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| ethical decisions in history: Just American Wars Eric Patterson, 2019 This book examines the moral choices faced by U.S. political and military leaders in deciding when and how to employ force, from the American Revolution to the present day. Specifically, the book looks at discrete ethical dilemmas in various American conflicts from a just war perspective. For example, was the casus belli of the American Revolution just, and more specifically, was the Continental Congress a legitimate political authority? Was it just for Truman to drop the atomic bomb on Japan? How much of a role did the egos of Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon play in prolonging the Vietnam War? Often there are trade-offs that civilian and military leaders must take into account, such as General Scott's 1847 decision to bombard the city of Veracruz in order to quickly move his troops off the malarial Mexican coast. The book also considers the moral significance and policy practicalities of different motives and courses of action. The case studies provided highlight the nuances and even limits of just war principles, such as just cause, right intention, legitimate authority, last resort, likelihood of success, discrimination, and proportionality, and principles for ending war such as order, justice, and conciliation. This book will be of interest for students of just war theory, ethics, philosophy, American history and military history more generally. |
| ethical decisions in history: Rethinking Health Care Ethics Stephen Scher, Kasia Kozlowska, 2018-08-02 The goal of this open access book is to develop an approach to clinical health care ethics that is more accessible to, and usable by, health professionals than the now-dominant approaches that focus, for example, on the application of ethical principles. The book elaborates the view that health professionals have the emotional and intellectual resources to discuss and address ethical issues in clinical health care without needing to rely on the expertise of bioethicists. The early chapters review the history of bioethics and explain how academics from outside health care came to dominate the field of health care ethics, both in professional schools and in clinical health care. The middle chapters elaborate a series of concepts, drawn from philosophy and the social sciences, that set the stage for developing a framework that builds upon the individual moral experience of health professionals, that explains the discontinuities between the demands of bioethics and the experience and perceptions of health professionals, and that enables the articulation of a full theory of clinical ethics with clinicians themselves as the foundation. Against that background, the first of three chapters on professional education presents a general framework for teaching clinical ethics; the second discusses how to integrate ethics into formal health care curricula; and the third addresses the opportunities for teaching available in clinical settings. The final chapter, Empowering Clinicians, brings together the various dimensions of the argument and anticipates potential questions about the framework developed in earlier chapters. |
| ethical decisions in history: Moral Choices Scott Rae, 2009-12-15 With its unique union of theory and application and its well-organized, easy-to-use design, Moral Choices has earned its place as the standard text for college ethics courses. This third edition offers extensive updates, revisions, and brand new material, all designed to help students develop a sound and current basis for making ethical decisions in today's complex postmodern culture. Moral Choices outlines the distinctive elements of Christian ethics while avoiding undue dogmatism. The book also introduces other ethical systems and their key proponents, including Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, and Kant. After describing a seven-step procedure for tackling ethical dilemmas, author Scott Rae uses case studies to help students think critically and biblically about ? Abortion ? Reproductive Technologies ? Euthanasia ? Capital Punishment ? Sexual Ethics ? The Morality of War ? Genetic Technologies and Human Cloning ? NEW: Ethics and Economics New features include online resources for instructors; a chapter covering global capitalism, environmental ethics, and business ethics; new material on bioethics and on stem cell and embryo research; discussion questions at the end of each chapter; and sidebars with case studies. |
| ethical decisions in history: Ethics by Committee Noortje Jacobs, 2022-08-26 Ethics boards have become obligatory passage points in today's medical science, and we forget how novel they really are. The use of humans in experiments is an age-old practice that records show goes back to at least the third century BC and, since the early modern period, as a practice it has become increasingly popular. Yet, in most countries around the world, hardly any formal checks and balances existed to govern the communal oversight of experiments involving human subjects until at least the 1960s. Ethics by Committee traces the rise of ethics boards for human experimentation in the second half of the twentieth century. Using the Netherlands as a case-study, Noortje Jacobs shows how the authority of physicians to make decisions about clinical research gave way in most developed nations to formal mechanisms of communal decision-making that served to regiment the behavior of individual researchers. This historically unprecedented change in scientific governance came out of a growing international wariness of medical research in the decades after World War II. Research ethics committees were originally intended not only to make human experimentation more ethical but also to raise its epistemic quality. By examining complex negotiations over the appropriate governance of human subjects research, Ethics by Committee advances our understanding not only of the history of research ethics and the randomized controlled trial but also, more broadly, of how liberal democracies in the late twentieth century have sought to resolve public concerns over charged issues in medicine and science-- |
