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| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Epidemiology Mark Woodward, 2013-12-19 Highly praised for its broad, practical coverage, the second edition of this popular text incorporated the major statistical models and issues relevant to epidemiological studies. Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition continues to focus on the quantitative aspects of epidemiological research. Updated and expanded, this edition shows students how statistical principles and techniques can help solve epidemiological problems. New to the Third Edition New chapter on risk scores and clinical decision rules New chapter on computer-intensive methods, including the bootstrap, permutation tests, and missing value imputation New sections on binomial regression models, competing risk, information criteria, propensity scoring, and splines Many more exercises and examples using both Stata and SAS More than 60 new figures After introducing study design and reviewing all the standard methods, this self-contained book takes students through analytical methods for both general and specific epidemiological study designs, including cohort, case-control, and intervention studies. In addition to classical methods, it now covers modern methods that exploit the enormous power of contemporary computers. The book also addresses the problem of determining the appropriate size for a study, discusses statistical modeling in epidemiology, covers methods for comparing and summarizing the evidence from several studies, and explains how to use statistical models in risk forecasting and assessing new biomarkers. The author illustrates the techniques with numerous real-world examples and interprets results in a practical way. He also includes an extensive list of references for further reading along with exercises to reinforce understanding. Web Resource A wealth of supporting material can be downloaded from the book’s CRC Press web page, including: Real-life data sets used in the text SAS and Stata programs used for examples in the text SAS and Stata programs for special techniques covered Sample size spreadsheet |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Epidemiology Mark Woodward, 2013-12-19 Highly praised for its broad, practical coverage, the second edition of this popular text incorporated the major statistical models and issues relevant to epidemiological studies. Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition continues to focus on the quantitative aspects of epidemiological research. Updated and expanded, this edition shows students how statistical principles and techniques can help solve epidemiological problems. New to the Third Edition New chapter on risk scores and clinical decision rules New chapter on computer-intensive methods, including the bootstrap, permutation tests, and missing value imputation New sections on binomial regression models, competing risk, information criteria, propensity scoring, and splines Many more exercises and examples using both Stata and SAS More than 60 new figures After introducing study design and reviewing all the standard methods, this self-contained book takes students through analytical methods for both general and specific epidemiological study designs, including cohort, case-control, and intervention studies. In addition to classical methods, it now covers modern methods that exploit the enormous power of contemporary computers. The book also addresses the problem of determining the appropriate size for a study, discusses statistical modeling in epidemiology, covers methods for comparing and summarizing the evidence from several studies, and explains how to use statistical models in risk forecasting and assessing new biomarkers. The author illustrates the techniques with numerous real-world examples and interprets results in a practical way. He also includes an extensive list of references for further reading along with exercises to reinforce understanding. Web Resource A wealth of supporting material can be downloaded from the book’s CRC Press web page, including: Real-life data sets used in the text SAS and Stata programs used for examples in the text SAS and Stata programs for special techniques covered Sample size spreadsheet |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Epidemiology Mark Woodward, 1999-05-25 Epidemiology is a subject of growing importance, as witnessed by its role in the description and prediction of the impact of new diseases such as AIDS and new-variant CJD. Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis covers the whole spectrum of standard analytical techniques used in epidemiology, from descriptive techniques in report writing to model diagnostics from generalized linear models. The author discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and alternatives to case-control, cohort and intervention studies and details such crucial concepts as incidence, prevalence, confounding and interaction. Many exercises are provided, based on real epidemiological data sets collected from all over the world. The data sets are also available on an associated web site. Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis will be an invaluable textbook for statistics and medical students studying epidemiology, and a standard reference for practicing epidemiologists. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Study Design and Statistical Analysis Mitchell Katz, 2006-06-22 This book takes the reader through the entire research process: choosing a question, designing a study, collecting the data, using univariate, bivariate and multivariable analysis, and publishing the results. It does so by using plain language rather than complex derivations and mathematical formulae. It focuses on the nuts and bolts of performing research by asking and answering the most basic questions about doing research studies. Making good use of numerous tables, graphs and tips, this book helps to demystify the process. A generous number of up-to-date examples from the clinical literature give an illustrated and practical account of how to use multivariable analysis. