yet to go. Combining brilliant set pieces with a sobering overview of today's sports scene in Zirin's take-no-prisoners style, Game Over is a must read for anyone, sports fan or not, interested in understanding how sports reflect and shape society--and why the stakes have never been higher. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: The Lives of Transgender People Genny Beemyn, Susan Rankin, 2011 A groundbreaking survey on gender development and identity-making among America's transsexual women, transsexual men, cross-dressers and gender-queer individuals. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: The David Kopay Story David Kopay, Perry Deane Young, 1988 |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Teaching U.S. History Through Sports Brad Austin, Pamela Grundy, 2022-07-12 For teachers at the college and high school levels, this volume provides cutting-edge research and practical strategies for incorporating sports into the U.S. history classroom. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: The Transgender Handbook Walter Pierre Bouman, Jon Arcelus, 2017 Editor Biography: Walter Pierre Bouman, MD, PhD, is Head of Service at the National Centre for Transgender Health in Nottingham, United Kingdom; he is a medical specialist and an accredited sexologist, psychotherapist and supervisor. His work and practice focus on hormone prescribing and providing psychological support, with a particular interest in the aging population. He is Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Transgenderism. Walter serves the World Professional Association of Transgender Health (WPATH) as Treasurer and Executive Board Member. Book Description: This handbook is written for transgender people, their families and friends; for professionals who in their day-to-day job may encounter transgender people; and for students, teachers, educators, academics, and members of the public at large with an interest in transgender people. This handbook gives an in-depth overview on a wide spectrum of issues encountered by transgender people, from childhood to later on in life. Key topics addressed include medical and surgical treatments, access to transgender health care, sexuality, mental health issues, fertility, education, and employment. This practical guide is written in a clear and concise manner by more than 40 international specialists in the field of transgender health and well-being. This essential text is extensively referenced and illustrated, and informs the reader on a broad range of important gender-affirming issues. Target Audience: This Handbook is written for transgender people, their families and friends; for professionals who in their day-to-day job may encounter transgender people; and for students, teachers, educators, academics, and members of the public at large with an interest in transgender people. This Handbook gives an in-depth overview on a wide spectrum of issues encountered by transgender people, from childhood to late life. Key topics addressed include medical and surgical treatments, access to transgender health care, sexuality, mental health issues, fertility, education, and employment. This practical guide is written in clear and concise lay language by more than 40 international specialists in the field of transgender health and well being. This essential text is extensively referenced and illustrated, and instructs the reader on a broad range of important gender-affirming issues. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Gender & Pop Culture Adrienne Trier-Bieniek, 2014-04-03 Gender & Pop Culture provides a foundation for the study of gender, pop culture and media. This comprehensive, interdisciplinary text provides text-book style introductory and concluding chapters written by the editors, seven original contributor chapters on key topics and written in a variety of writing styles, discussion questions, additional resources and more. Coverage includes: - Foundations for studying gender & pop culture (history, theory, methods, key concepts) - Contributor chapters on media and children, advertising, music, television, film, sports, and technology - Ideas for activism and putting this book to use beyond the classroom - Pedagogical Features - Suggestions for further readings on topics covered and international studies of gender and pop culture Gender & Pop Culture was designed with students in mind, to promote reflection and lively discussion. With features found in both textbooks and anthologies, this sleek book can serve as primary or supplemental reading in undergraduate courses across the disciplines that deal with gender, pop culture or media studies. “An important addition to the fields of gender and media studies, this excellent compilation will be useful to students and teachers in a wide range of disciplines. The research is solid, the examples from popular culture are current and interesting, and the conclusions are original and illuminating. It is certain to stimulate self-reflection