| ethical decisions in history: Choices Under Fire Michael Bess, 2009-03-12 World War II was the quintessential “good war.” It was not, however, a conflict free of moral ambiguity, painful dilemmas, and unavoidable compromises. Was the bombing of civilian populations in Germany and Japan justified? Were the Nuremberg and Tokyo war crimes trials legally scrupulous? What is the legacy bequeathed to the world by Hiroshima? With wisdom and clarity, Michael Bess brings a fresh eye to these difficult questions and others, arguing eloquently against the binaries of honor and dishonor, pride and shame, and points instead toward a nuanced reckoning with one of the most pivotal conflicts in human history. |
| ethical decisions in history: How Good People Make Tough Choices Rev Ed Rushworth M. Kidder, 2009-11-24 This insightful and brilliant analysis of ethics teaches readers valuable skills in evaluating tough choices and arriving at sound conclusions. “A thought-provoking guide to enlightened and progressive personal behavior.” —Jimmy Carter An essential guide to ethical action updated for our challenging times, How Good People Make Tough Choices by Rushworth M. Kidder offers practical tools for dealing with the difficult moral dilemmas we face in our everyday lives. The founder and president of the Institute for Global Ethics, Dr. Kidder provides guidelines for making the important decisions in situations that may not be that clear cut—from most private and personal to the most public and global. Former U.S. senator and NBA legend Bill Bradley calls How Good People Make Tough Choices “a valuable guide to more informed and self-conscious moral judgments.” |
| ethical decisions in history: Moral Choices Scott Rae, 2018-10-16 With its unique union of theory and application and its well-organized, easy-to-use design, Moral Choices has earned its place as the standard text for college ethics courses. This fourth edition offers extensive updates, revisions, and three brand new chapters all designed to help students develop a sound and current basis for making ethical decisions in today's complex postmodern culture. Moral Choices outlines the distinctive elements of Christian ethics while avoiding undue dogmatism. The book also introduces other ethical systems and their key historical proponents, including Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and Immanuel Kant. After describing a seven-step procedure for tackling ethical dilemmas, author Scott Rae uses case studies to address some of today's most pressing social issues. He guides students in thinking critically and biblically about issues, including: Abortion Reproductive Technologies Euthanasia Capital Punishment Sexual Ethics The Morality of War Genetic Technologies and Human Cloning Ethics and Economics NEW: Creation Care NEW: Animal Rights NEW: Gun-Control NEW: Race, Gender, and Diversity NEW: Immigration, Refugees, and Border Control FEATURES Relevant Case Studies throughout Discussion questions at the end of each chapter Sidebars with case studies for discussion Recommended further reading |
| ethical decisions in history: The Ethics of Shared Decision Making John D. Lantos, 2021-08-17 Patients today are more empowered and knowledgeable than they have ever been. By law, they must be told about the risks and benefits of proposed treatments and give informed consent before treatment is initiated. Through the democratization of medical information, they have access to peer-reviewed medical journals. Social media allows patients to share stories with others and to learn about other people's experiences with various treatments. There are websites written by experts at leading medical schools to help patients understand diseases and treatments. They have the right to see their medical records. The net result of all changes is a shift in the power balance between doctors and patients. Ideally, as a result of these shifts, the patients' values and preferences should guide treatment decisions. However, this proliferation of information often leads to confusion rather than clarity. Publicly available information often includes seemingly contradictory conclusions and recommendations. Patients don't know which opinions to trust. So, although patients have more information than ever, and many want to make decisions for themselves, they need more guidance than ever to help them process an avalanche of information. This volume aims to help both medical professionals and their patients navigate the evolving healthcare landscape by analyzing the process of shared decision-making (SDM) in clinical medicine. The concept of SDM has emerged in the last two decades as a middle ground between, on the one hand, old-fashinioned physician paternalism of the doctor-knows-best variety