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Cancer Epidemiology Isabel dos Santos Silva, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1999 A basic textbook addressed to medical and public health students, clinicians, health professionals, and all others seeking to understand the principles and methods used in cancer epidemiology. Written by a prominent epidemiologist and experienced teacher at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the text aims to help readers become competent in the use of basic epidemiological tools and capable of exercising critical judgment when assessing results reported by others. Throughout the text, a lively writing style and numerous illustrative examples, often using real research data, facilitate an easy understanding of basic concepts and methods. Information ranges from an entertaining account of the origins of epidemiology, through advice on how to overcome some of the limitations of survival analysis, to a checklist of questions to ask when considering sources of bias. Although statistical concepts and formulae are presented, the emphasis is consistently on the interpretation of the data rather than on the actual calculations. The text has 18 chapters. The first six introduce the basic principles of epidemiology and statistics. Chapters 7-13 deal in more depth with each of the study designs and interpretation of their findings. Two chapters, concerned with the problems of confounding and study size, cover more complex statistical concepts and are included for advanced study. A chapter on methodological issues in cancer prevention gives examples of epidemiology's contribution to primary prevention, screening and other activities for early detection, and tertiary prevention. The concluding chapters review the role of cancer registries and discuss practical considerations that should be taken into account in the design, planning, and conduct of any type of epidemiological research. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research: A User's Guide Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.), 2013-02-21 This User’s Guide is a resource for investigators and stakeholders who develop and review observational comparative effectiveness research protocols. It explains how to (1) identify key considerations and best practices for research design; (2) build a protocol based on these standards and best practices; and (3) judge the adequacy and completeness of a protocol. Eleven chapters cover all aspects of research design, including: developing study objectives, defining and refining study questions, addressing the heterogeneity of treatment effect, characterizing exposure, selecting a comparator, defining and measuring outcomes, and identifying optimal data sources. Checklists of guidance and key considerations for protocols are provided at the end of each chapter. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews. More more information, please consult the Agency website: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov) |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on the Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilitiesâ¬"Phase I, 2012-06-29 In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Statistics for Epidemiology Nicholas P. Jewell, 2003-08-26 Statistical ideas have been integral to the development of epidemiology and continue to provide the tools needed to interpret epidemiological studies. Although epidemiologists do not need a highly mathematical background in statistical theory to conduct and interpret such studies, they do need more than an encyclopedia of recipes. Statistics for Epidemiology achieves just the right balance between the two approaches, building an intuitive understanding of the methods most important to practitioners and the skills to use them effectively. It develops the techniques for analyzing simple risk factors and disease data, with step-by-step extensions that include the use of binary regression. It covers the logistic regression model in detail and contrasts it with the Cox model for time-to-incidence data. The author uses a few simple case studies to guide readers from elementary analyses to more complex regression modeling. Following these examples through several chapters makes it easy to compare the interpretations that emerge from varying approaches. Written by one of the top biostatisticians in the field, Statistics for Epidemiology stands apart in its focus on interpretation and in the depth of understanding it provides. It lays the groundwork that all public health professionals, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians need to successfully design, conduct, and analyze epidemiological studies. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Handbook of Life Course Health Development Neal Halfon, Christopher B. Forrest, Richard M. Lerner, Elaine M. Faustman, 2017-11-20 This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This handbook synthesizes and analyzes the growing knowledge base on life course health development (LCHD) from the prenatal period through emerging adulthood, with implications for clinical practice and public health. It presents LCHD as an innovative field with a sound theoretical framework for understanding wellness and disease from a lifespan perspective, replacing previous medical, biopsychosocial, and early genomic models of health. Interdisciplinary chapters discuss major health concerns (diabetes, obesity), important less-studied conditions (hearing, kidney health), and large-scale issues (nutrition, adversity) from a lifespan viewpoint. In addition, chapters address methodological approaches and challenges by analyzing existing measures, studies, and surveys. The book concludes with the editors’ research agenda that proposes priorities for future LCHD research and its application to health care practice and health policy. Topics featured in the Handbook include: The prenatal period and its effect on child obesity and metabolic outcomes. Pregnancy complications and their effect on women’s cardiovascular health. A multi-level approach for obesity prevention in children. Application of the LCHD framework to autism spectrum disorder. Socioeconomic disadvantage and its influence on health development across the lifespan. The importance of nutrition to optimal health development across the lifespan. The Handbook of Life Course Health Development is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians/professionals, and graduate students in developmental psychology/science; maternal and child health; social work; health economics; educational policy and politics; and medical law as well as many interrelated subdisciplines in psychology, medicine, public health, mental health, education, social welfare, economics, sociology, and law. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries? Samiran Nundy, Atul Kakar, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, 2021-10-23 This is an open access book. The book provides an overview of the state of research in developing countries – Africa, Latin America, and Asia (especially India) and why research and publications are important in these regions. It addresses budding but struggling academics in low and middle-income countries. It is written mainly by senior colleagues who have experienced and recognized the challenges with design, documentation, and publication of health research in the developing world. The book includes short chapters providing insight into planning research at the undergraduate or postgraduate level, issues related to research ethics, and conduct of clinical trials. It also serves as a guide towards establishing a research question and research methodology. It covers important concepts such as writing a paper, the submission process, dealing with rejection and revisions, and covers additional topics such as planning lectures and presentations. The book will be useful for graduates, postgraduates, teachers as well as physicians and practitioners all over the developing world who are interested in academic medicine and wish to do medical research. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis for Epidemiology Jos W. R. Twisk, 2013-05-09 A practical guide to the most important techniques available for longitudinal data analysis, essential for non-statisticians and researchers. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Foundations of Epidemiology Marit L. Bovbjerg, 2020-10 Foundations of Epidemiology is an open access, introductory epidemiology text intended for students and practitioners in public or allied health fields. It covers epidemiologic thinking, causality, incidence and prevalence, public health surveillance, epidemiologic study designs and why we care about which one is used, measures of association, random error and bias, confounding and effect modification, and screening. Concepts are illustrated with numerous examples drawn from contemporary and historical public health issues. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality/AHRQ, 2014-04-01 This User’s Guide is intended to support the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and quality evaluation of registries created to increase understanding of patient outcomes. For the purposes of this guide, a patient registry is an organized system that uses observational study methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a particular disease, condition, or exposure, and that serves one or more predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purposes. A registry database is a file (or files) derived from the registry. Although registries can serve many purposes, this guide focuses on registries created for one or more of the following purposes: to describe the natural history of disease, to determine clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of health care products and services, to measure or monitor safety and harm, and/or to measure quality of care. Registries are classified according to how their populations are defined. For example, product registries include patients who have been exposed to biopharmaceutical products or medical devices. Health services registries consist of patients who have had a common procedure, clinical encounter, or hospitalization. Disease or condition registries are defined by patients having the same diagnosis, such as cystic fibrosis or heart failure. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Epidemiologic Studies of Veterans Exposed to Depleted Uranium Institute of Medicine, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Committee on Gulf War and Health: Updated Literature Review of Depleted Uranium, 2008-09-11 Depleted uranium, a component of some weapons systems, has been in use by the U.S. military since the 1991 Gulf War. Military personnel have been exposed to depleted uranium as the result of friendly fire incidents, cleanup and salvage operations, and proximity to burning depleted uranium-containing tanks and ammunition. Under a Congressional mandate, the Department of Defense sought guidance from the Institute of Medicine in evaluating the feasibility and design of an epidemiologic study that would assess health outcomes of exposure to depleted uranium. The study committee examined several options to study health outcomes of depleted uranium exposure in military and veteran populations and concluded that it would be difficult to design a study to comprehensively assess depleted uranium-related health outcomes with currently available data. The committee further concluded that the option most likely to obtain useful information about depleted uranium-related health outcomes would be a prospective cohort study if future military operations involve exposure to depleted uranium. The book contains recommendations aimed at improving future epidemiologic studies and identifying current active-duty military personnel and veterans with potential DU exposure. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Applying Quantitative Bias Analysis to Epidemiologic Data Timothy L. Lash, Matthew P. Fox, Aliza K. Fink, 2011-04-14 Bias analysis quantifies the influence of systematic error on an epidemiology study’s estimate of association. The fundamental methods of bias analysis in epi- miology have been well described for decades, yet are seldom applied in published presentations of epidemiologic research. More recent advances in bias analysis, such as probabilistic bias analysis, appear even more rarely. We suspect that there are both supply-side and demand-side explanations for the scarcity of bias analysis. On the demand side, journal reviewers and editors seldom request that authors address systematic error aside from listing them as limitations of their particular study. This listing is often accompanied by explanations for why the limitations should not pose much concern. On the supply side, methods for bias analysis receive little attention in most epidemiology curriculums, are often scattered throughout textbooks or absent from them altogether, and cannot be implemented easily using standard statistical computing software. Our objective in this text is to reduce these supply-side barriers, with the hope that demand for quantitative bias analysis will follow. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Epidemiology Kenneth J. Rothman, 2012-06-21 The second edition of this essential introduction to epidemiology presents the core concepts in a unified approach that aims to cut through the fog and elucidate the fundamental concepts. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Concepts of Epidemiology Raj S. Bhopal, 2016 First edition published in 2002. Second edition published in 2008. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials Mark Elwood, 2007-02-22 This book presents a logical system of critical appraisal, to allow readers to evaluate studies and to carry out their own studies more effectively. This system emphasizes the central importance of cause and effect relationships. Its great strength is that it is applicable to a wide range of issues, and both to intervention trials and observational studies. This system unifies the often different approaches used in epidemiology, health services research, clinical trials, and evidence-based medicine, starting from a logical consideration of cause and effect. The author's approach to the issues of study design, selection of subjects, bias, confounding, and the place of statistical methods has been praised for its clarity and interest. Systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and the applications of this logic to evidence-based medicine, knowledge-based health care, and health practice and policy are discussed. Current and often controversial examples are used, including screening for prostate cancer, publication bias in psychiatry, public health issues in developing countries, and conflicts between observational studies and randomized trials. Statistical issues are explained clearly without complex mathematics, and the most useful methods are summarized in the appendix. The final chapters give six applications of the critical appraisal of major studies: randomized trials of medical treatment and prevention, a prospective and a retrospective cohort study, a small matched case-control study, and a large case-control study. In these chapters, sections of the original papers are reproduced and the original studies placed in context by a summary of current developments. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Modern Epidemiology Kenneth J. Rothman, Sander Greenland, Timothy L. Lash, 2008 The thoroughly revised and updated Third Edition of the acclaimed Modern Epidemiology reflects both the conceptual development of this evolving science and the increasingly focal role that epidemiology plays in dealing with public health and medical problems. Coauthored by three leading epidemiologists, with sixteen additional contributors, this Third Edition is the most comprehensive and cohesive text on the principles and methods of epidemiologic research. The book covers a broad range of concepts and methods, such as basic measures of disease frequency and associations, study design, field methods, threats to validity, and assessing precision. It also covers advanced topics in data analysis such as Bayesian analysis, bias analysis, and hierarchical regression. Chapters examine specific areas of research such as disease surveillance, ecologic studies, social epidemiology, infectious disease epidemiology, genetic and molecular epidemiology, nutritional epidemiology, environmental epidemiology, reproductive epidemiology, and clinical epidemiology. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Multivariate Methods in Epidemiology Theodore R. Holford, 2002-05-30 The basis for much of medical public health practice comes from epidemiological research. This text describes current statistical tools that are used to analyze the association between possible risk factors and the actual risk of disease. Beginning with a broad conceptual framework on the disease process, it describes commonly used techniques for analyzing proportions and disease rates. These are then extended to model fitting, and the common threads of logic that bind the two analytic strategies together are revealed. Each chapter provides a descriptive rationale for the method, a worked example using data from a published study, and an exercise that allows the reader to practice the technique. Each chapter also includes an appendix that provides further details on the theoretical underpinnings of the method. Among the topics covered are Mantel-Haenszel methods, rates, survival analysis, logistic regression, and generalized linear models. Methods for incorporating aspects of study design, such as matching, into the analysis are discussed, and guidance is given for determining the power or the sample size requirements of a study. This text will give readers a foundation in applied statistics and the concepts of model fitting to develop skills in the analysis of epidemiological data. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Basic Statistics and Epidemiology Antony Stewart, 2007 A guide in basic statistics emphasises its practical use in epidemiology and public health, providing understanding of topics such as study design, data analysis and statistical methods used in the execution of medical research. This title includes sections on Correlation and Linear Regression, as well as exercises reflecting working life. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Case-Control Studies Ruth H. Keogh, D. R. Cox, 2014-03-06 The case-control approach is a powerful method for investigating factors that may explain a particular event. It is extensively used in epidemiology to study disease incidence, one of the best-known examples being Bradford Hill and Doll's investigation of the possible connection between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. More recently, case-control studies have been increasingly used in other fields, including sociology and econometrics. With a particular focus on statistical analysis, this book is ideal for applied and theoretical statisticians wanting an up-to-date introduction to the field. It covers the fundamentals of case-control study design and analysis as well as more recent developments, including two-stage studies, case-only studies and methods for case-control sampling in time. The latter have important applications in large prospective cohorts which require case-control sampling designs to make efficient use of resources. More theoretical background is provided in an appendix for those new to the field. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Academic Pain Medicine Yury Khelemsky, Anuj Malhotra, Karina Gritsenko, 2019-07-23 This comprehensive text is the definitive academic pain medicine resource for medical students, residents and fellows. Acting as both an introduction and continued reference for various levels of training, this guide provides practitioners with up-to-date academic standards. In order to comprehensively meet the need for such a contemporary text—treatment options, types of pain management, and variables affecting specific conditions are thoroughly examined across 48 chapters. Categories of pain conditions include orofacial, neuropathic, visceral, neck, acute, muscle and myofascial, chronic urogenital and pelvic, acute, and regional. Written by renowned experts in the field, each chapter is supplemented with high-quality color figures, tables and images that provide the reader with a fully immersive educational experience. Academic Pain Medicine: A Practical Guide to Rotations, Fellowship, and Beyond is an unprecedented contribution to the literature that addresses the wide-spread requisite for a practical guide to pain medicine within the academic environment. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Epidemiology Moon, Graham, Gould , Myles, 2000-08-01 This text offers a comprehensive insight into the methods and principles of epidemological study alongside an analysis of the broad context in which epidemiological work is undertaken. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: The CDC Field Epidemiology Manual Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), 2019 A NEW AND ESSENTIAL RESOURCE FOR THE PRACTICE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH The CDC Field Epidemiology Manual is a definitive guide to investigating acute public health events on the ground and in real time. Assembled and written by experts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as well as other leading public health agencies, it offers current and field-tested guidance for every stage of an outbreak investigation -- from identification to intervention and other core considerations along the way. Modeled after Michael Gregg's seminal book Field Epidemiology, this CDC manual ushers investigators through the core elements of field work, including many of the challenges inherent to outbreaks: working with multiple state and federal agencies or multinational organizations; legal considerations; and effective utilization of an incident-management approach. Additional coverage includes: � Updated guidance for new tools in field investigations, including the latest technologies for data collection and incorporating data from geographic information systems (GIS) � Tips for investigations in unique settings, including healthcare and community-congregate sites � Advice for responding to different types of outbreaks, including acute enteric disease; suspected biologic or toxic agents; and outbreaks of violence, suicide, and other forms of injury For the ever-changing public health landscape, The CDC Field Epidemiology Manual offers a new, authoritative resource for effective outbreak response to acute and emerging threats. *** Oxford University Press will donate a portion of the proceeds from this book to the CDC Foundation, an independent nonprofit and the sole entity created by Congress to mobilize philanthropic and private-sector resources to support the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's critical health protection work. To learn more about the CDC Foundation, visit www.cdcfoundation.org. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Small Clinical Trials Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on Strategies for Small-Number-Participant Clinical Research Trials, 2001-01-01 Clinical trials are used to elucidate the most appropriate preventive, diagnostic, or treatment options for individuals with a given medical condition. Perhaps the most essential feature of a clinical trial is that it aims to use results based on a limited sample of research participants to see if the intervention is safe and effective or if it is comparable to a comparison treatment. Sample size is a crucial component of any clinical trial. A trial with a small number of research participants is more prone to variability and carries a considerable risk of failing to demonstrate the effectiveness of a given intervention when one really is present. This may occur in phase I (safety and pharmacologic profiles), II (pilot efficacy evaluation), and III (extensive assessment of safety and efficacy) trials. Although phase I and II studies may have smaller sample sizes, they usually have adequate statistical power, which is the committee's definition of a large trial. Sometimes a trial with eight participants may have adequate statistical power, statistical power being the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the hypothesis is false. Small Clinical Trials assesses the current methodologies and the appropriate situations for the conduct of clinical trials with small sample sizes. This report assesses the published literature on various strategies such as (1) meta-analysis to combine disparate information from several studies including Bayesian techniques as in the confidence profile method and (2) other alternatives such as assessing therapeutic results in a single treated population (e.g., astronauts) by sequentially measuring whether the intervention is falling above or below a preestablished probability outcome range and meeting predesigned specifications as opposed to incremental improvement. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Secondary Analysis of Electronic Health Records MIT Critical Data, 2016-09-09 This book trains the next generation of scientists representing different disciplines to leverage the data generated during routine patient care. It formulates a more complete lexicon of evidence-based recommendations and support shared, ethical decision making by doctors with their patients. Diagnostic and therapeutic technologies continue to evolve rapidly, and both individual practitioners and clinical teams face increasingly complex ethical decisions. Unfortunately, the current state of medical knowledge does not provide the guidance to make the majority of clinical decisions on the basis of evidence. The present research infrastructure is inefficient and frequently produces unreliable results that cannot be replicated. Even randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the traditional gold standards of the research reliability hierarchy, are not without limitations. They can be costly, labor intensive, and slow, and can return results that are seldom generalizable to every patient population. Furthermore, many pertinent but unresolved clinical and medical systems issues do not seem to have attracted the interest of the research enterprise, which has come to focus instead on cellular and molecular investigations and single-agent (e.g., a drug or device) effects. For clinicians, the end result is a bit of a “data desert” when it comes to making decisions. The new research infrastructure proposed in this book will help the medical profession to make ethically sound and well informed decisions for their patients. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Heart Failure Longjian Liu, 2017-09-14 Get a quick, expert overview of the many key facets of heart failure research with this concise, practical resource by Dr. Longjian Liu. This easy-to-read reference focuses on the incidence, distribution, and possible control of this significant clinical and public health problem which is often associated with higher mortality and morbidity, as well as increased healthcare expenditures. This practical resource brings you up to date with what's new in the field and how it can benefit your patients. - Features a wealth of information on epidemiology and research methods related to heart failure. - Discusses pathophysiology and risk profile of heart failure, research and design, biostatistical basis of inference in heart failure study, advanced biostatistics and epidemiology applied in heart failure study, and precision medicine and areas of future research. - Consolidates today's available information and guidance in this timely area into one convenient resource. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: An Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Palmer, Lyle J., Burton, Paul R., George Davey Smith, 2011-05-31 This book brings together leading experts to provide an introduction to genetic epidemiology that begins with a primer in human molecular genetics through all the standard methods in population genetics and genetic epidemiology required for an adequate grounding in the field. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Molecular Tools and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Betsy Foxman, 2010-12-28 Molecular Tools and Infectious Disease Epidemiology examines the opportunities and methodologic challenges in the application of modern molecular genetic and biologic techniques to infectious disease epidemiology. The application of these techniques dramatically improves the measurement of disease and putative risk factors, increasing our ability to detect and track outbreaks, identify risk factors and detect new infectious agents. However, integration of these techniques into epidemiologic studies also poses new challenges in the design, conduct, and analysis. This book presents the key points of consideration when integrating molecular biology and epidemiology; discusses how using molecular tools in epidemiologic research affects program design and conduct; considers the ethical concerns that arise in molecular epidemiologic studies; and provides a context for understanding and interpreting scientific literature as a foundation for subsequent practical experience in the laboratory and in the field. The book is recommended for graduate and advanced undergraduate students studying infectious disease epidemiology and molecular epidemiology; and for the epidemiologist wishing to integrate molecular techniques into his or her studies. - Presents the key points of consideration when integrating molecular biology and epidemiology - Discusses how using molecular tools in epidemiologic research affects program design and conduct - Considers the ethical concerns that arise in molecular epidemiologic studies - Provides a context for understanding and interpreting scientific literature as a foundation for subsequent practical experience in the laboratory and in the field |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Epidemiology and Medical Statistics , 2007-11-21 This volume, representing a compilation of authoritative reviews on a multitude of uses of statistics in epidemiology and medical statistics written by internationally renowned experts, is addressed to statisticians working in biomedical and epidemiological fields who use statistical and quantitative methods in their work. While the use of statistics in these fields has a long and rich history, explosive growth of science in general and clinical and epidemiological sciences in particular have gone through a see of change, spawning the development of new methods and innovative adaptations of standard methods. Since the literature is highly scattered, the Editors have undertaken this humble exercise to document a representative collection of topics of broad interest to diverse users. The volume spans a cross section of standard topics oriented toward users in the current evolving field, as well as special topics in much need which have more recent origins. This volume was prepared especially keeping the applied statisticians in mind, emphasizing applications-oriented methods and techniques, including references to appropriate software when relevant.· Contributors are internationally renowned experts in their respective areas· Addresses emerging statistical challenges in epidemiological, biomedical, and pharmaceutical research· Methods for assessing Biomarkers, analysis of competing risks· Clinical trials including sequential and group sequential, crossover designs, cluster randomized, and adaptive designs· Structural equations modelling and longitudinal data analysis |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Statistical Methods for Global Health and Epidemiology Xinguang Chen, (Din) Ding-Geng Chen, 2020-04-13 This book examines statistical methods and models used in the fields of global health and epidemiology. It includes methods such as innovative probability sampling, data harmonization and encryption, and advanced descriptive, analytical and monitory methods. Program codes using R are included as well as real data examples. Contemporary global health and epidemiology involves a myriad of medical and health challenges, including inequality of treatment, the HIV/AIDS epidemic and its subsequent control, the flu, cancer, tobacco control, drug use, and environmental pollution. In addition to its vast scales and telescopic perspective; addressing global health concerns often involves examining resource-limited populations with large geographic, socioeconomic diversities. Therefore, advancing global health requires new epidemiological design, new data, and new methods for sampling, data processing, and statistical analysis. This book provides global health researchers with methods that will enable access to and utilization of existing data. Featuring contributions from both epidemiological and biostatistical scholars, this book is a practical resource for researchers, practitioners, and students in solving global health problems in research, education, training, and consultation. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Medical Statistics Jennifer Peat, Belinda Barton, 2008-04-15 Holistic approach to understanding medical statistics This hands-on guide is much more than a basic medical statistics introduction. It equips you with the statistical tools required for evidence-based clinical research. Each chapter provides a clear step-by-step guide to each statistical test with practical instructions on how to generate and interpret the numbers, and present the results as scientific tables or graphs. Showing you how to: analyse data with the help of data set examples (Click here to download datasets) select the correct statistics and report results for publication or presentation understand and critically appraise results reported in the literature Each statistical test is linked to the research question and the type of study design used. There are also checklists for critically appraising the literature and web links to useful internet sites. Clear and concise explanations, combined with plenty of examples and tabulated explanations are based on the authors’ popular medical statistics courses. Critical appraisal guidelines at the end of each chapter help the reader evaluate the statistical data in their particular contexts. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Research Methods in Occupational Epidemiology Harvey Checkoway, Neil Pearce, Douglas J. Crawford-Brown, 1989-05-25 Occupational epidemiology has emerged as a distinct subdiscipline of epidemiology and occupational medicine, addressing fundamental public health and scientific questions relating to the specification of exposure-response relationships, assessment of the adequacy of occupational exposure guidelines, and extrapolation of hazardous effects to other settings. This book reviews the wide range of principles and methods used in epidemiologic studies of working populations. It describes the historical development of occupational epidemiology, the approaches to characterizing workplace exposures, and the methods for designing and implementing epidemiologic studies. The relative strengths and limitations of different study designs are emphasized. Also included are more advanced discussions of statistical analysis, the estimation of doses to biological targets, and applications of the data derived from occupational epidemiology studies to disease modeling and risk assessment. The volume will serve both as a textbook in epidemiology and occupational medicine courses and as a practical handbook for the design, implementation, and interpretation of research in this field. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Research Methods for Public Health Stuart McClean, Issy Bray, Nick de Viggiani, Emma Bird, Paul Pilkington, 2019-09-30 Research Methods for Public Health offers an in-depth introduction to the theories, concepts, approaches and practices, relevant to research methods in a public health setting. Informed by a socio-ecological model of public health, the book uses real world research examples and contemporary social, political and environmental themes of public health that reflect UK and international contexts. The book provides a straightforward approach to developing a research project and applying methods in practical and realistic ways, using an innovative, integrative approach that combines methodologies. The authors have moved away from traditional approaches to research methods, and include chapters on primary quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research, evidence synthesis approaches, critical appraisal, research governance and ethics, and dissemination. Essential reading for postgraduate students, researchers and public health practitioners, or individuals preparing for the UK Faculty of Public Health Part A examination. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Methods in Observational Epidemiology Jennifer L. Kelsey, 1996 This is the second edition of the first book to provide a complete picture of the design, conduct and analysis of observational studies, the most common type of epidemiologic study. Stressing sample size estimation, sampling, and measurement error, the authors cover the full scope of observational studies, describing cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, and epidemic investigation. The use of statistical procedures is described in easy-to-understand terms. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence , 1994 |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Encyclopedia of Epidemiology Sarah Boslaugh, 2008 Presents information from the field of epidemiology in a less technical, more accessible format. Covers major topics in epidemiology, from risk ratios to case-control studies to mediating and moderating variables, and more. Relevant topics from related fields such as biostatistics and health economics are also included. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Epidemiology Mark Woodward, 2004-11-29 Building an up-to-date understanding of the methodologies that can be used to shape public health policies, Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Second Edition encompasses the study of epidemiology from the observation of associations between risk factors and disease to the use of practical, data-supported analyses. It presents study designs commonly used for a wide range of purposes, and covers the spectrum of statistical principles and analytical tools used in epidemiological research, such as techniques used in report writing, descriptive analyses, statistical models and synthesis of evidence. New Material in This Edition Includes: Systematic evaluation Meta-analysis Regression dilution Case-cohort studies Case-crossover studies Pooled logistic regression Companion Web site containing data sets for examples and exercises, SAS and Stata code for examples, a sample size calculator, and a SAS floating absolute risk macro The second edition of a popular textbook, this book emphasizes quantitative and design aspects of epidemiological research. The author favors the use of basic mathematics and practical methods over complicated mathematical proofs, making this an ideal textbook that is comprehensive yet accessible to graduate students in epidemiology, statistics, public health studies, and/or medical research. |