and lively discussion.” Jean Kilbourne, Ed.D., author, feminist activist and creator of the Killing Us Softly:Advertising’s Image of Women film series “An ideal teaching tool: the introduction is intellectually robust and orients the reader towards a productive engagement with the chapters; the contributions themselves are diverse and broad in terms of the subject matter covered; and the conclusion helps students take what they have learnt beyond the classroom. I can’t wait to make use of it.” Sut Jhally, Professor of Communication, University of Massachusetts at Amherst,Founder & Executive Director, Media Education Foundation Adrienne Trier-Bieniek, Ph.D. is currently an assistant professor of sociology at Valencia College in Orlando, Florida. Her first book, Sing Us a Song, Piano Woman: Female Fans and the Music of Tori Amos (Scarecrow, 2013) addresses the ways women use music to heal after experiencing trauma. www.adriennetrier-bieniek.com Patricia Leavy, Ph.D. is an internationally known scholar and best-selling author, formerly associate professor of sociology and the founding director of gender studies at Stonehill College. She is the author of the acclaimed novels American Circumstance and Low-Fat Love and has published a dozen nonfiction books including Method Meets Art: Arts-Based Research Practice. www.patricialeavy.com |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: The Transgender Exigency Edward Schiappa, 2021-12-24 At no other point in human history have the definitions of woman and man, male and female, masculine and feminine, been more contentious than now. This book advances a pragmatic approach to the act of defining that acknowledges the important ethical dimensions of our definitional practices. Increased transgender rights and visibility has been met with increased opposition, controversy, and even violence. Who should have the power to define the meanings of sex and gender? What values and interests are advanced by competing definitions? Should an all-boys’ college or high school allow transgender boys to apply? Should transgender women be allowed to use the women’s bathroom? How has growing recognition of intersex conditions challenged our definitions of sex/gender? In this timely intervention, Edward Schiappa examines the key sites of debate including schools, bathrooms, the military, sports, prisons, and feminism, drawing attention to the political, practical, and ethical dimensions of the act of defining itself. This is an important text for students and scholars in gender studies, philosophy, communication, and sociology. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Women's Sports Jaime Schultz, 2018-08-01 Although girls and women account for approximately 40 percent of all athletes in the United States, they receive only 4 percent of the total sport media coverage. SportsCenter, ESPN's flagship program, dedicates less than 2 percent of its airtime to women. Local news networks devote less than 5 percent of their programming to women's sports. Excluding Sports Illustrated's annual Swimsuit Issue, women appear on just 4.9 percent of the magazine's covers. Media is a powerful indication of the culture surrounding sport in the United States. Why are women underrepresented in sports media? Sports Illustrated journalist Andy Benoit infamously remarked that women's sports are not worth watching. Although he later apologized, Benoit's comment points to more general lack of awareness. Consider, for example, the confusion surrounding Title IX, the U.S. Law that prohibits sex discrimination in any educational program that receives federal financial assistance. Is Title IX to blame when administrators drop men's athletic programs? Is it lack of interest or lack of opportunity that causes girls and women to participate in sport at lower rates than boys and men? In Women's Sports: What Everyone Needs to Know®, Jaime Schultz tackles these questions, along with many others, to upend the misunderstandings that plague women's sports. Using historical, contemporary, scholarly, and popular sources, Schultz traces the progress and pitfalls of women's involvement in sport. In the signature question-and-answer format of the What Everyone Needs to Know® series, this short and accessible book clarifies misconceptions that dog women's athletics and offers much needed context and history to illuminate the struggles and inequalities sportswomen continue to face. By exploring issues such as gender, sexuality, sex segregation, the Olympic and Paralympic Games, media coverage, and the sport-health connection, Schultz shows why women's sports are not just worth watching, but worth playing, supporting, and fighting for. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Transgender History Susan Stryker, 2008-05-06 A chronological account of transgender theory documents major movements, writings, and events, offering insight into the contributions of key historical figures while discussing treatments of transgenderism in pop culture. Original. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Sports Endocrinology Michelle P. Warren, Naama W. Constantini, 2000-05-01 Since the observation in the 19th century that an extract of the suprarenal bodies injected into the circulation caused a rise in blood pressure, the endocrine system has become a major component in our understanding of human physiology. The introduction of radioimmunoassay techniques and the ability to measure minimal amounts of hor mones (a term derived from the Greek to excite) have shown that acute exercise causes a release of a large number of hormones and that chronic exercise may further lead to long-term alterations in endocrine homeostasis. Actually, almost every organ and system in the body is affected by physical activity and exercise, much of it through the endocrine and neuroendocrine system. Investigation ofthe effect of acute or chronic physical activity on the endocrine system is a complex matter since the stimulus called exercise has many components, such as mode, intensity, duration, and others. In addition, several other factors, such as age, gender, training status, body temperature, circadian rhythm, metabolic state, menstrual cycle, and various external conditions as well as psychological factors, can modify the effect of physical activity on hormonal secretion. Moreover, the physiol9gical stimulus of exercise often provokes several and parallel cascades of biochemical and endocrine changes. It is therefore often extremely difficult to distinguish between primary and secondary events and between cause and effect. These limitations will be discussed in Chapter 1. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Why Evolution is True Jerry A. Coyne, 2010-01-14 For all the discussion in the media about creationism and 'Intelligent Design', virtually nothing has been said about the evidence in question - the evidence for evolution by natural selection. Yet, as this succinct and important book shows, that evidence is vast, varied, and magnificent, and drawn from many disparate fields of science. The very latest research is uncovering a stream of evidence revealing evolution in action - from the actual observation of a species splitting into two, to new fossil discoveries, to the deciphering of the evidence stored in our genome. Why Evolution is True weaves together the many threads of modern work in genetics, palaeontology, geology, molecular biology, anatomy, and development to demonstrate the 'indelible stamp' of the processes first proposed by Darwin. It is a crisp, lucid, and accessible statement that will leave no one with an open mind in any doubt about the truth of evolution. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: The 2019 National School Climate Survey Joseph Kosciw, Caitlin Clark, Nhan Truong, Adrian Zongrone, 2020-09-23 |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Stand Up and Shout Out Joan Steidinger, 2020-03-11 Today, women have greater opportunities to participate in sport than ever before, particularly due to the passage of Title IX in 1972. Yet, despite all this growth, women still struggle to hold leadership positions, become coaches of both girls and boys teams, receive equal pay, and get even adequate coverage in the media. In Stand Up and Shout Out: Women's Fight for Equality in Sports, Joan Steidinger explores the three crucial areas in sport that remain huge concerns for women: leadership, money, and media. Steidinger looks at the number of ways in which women experience vast inequalities by examining topics such as the politics of sport, sexual assault, the #MeToo movement, pay equity, women in coaching positions, and the experiences of women of color and LGBTQ athletes. Interviews with leading authorities in the field and prominent female athletes are interwoven throughout to add both expert and personal perspectives to the conversation. Stand Up and Shout Out does more than justinform readers about these important issues; its purpose is to create enlightened discussions around the unequal treatment of women and present readers with “action steps” so we can all become active contributors toward improving this situation. This is an ideal time to fight for women’s equality in sport, as it draws attention to the growing need for advocacy for girls and women around the world in all areas of life. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: The Secrets of My Life Caitlyn Jenner, 2017-04-25 In this remarkable memoir former Olympian and Kardashian family member Caitlyn Jenner reveals shocking and heartbreaking stories from her journey to become a transgender woman and fight for the LGBTQ+ community. Imagine denying your core and soul. Then add to it the most impossible expectations that people have for you because you are the personification of The American Male Athlete. Bruce Jenner, the celebrated Olympic icon and later the patriarch of one of the most famous families in the world, seemed to be living a dream life of success, fame, and prosperity. But the all-American image and million-dollar smile belied a lifelong struggle with gender dysphoria, and it wasn't until the sensational Diane Sawyer interview that the public mask of Bruce Jenner was finally retired, and through the memorable Vanity Fair piece by Buzz Bissinger, that Caitlyn Jenner was introduced to the world and set free to exist on her own terms. Since then, Caitlyn has undertaken an arduous emotional and physical odyssey to achieve the completeness she always felt was missing. In The Secrets of My Life, Caitlyn reflects on the inner conflict she experienced growing up in an era of rigidly defined gender identities, and the cruel irony of being hailed by an entire nation as the ultimate symbol of manhood. She recounts her Olympic triumph, her rise to fame, and relates how her sense of frustration and shame grew with the passing years and the lengths to which she had to go to conceal her true self. Caitlyn in turn uncovers the toll that these personal struggles had on her three marriages and, subsequently, the relationships with her children. She also talks candidly about her life in the public eye as a member of the Kardashian clan, what led to her decision to become Caitlyn, and how she, her family, the transgender community, and the rest of the world has since embraced her new life. Filled with incredibly personal and moving stories of struggle and victory, of anxiety and fear, and, finally, of surrender and acceptance, The Secrets of My Life reveals the real Caitlyn Jenner by tracing her long and eventful journey to becoming herself. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy Mike McNamee, 2018-10-19 This book represents a bold statement concerning the excitement and energy of the field of sports ethics and philosophy in contemporary terms. It is comprised of a collection of commissioned essays from the leading international scholars in the field to celebrate the ten year editorship of Mike McNamee for the journal: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. The collection includes essays familiar sport philosophers on work about the nature and nuances of sports and games playing, winning and losing, role models and strategic fouling. It also celebrates in phenomenological terms the complex and heterogeneous experience and values of sports in both phenomenological and analytic modes. Finally, it addresses the most serious threats to sport integrity and governance, in the shape of doping, and the unchecked power of sports institutions, and the charisma of sport that is at the mercy of commercialism. This book was originally published as a special issue of Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: They're Chasing Us Away from Sport , 2020-12-04 |
| history of transgender athletes in sports: Second Serve Renée Richards, John Ames, John Michael Ames, 1983 |
What's Wrong with the NCAA's New Transgender Athlete Policy?
college competition could involve athletes from multiple states, the possibility existed that athletes similarly situated in terms of their transgender status might be eligible or ineligible just because …
PARTICIPATION OF TRANSGENDER ATHLETES IN WOMEN’S SPORTS
transgender athletes with female gender identities should be permitted to wear the women’s team uniform and vice versa. ... accommodation is necessary at all and this student should be …
Transgender Athletes and Title IX: An Uncertain Future - Villanova
25 Apr 2020 · which gender division transgender athletes must compete”). 9. Riley, supra . note 7 (discussing petition in Connecticut to prevent trans-R. gender high school athletes from …
LGBTQ Athletes and Discrimination in Sport - Pennsylvania State …
policies that favor inclusion of transgender athletes. She notes the history of excluding females from sports and extends this exclusion to transgender athletes who are barred from …
Transgender Athletes: Between Inclusion, Non-Discrimination, …
Transgender Athletes: Between Inclusion, Non-Discrimination, and Fairness in Sport 31 october 2024 Moyen auditoire (salle 301) Université de Neuchâtel Rue A.-L. Breguet 1 2000 Neuchâtel …
Picked Last: A Review of Transgender Athletes’ Experiences in …
discriminatory against transgender athletes is not unique to swimming, with other governing bodies having similar rules. Expecting transgender athletes to transition so early is an …
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Transgender Athletes A Policy Analysis of Transgender Eligibility ... Department of History Course Code: MRSM15 Semester: Spring 2024 Supervisor: Lena Halldenius Words: 21.776 . Abstract …
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History Of Transgender Athletes In Sports Amy M. West. History Of Transgender Athletes In Sports Sporting Gender Joanna Harper,2019-12-03 The Tokyo Olympic Games are likely to …
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Women’s Sports Foundation has positively shaped the lives of millions of youth, high school and collegiate student-athletes, elite athletes and coaches. We’re building a future where every girl …