and, on the other hand, unfettered patient autonomy by which patients are thought capable of individually and independently choosing their own medical interventions. Advocates of SDM imagine that decisions will be made best if they follow a complex discussion and negotiation between doctor and patient; such discussions should incorporate the doctor's medical and technical expertise as well as the patient's goals, values, and preferences. SDM takes different forms for different patients in different clinical circumstances. This volume gathers experts in SDM to share their insights about how it ought to be done. The authors include clinicians, social scientist, and philosophers, all of whom have thought about or cared for patients from a variety of backgrounds and in a variety of clinical circumstances. The papers explore the complexity of SDM and offer practical guidance, gained from years of experience, about how to employ SDM as effectively as possible. |
| ethical decisions in history: Love 'Em or Lose 'Em, Sixth Edition Beverly Kaye, Sharon Jordan-Evans, 2021-03-02 This sixth edition of the number one bestselling employee retention book in the world (over 800,000 copies sold) puts a new emphasis on diversity and inclusion but keeps the same appealing format: twenty-six simple strategies from A to Z. Despite booms and busts, technology advances, talent wars, layoffs, and even a global pandemic, people want what they've always wanted. Employees want—and now expect—meaningful work, supportive bosses, regular recognition, and a chance to learn and grow. And managers want their amazing people to stay—for at least a little while longer. For two decades, this Wall Street Journal bestseller—over 800,000 sold—has offered twenty-six simple strategies, from A to Z, that managers can use to address their employees' real concerns and keep them engaged. The authors have gone over every word of the previous edition, revising, updating, and streamlining. This edition includes a timely focus on diversity and inclusion in every chapter. For example, chapter 6 focuses on family. Different cultures view family responsibilities differently, so the authors address how to take that into consideration when a treasured employee asks for extended leave to care for a grandparent. And a new section called “Conversations That Count” offers discussion questions for sparking deeper conversation around the topics in the book. This new edition will ensure that Love 'Em or Lose 'Em will continue to help managers all over the world create a supportive workplace cultureso they can fight burnout and keep the people they can least afford to lose. |
| ethical decisions in history: Making Ethical Decisions Michael S. Josephson, 1996 |
| ethical decisions in history: Ethical Decision Making in Fund Raising Marilyn Fischer, 2000-02-22 A handbook for ethical reasoning and discussion, Ethical Decision Making in Fund Raising provides resources with which fund raisers can analyze ethically troubling situations and make choices for their organizations.--BOOK JACKET. |
| ethical decisions in history: Moral Imagination Mark Johnson, 2014-12-10 Using path-breaking discoveries of cognitive science, Mark Johnson argues that humans are fundamentally imaginative moral animals, challenging the view that morality is simply a system of universal laws dictated by reason. According to the Western moral tradition, we make ethical decisions by applying universal laws to concrete situations. But Johnson shows how research in cognitive science undermines this view and reveals that imagination has an essential role in ethical deliberation. Expanding his innovative studies of human reason in Metaphors We Live By and The Body in the Mind, Johnson provides the tools for more practical, realistic, and constructive moral reflection. |
| ethical decisions in history: Leading With Values Neil Malhotra, Ken Shotts, 2022-02-17 Uses psychological and philosophical frameworks to teach readers how to make strategic, principled decisions as they lead with values. |
| ethical decisions in history: Military Medical Ethics, Volume 1 , |
| ethical decisions in history: Medicine, Ethics, and the Third Reich John J. Michalczyk, 1994 Amid all contemporary discussion of ethical issues in science, many ethicists, historians, Holocaust specialists and medical professionals strongly feel that we should understand the past in order to make more enlightened ethical decisions. |
| ethical decisions in history: A Dialogue on Ethical Issues of Life and Death Rocco J. Gennaro, 2002 This book, written in the form of a dialogue, is an introduction to several ethical theories and to four major contemporary moral issues: euthanasia, abortion, animal rights, and capital punishment. |
| ethical decisions in history: Ethical Decision Making: Introduction to Cases and Concepts in Ethics Lisa Newton, 2014-07-08 This short introduction to the discipline of Ethics in its practical and professional applications teaches, in simplest form, the discipline's vocabulary and forms of reasoning. It includes illustrative cases, clear explanations of philosophical terminology, and presents decision procedures appropriate to a hierarchy of cases. It is meant to be a foundation for elementary work in Ethics. |