| epidemiology study design and data analysis: Statistical Epidemiology Graham R. Law, Shane W. Pascoe, 2013 Statistics are a vital skill for epidemiologists and form an essential part of clinical medicine. This textbook introduces students to statistical epidemiology methods in a carefully structured and accessible format with clearly defined learning outcomes and suggested chapter orders that can be tailored to the needs of students at both undergraduate and graduate level from a range of academic backgrounds. The book covers study design, disease measuring, bias, error, analysis and modelling and is illustrated with figures, focus boxes, study questions and examples applicable to everyday clinical problems. Drawing on the authors' extensive teaching experience, the text provides an introduction to core statistical epidemiology that will be a valuable resource for students and lecturers in health and medical sciences and applied statistics, health staff, clinical researchers and data managers. |
Epidemiology | Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition
26 Dec 2013 · Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition continues to focus on the quantitative aspects of epidemiological research. Updated and expanded, this edition …
Epidemiology Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition
Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition continues to focus on the quantitative aspects of epidemiological research. Updated and expanded, this edition shows …
Epidemiology | Study Design and Data Analysis, Second Edition …
28 Nov 2004 · Building an up-to-date understanding of the methodologies that can be used to shape public health policies, Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Second Edition …
Epidemiology : Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition
19 Dec 2013 · Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition continues to focus on the quantitative aspects of epidemiological research. Updated and expanded, this edition …
Epidemiology : study design and data analysis
16 Jul 2019 · Epidemiology : study design and data analysis : Woodward, M. (Mark) : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. by. Woodward, M. (Mark) Publication …
Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition …
Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition continues to focus on the quantitative aspects of epidemiological research. Updated and expanded, this edition shows …
Epidemiology Study Design And Data Analysis
Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition continues to focus on the quantitative aspects of epidemiological research. Updated and expanded, this edition shows students how statistical …
Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition
Woodward’s third edition of Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis has two target audiences: researchers who need statistical solutions to epidemiology problems and …
Epidemiology | Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition
27 Dec 2013 · Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition continues to focus on the quantitative aspects of epidemiological research. Updated and expanded, this edition. …
Epidemiology : Study Design and Data Analysis, Second Edition
29 Nov 2004 · It presents study designs commonly used for a wide range of purposes, and covers the spectrum of statistical principles and analytical tools used in epidemiological research, such …
Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition
Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition continues to focus on the quantitative aspects of epidemiological research. Updated and expanded, this edition shows …
Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis - Google Books
25 May 1999 · Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis covers the whole spectrum of standard analytical techniques used in epidemiology, from descriptive techniques in report …
Epidemiology Of Study Design - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
24 Apr 2023 · Introduction. In epidemiology, researchers are interested in measuring or assessing the relationship of exposure with a disease or an outcome. As a first step, they define the …
Epidemiology 3rd edition | 9781439839706, 9781040079539
Epidemiology. Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition. Highly praised for its broad, practical coverage, the second edition of this popular text incorporated the major statistical …
Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition
19 Dec 2013 · Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition continues to focus on the quantitative aspects of epidemiological research. Updated and expanded, this edition …
Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Second Edition (Chapman ...
It presents study designs commonly used for a wide range of purposes, and covers the spectrum of statistical principles and analytical tools used in epidemiological research, such as …
Epidemiological study designs and principles of data analysis: A ...
The common goal of epidemiological studies is contributing to understanding the frequency, pattern, and causes of disease in populations and they are usually analysed to provide one or …
Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition
Published in 2013 by Chapman & Hall/CRC Texts in Statistical Science. Authors: Woodward Mark.
Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition / Edition 3
19 Dec 2013 · After introducing study design and reviewing all the standard methods, this self-contained book takes students through analytical methods for both general and specific …
Epidemiology : study design and data analysis | WorldCat.org
Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition continues to focus on the quantitative aspects of epidemiological research. Updated and expanded, this edition shows …
Epidemiology | Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edi…
26 Dec 2013 · Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition continues to focus on the quantitative aspects of epidemiological research. …
Epidemiology Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edit…
Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition continues to focus on the quantitative aspects of epidemiological research. Updated …
Epidemiology | Study Design and Data Analysis, Second E…
28 Nov 2004 · Building an up-to-date understanding of the methodologies that can be used to shape public health policies, Epidemiology: Study Design …
Epidemiology : Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edit…
19 Dec 2013 · Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis, Third Edition continues to focus on the quantitative aspects of epidemiological research. …
Epidemiology : study design and data analysis
16 Jul 2019 · Epidemiology : study design and data analysis : Woodward, M. (Mark) : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. by. …