The ‘Feminist’ Discourse on Trans Exclusion from Sports - OCHA
en in sports. These appeared in American and British media and were cited frequent - ly in the Japanese Twittersphere between 2018 and 2019. The present study begins by outlining the …
TRANSGENDER AND INTERSEX ATHLETES, PROFESSIONAL …
it, before examining their application to the participation of transgender and intersex athletes in Part V. This examination reveals that the opportunities from viewing the participation of …
Including Trans Women Athletes in Competitive Sport: Analyzing …
foundations for inclusion of transgender women athletes in competitive sport, drawing on IOC principles and relevant Court of Arbitration for Sport decisions. We argue that the inclusion of …
Should Transgender Athletes be Allowed to Compete with …
This is highly important when delving into the world of competitive sports as male and female divisions have been rigid since their arrival to ensure fairness. With the introduction of …
Emerging Legal Issues Under Title IX: Transgender Athletes and …
covered educational institutions.5 The Title IX regulations in part address a history of higher participation rates for males over females in school athletics programs, where boys’ athletics …
Journal of 4QPSUJOH $VMUVSFT BOE *EFOUJUJFT - Sports …
presence of transgender male athletes, sporting organizations were unwilling to allow transgender women to compete against 46,XX women prior to the 21st century. It is notable that in the …
ELIGIBILITY REGULATIONS FOR TRANSGENDER ATHLETES
31 Mar 2023 · ELIGIBILITY REGULATIONS FOR TRANSGENDER ATHLETES (Version 2.0, approved by Council on 23 March 2023, and coming into effect on 31 March 2023) Book C - …
Transgender & Gender-Diverse Inclusion Guidelines for HP Sport
4 of 20 Inclusion timeline Globally there exists growing momentum for the inclusion of gender-diverse groups across all facets of society. Moreover, the right of trans-athletes to participate …
Sport and Transgender People: A Systematic Review of the
as transgender may be at least partly explained by the increase in visibility of transgender people within Western society [4, 5]. For example, Caitlin Jenner, a former athlete and current …
Inclusive Spaces and Locker Rooms for Transgender Athletes
athletes, including a brief history of transgender athletes’ partici- ... school athletes must participate in sports or on teams that match their sex assigned at birth. Students going through ...
Beyond Fairness: The Biology of Inclusion for Transgender and …
small number of transgender athletes can be extrapolated to elite transgender oreven intersexathletes, thatis,thosewho are born with a mixture of male and female biologies.
TUE Physician Guidelines
TRANSGENDER ATHLETES . 1. Introduction . With continuously evolving social, legal, cultural, ethical and clinical practice models globally, participation of transgender athletes is becoming …
Inclusive sports in Philippine higher education: Determining …
transgender With the increasing global awareness and recognition of transgender rights and inclusion in various fields, including sports, it is crucial to examine what sports stakeholders …
Transgender & Gender-Diverse Inclusion Guidelines for HP Sport
4 of 20 Inclusion timeline Globally there exists growing momentum for the inclusion of gender-diverse groups across all facets of society. Moreover, the right of trans-athletes to participate …
Inclusive sports in Philippine higher education: Determining …
sports stakeholders think about the participation of transgender people in sports competitions, especially in the Philippines where there is a lack of studies on the topic.
Sport Is for Everyone: A Legal Roadmap for Transgender …
athletes pose no threat. Transgender women have been competing in sports for decades. There is no transgender athlete takeover at the high school or collegiate level. Not a single …
TITLE IX’S PROTECTIONS FOR TRANSGENDER STUDENT ATHLETES
SKINNER-THOMPSON AND TURNER ARTICLE.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 2/19/2014 10:18 AM 2013] TITLE IX’S PROTECTIONS FOR TRANSGENDER ATHLETES 275 boys of that age …
Position statement: IOC framework on fairness, inclusion and non ...
transgender people and people with sex variations. 1.5 Where sports organisations choose to establish eligibility criteria in order to determine the participation condi-tions for men’s and …
History and evidence show school sports help students win
to expand opportunities for female student-athletes. From 1972, the year Title IX was passed, to 1978, the number of high school girls playing school-spon-sored sports increased nearly …
ELIGIBILITY REGULATIONS FOR TRANSGENDER ATHLETES
1.3.3 the subsequent discussions and exchanges between medical experts, sports physicians, legal counsel, human rights experts, and transgender ... World Athletics Eligibility Regulations …
Open access Protocol Disparities in sport participation of transgender ...