| ethical decisions in history: The Seven Signs of Ethical Collapse Marianne M. Jennings, 2006-08-22 Do you want to make sure you · Don't invest your money in the next Enron? · Don't go to work for the next WorldCom right before the crash? · Identify and solve problems in your organization before they send it crashing to the ground? Marianne Jennings has spent a lifetime studying business ethics---and ethical failures. In demand nationwide as a speaker and analyst on business ethics, she takes her decades of findings and shows us in The Seven Signs of Ethical Collapse the reasons that companies and nonprofits undergo ethical collapse, including: · Pressure to maintain numbers · Fear and silence · Young 'uns and a larger-than-life CEO · A weak board · Conflicts · Innovation like no other · Belief that goodness in some areas atones for wrongdoing in others Don't watch the next accounting disaster take your hard-earned savings, or accept the perfect job only to find out your boss is cooking the books. If you're just interested in understanding the (not-so) ethical underpinnings of business today, The Seven Signs of Ethical Collapse is both a must-have tool and a fascinating window into today's business world. |
| ethical decisions in history: The Power of Ethics Susan Liautaud, 2021-01-05 The essential guide for ethical decision-making in the 21st century, The Power of Ethics depicts “ethical decision-making not in a nebulous philosophical space, but at the point where the rubber meets the road” (Michael Schur, producer and creator of The Good Place). It’s not your imagination: we’re living in a time of moral decline. Publicly, we’re bombarded with reports of government leaders acting against the welfare of their constituents; companies prioritizing profits over health, safety, and our best interests; and technology posing risks to society with few or no repercussions for those responsible. Personally, we may be conflicted about how much privacy to afford our children on the internet; how to make informed choices about our purchases and the companies we buy from; or how to handle misconduct we witness at home and at work. How do we find a way forward? Today’s ethical challenges are increasingly gray, often without a clear right or wrong solution, causing us to teeter on the edge of effective decision-making. With concentrated power structures, rapid advances in technology, and insufficient regulation to protect citizens and consumers, ethics are harder to understand than ever. But in The Power of Ethics, Susan Liautaud shows how ethics can be used to create a sea change of positive decisions that can ripple outward to our families, communities, workplaces, and the wider world—offering unprecedented opportunity for good. Drawing on two decades as an ethics advisor guiding corporations and leaders, academic institutions, nonprofit organizations, and students in her Stanford University ethics courses, Susan Liautaud provides clarity to blurry ethical questions, walking you through a straightforward, four-step process for ethical decision-making you can use every day. Liautaud also explains the six forces driving virtually every ethical choice we face. Exploring some of today’s most challenging ethics dilemmas and showing you how to develop a clear point of view, speak out with authority, make effective decisions, and contribute to a more ethical world for yourself and others, The Power of Ethics is the must-have ethics guide for the 21st century. |
| ethical decisions in history: Ethical Decision Making in School Administration Paul A. Wagner, Douglas J. Simpson, 2008-10-22 Pedagogically rich, demographically inclusive, and culturally sensitive, Ethical Decision Making in School and District Administration exposes educational leaders to an interdisciplinary array of theories from the fields of education, economics, management, and moral philosophy (past and present). Authors Paul A. Wagner and Douglas J. Simpson demonstrate how understanding key concepts can dramatically improve management styles and protocols. Key Features Contains numerous case studies that apply the book's concepts to relevant ethical issues faced by school administrators Reveals possibilities for thinking outside the box in terms of morally informed and effective leadership strategies aimed at securing organizational commitment and shared vision Presents multiple theories of ethics, demonstrating how they inform decision making and culture building in school districts Incorporates a range of in-text learning aids, including figures that clarify and critique ideas, a complete glossary, and end-of-chapter activities and questions |
| ethical decisions in history: Ethical Maturity in the Helping Professions Michael Carroll, Elisabeth Shaw, 2013 Ethical Maturity in the Helping Professions provides a comprehensive overview of the most influential ideas in ethical thinking across the ages. It explores the ethical challenges through an interdisciplinary approach and presents a brand new model for becoming ethically mature professionals in the process. |
| ethical decisions in history: Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements American Nurses Association, 2001 Pamphlet is a succinct statement of the ethical obligations and duties of individuals who enter the nursing profession, the profession's nonnegotiable ethical standard, and an expression of nursing's own understanding of its commitment to society. Provides a framework for nurses to use in ethical analysis and decision-making. |
| ethical decisions in history: Values & Ethics in Counselling and Psychotherapy Gillian Proctor, 2014-03-14 This book offers an introduction to values and ethics in counselling and psychotherapy, helping you to develop the ethical awareness needed throughout the counselling process. The book covers: - Context and emergence of ethics in counselling - Exercises to explore personal and professional values - Tools to develop ethical mindfulness - Differences between therapeutic models - Relational ethics - Ethical dilemmas and issues - Practice issues including confidentiality, boundaries and autonomy versus beneficence. Using in-depth case studies of counselling students, the author demonstrates the constant relevance of values and ethics to counselling and psychotherapy, equipping trainees with the tools to successfully navigate values and ethics in their professional practice. |
| ethical decisions in history: Culturally Relevant Ethical Decision-Making in Counseling Rick Houser, Felicia L. Wilczenski, MaryAnna Ham, 2006-04-12 Culturally Relevant Ethical Decision-Making in Counseling presents a hermeneutic orientation and framework to address contextual issues in ethical decision-making in counseling and psychotherapy. Authors Rick Houser, Felicia L. Wilczenski, and Mary Anna Ham incorporate broad perspectives of ethical theories which are grounded in various worldviews and sensitive to cultural issues. Key Features: Introduces a wide range of ethical theories: Important to the foundation of ethical decision-making is an in-depth understanding of general culturally relevant ethical theories that represent most world philosophical views. In addition to covering mainstream theories, this book introduces a wide range of ethical theories from Western, Eastern, Middle Eastern, Pan African, Native American, and Latino ethical perspectives. Offers numerous examples: Case studies are provided throughout the text to show how to apply diverse ethical theories to clinical practice. The authors also discuss how to negotiate between an enhanced ethical perspective based on diversity and professional standards codified and mandated in this country. Provides a systematic ethical decision-making model: Ethical decision-making has become a critical part of the training and practice of professional counselors and they can benefit immensely from systematic training in this area. The model in this book provides practitioners with a broad based approach to ethical decision-making, and ultimately improves the ethical decision-making process for counselors. Intended Audience: This is an ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on professional standards and ethics in the fields of Counseling, Psychotherapy, and Psychology. |
| ethical decisions in history: Clinical Ethics: A Practical Approach to Ethical Decisions in Clinical Medicine, Ninth Edition Albert R. Jonsen, Mark Siegler, William J. Winslade, 2021-12-17 A Doody's Core Title for 2023! The go-to textbook on the increasingly important and rapidly evolving topic of medical ethics Ethical issues are embedded in every clinical encounter between patients and clinicians. In order to practice excellent clinical care, clinicians must understand ethical issues such as informed consent, decisional capacity, surrogate decision making, truth telling, confidentiality, privacy, the distinction between research and clinical care, and end-of-life care. This popular, clinically-oriented guide provides crystal-clear case-based coverage of the ethical situations encountered in everyday medical practice. Clinical Ethics introduces the proven Four Box Method—a much-needed pattern for collecting, sorting, and ordering the facts of a clinical ethical problem. This easy-to-apply system is based on simple questions about medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life, and contextual features that explain clinical ethics and help clinicians formulate a sound diagnosis and treatment strategy. In each chapter, the authors discuss case examples and provide analysis, comments, and specific recommendations. The book is divided into the four topics that constitute the essential ethical structure of every clinical encounter: Medical Indications, Preferences of Patients Quality of Life Contextual Features |
| ethical decisions in history: How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time Iain King, 2008-10-16 A compelling guide to ethical thinking for everyday life In How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time Iain King presents an introduction to moral philosophy from the ancient Greeks to the Enlightenment and beyond. He argues that right and wrong need a Newtonian revolution so that they are no longer a matter of judgment or guesswork and presents a system of simple formulas for solving difficult moral quandaries. Clearly argued, the book combines new ideas with old and rips apart traditional tenets of morality, dismantling even the golden rule that you should do unto others as you would have done unto you. In their place, the author constructs a new, comprehensive system of ethics, identifying the basic DNA of right and wrong and offering clear advice on how to be good in today's complicated and challenging world. Sometimes controversial and thoroughly engaging throughout, How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time is required reading for anyone with a difficult decision to make. |
| ethical decisions in history: Foundations of Information Ethics John T. F. Burgess, Emily J. M. Knox, 2019-03-01 As discussions about the roles played by information in economic, political, and social arenas continue to evolve, the need for an intellectual primer on information ethics that also functions as a solid working casebook for LIS students and professionals has never been more urgent. |