36 known transgender athletes to compete at the collegiate level in the past decade,6 became the first known transgender woman to win a National Collegiate Athletic Associa-tion Division I …
PARTICIPATION OF INTERSEX ATHLETES IN WOMEN’S SPORTS
Some intersex athletes may request separate facilities due to privacy concerns. In such cases, the school or sports organization should make every reasonable effort to accommodate such a …
Reference Guide for Transgender Policy CIAC Transgender Policy …
The CIAC is committed to providing transgender student-athletes with equal opportunities to ... history, care or treatment of the gender-related identity, consistent and uniform assertion of the …
The History of Sports Inequality and how the Pressure on Female ...
The History of Sports Inequality and how the Pressure on Female Athletes Affects Mental Health and Performance ... Media outlets are more likely to cover female athletes when they are …
Eligibility rules for transgender athletes
Eligibility rules for transgender athletes / Version 1.0 – 1 Introduction The purpose of this document is to establish the conditions enabling transgender athletes to compete in World …
Transgender women in sport - Trans Reads
16 Jul 2021 · sports (where sport results ought to be based on skillfulness), then we need to modify sports in order to take relevant genetic advantages into consideration by introducing a …
Regulating Gender in School Sports: An Overview of Legal …
2 Jan 2024 · formula: a transgender woman plays on or plans to play on a women’s sports team but is prevented from doing so because of an intervening state law requiring women’s sports …
Scholarly Resources on Transgender Athletes - University of …
Scholarly Resources on Transgender Athletes Aultman, B. (2014). Cisgender. Transgender Studies Quarterly 1(1/2) 61-62. Buzuvis, E.E. (2011). Transgender student-athletes and sex …
Statement of Women’s Rights and Gender Justice Organizations
coaches and professional women athletes, and sexual harassment that pushes women and girls out of sports. We will only accomplish these goals by treating all people, including transgender …
Beyond fairness: the biology of inclusion for transgender and …
Beyond fairness: the biology of inclusion for transgender and intersex athletes Yannis Pitsiladis1, Joanna Harper2, Jonathan Ospina Betancurt3, María-José Martínez Patiño4, Attilio Parisi5, …
Beyond fairness: the biology of inclusion for transgender and …
Beyond fairness: the biology of inclusion for transgender and intersex athletes Yannis Pitsiladis1, Joanna Harper2, Jonathan Ospina Betancurt3, María-José Martínez Patiño4, Attilio Parisi5, …
5: Out of the Frame: How Sports Media Shapes Trans Narratives
ited hits overall. is absence of trans athletes in sports media is telling and is a theme we return to throughout this chapter. To eectively address our framing questions, we expanded our …
Sport in trans individuals - Nottingham Trent University
transgender people hold an athletic advantage, they have been criticised for not being underpinned by evidence-based rationale [19]. The IOC [20] has recently updated its policy to …
Factors influencing acceptance of transgender athletes
2.1 Acceptance of transgender athletes in different contexts In the 1990s, awareness of transgender rights was promoted in North America and Western Europe. Since then, …
The Trans Athlete Dilemma: A Constitutional Analysis Of High …
I. Transgender Athletes and Sex-Segregated ... Part I examines the history and purpo se of single-sex sports in public schools and explores how the inclus ion of transgender student …
TUE Physician Guidelines - World Anti-Doping Agency
TRANSGENDER ATHLETES 1. Introduction With continuously evolving social, legal, cultural, ethical and clinical practice models globally, participation of transgender athletes is becoming …
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Transgender Athletes and Anti-Doping www.drugfreesport.org.n Page 1 of 2 Transgender Athletes and ... We are available to support transgender athletes, National Sports …
IOC Consensus Meeting on Sex Reassignment and …
1) Transgender guidelines A. Since the 2003 Stockholm Consensus on Sex Reassignment in Sports, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of autonomy of gender identity …
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7 Aug 2017 · Participation of transgender judo athletes should be informed by the following principles: 3.1. Transgender judo athletes should have equal opportunity to participate in …
NCAA Inclusion of Transgender Student-Athletes
gender student-athletes fair, respectful, and legal access to collegiate sports teams based on current medical and legal knowledge. It provides best practice and policy recommendations for …