| ethical decisions in history: The Abuse of Casuistry Albert R. Jonsen, Stephen Toulmin, 1988 In this engaging study, the authors put casuistry into its historical context, tracing the origin of moral reasoning in antiquity, its peak during the sixteenth and early seventeenth century, and its subsequent fall into disrepute from the mid-seventeenth century. |
| ethical decisions in history: For-Profit Enterprise in Health Care Institute of Medicine, Committee on Implications of For-Profit Enterprise in Health Care, 1986-01-01 [This book is] the most authoritative assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of recent trends toward the commercialization of health care, says Robert Pear of The New York Times. This major study by the Institute of Medicine examines virtually all aspects of for-profit health care in the United States, including the quality and availability of health care, the cost of medical care, access to financial capital, implications for education and research, and the fiduciary role of the physician. In addition to the report, the book contains 15 papers by experts in the field of for-profit health care covering a broad range of topicsâ€from trends in the growth of major investor-owned hospital companies to the ethical issues in for-profit health care. The report makes a lasting contribution to the health policy literature. â€Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law. |
| ethical decisions in history: The Ethics Police? Robert Klitzman, 2015 Studies on humans have saved countless lives, but sometimes harm participants. Research ethics committees currently monitor scientists, but have been increasingly criticized for blocking important research. How these committees work, however, is largely unknown. This book uniquely illuminates this hidden world that ultimately affects us all. |
| ethical decisions in history: Scientists at War Sarah Bridger, 2015-04-06 Sarah Bridger examines the ethical debates that tested the U.S. scientific community during the Cold War, and scientists’ contributions to military technologies and strategic policymaking, from the dawning atomic age through the Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars) in the 1980s, which sparked cross-generational opposition among scientists. |
| ethical decisions in history: The Ethics Toolkit Julian Baggini, Peter S. Fosl, 2024-01-16 A new edition of the bestselling guide which equips readers with the skills necessary for engaging in ethical reflection The Ethics Toolkit offers an engaging and approachable introduction to the core concepts, principles, and methods of contemporary ethics. Explaining to students and general readers how to think critically about ethics and actually use philosophical concepts, this innovative volume provides the tools and knowledge required to engage intelligently in ethical study, deliberation, and debate. Invaluable as both a complete guide and a handy reference, this versatile resource provides clear and authoritative information on a diverse range of topics, from fundamental concepts and major ethical frameworks to contemporary critiques and ongoing debates. Throughout the text, Fosl and Baggini highlight the crucial role ethics plays in our lives, exploring autonomy, free will, consciousness, fairness, responsibility, consent, intersectionality, sex and gender, and much more. Substantially revised and expanded, the second edition of The Ethics Toolkit contains a wealth of new entries, new recommended readings, more detailed textual references, and numerous timely real-world and hypothetical examples. Uses clear and accessible language appropriate for use inside and beyond the classroom Contains cross-referenced entries to help readers connect and contrast ideas Engages both non-Western and Western philosophy Offer insights into key issues in ethics with a firm grounding in the history of philosophy Includes an appendix of tools for the practice of ethics, including links to podcasts, web and print resources, and prominent ethics organizations Written by the authors of the popular The Philosophers’ Toolkit, this new edition of The Ethics Toolkit is a must-have resource for anyone interested in ethics, from general readers to undergraduate and graduate students. |
| ethical decisions in history: A Historical Perspective on Ethical Decision-making in the Care of the Impaired Newborn Bonnie Lesley Zell, 1985 |
| ethical decisions in history: Psychological Perspectives on Ethical Behavior and Decision Making David DeCremer, 2009-08-01 The book is divided into three relatively coherent sections that focus on understanding the emergence of (un)ethical decisions and behaviors in our work and social lives by adopting a psychological framework. The first section focuses on reviewing our knowledge with respect to the specific notions of ethical behavior and corruption. These chapters aim to provide definitions, boundary conditions and suggestions for future research on these notions. The second section focuses on the intra-individual processes (affect, cognition and motivation) that determine why and how people display unethical behavior and are able to justify this kind of behavior to a certain extent. In these chapters the common theme is that given specific circumstances psychological processes are activated that bias perceptions of ethical behavior and decision making. The third section explores how organizational features frame the organizational setting and climate. These chapters focus on how employment of sanctions, procedurally fair leadership and a general code of conduct shapes perceptions of the organizational climate in ways that it becomes clear to organizational members how just, moral and retributive the organization will be in case of unethical behavior. |
| ethical decisions in history: Managing Business Ethics Linda K. Trevino, Katherine A. Nelson, 2016-09-13 Revised edition of the authors' Managing business ethics, [2014] |
| ethical decisions in history: Case Studies in Pharmacy Ethics Robert Veatch, Amy Haddad, 2010-04-10 Pharmacists face ethical choices constantly -- sometimes dramatic life-and-death decisions, but more often subtle, less conspicuous choices that are nonetheless important. Among the topics confronted are assisted suicide, conscientious refusal, pain management, equitable distribution of drug resources within institutions and managed care plans, confidentiality, and alternative and non-traditional therapies. Veatch and Haddad's book, first published in 1999, was the first collection of case studies based on the real experiences of practicing pharmacists, for use as a teaching tool for pharmacy students. The second edition accounts for the many changes in pharmacy since 1999, including assisted suicide in Oregon, the purchasing of less expensive drugs from Canada, and the influence of managed care on prescriptions. The presentation of some cases is shortened, most are revised and updated, and two new chapters have been added. The first new chapter presents a new model for analyzing cases, while the second focuses on the ethics of new drug distribution systems, for example hospitals where pharmacists are forced to choose drugs based on cost-effectiveness, and internet based pharmacies. |
| ethical decisions in history: The Handbook of Social Research Ethics Donna M. Mertens, Pauline E. Ginsberg, 2009 Brings together international scholars across the social and behavioural sciences and education to address those ethical issues that arise in the theory and practice of research within the technologically advancing and culturally complex world in which we live. |
| ethical decisions in history: Good Ethics and Bad Choices Jennifer S. Blumenthal-Barby, 2021-08-03 An analysis of how findings in behavioral economics challenge fundamental assumptions of medical ethics, integrating the latest research in both fields. Bioethicists have long argued for rational persuasion to help patients with medical decisions. But the findings of behavioral economics—popularized in Thaler and Sunstein’s Nudge and other books—show that arguments depending on rational thinking are unlikely to be successful and even that the idea of purely rational persuasion may be a fiction. In Good Ethics and Bad Choices, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby examines how behavioral economics challenges some of the most fundamental tenets of medical ethics. She not only integrates the latest research from both fields but also provides examples of how physicians apply concepts of behavioral economics in practice. Blumenthal-Barby analyzes ethical issues raised by “nudging” patient decision making and argues that the practice can improve patient decisions, prevent harm, and perhaps enhance autonomy. She then offers a more detailed ethical analysis of further questions that arise, including whether nudging amounts to manipulation, to what extent and at what point these techniques should be used, when and how their use would be wrong, and whether transparency about their use is required. She provides a snapshot of nudging “in the weeds,” reporting on practices she observed in clinical settings including psychiatry, pediatric critical care, and oncology. Warning that there is no “single, simple account of the ethics of nudging,” Blumenthal-Barby offers a qualified defense, arguing that a nudge can be justified in part by the extent to which it makes patients better off. |
| ethical decisions in history: Clinical Ethics, 8th Edition Albert R. Jonsen, Mark Siegler, William J. Winslade, 2015-06-22 The most trusted and reader-friendly guide on how to make the right decisions when facing ethical issues in clinical practice A Doody’s Core Title for 2019! Clinical Ethics teaches healthcare providers how to effectively identify, evaluate, and resolve ethical issues in clinical medicine. Using the author’s acclaimed “four box” approach and numerous illustrative case examples, the book enables practitioners to gain a better understanding of the complexities involved in ethical cases and demonstrates how to find a solution for each case study. Clinical Ethics goes beyond theory to offer a solid decision-making strategy applicable to real-world practice. Readers will learn an easy-to-apply system based on simple questions about medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life, and contextual features that clearly explain clinical ethics and help them formulate a sound diagnosis and treatment strategy. The case examples have been especially selected to demonstrate how principles apply to everyday practice. The eighth edition has been extensively revised to reflect the latest challenges, such as the those involving medical data, legal issues, the unrepresented patient, and problems of continuity and discharge |
| ethical decisions in history: Clinical Ethics Albert R. Jonsen, Mark Siegler, William J. Winslade, 1992 Clinical Ethics introduces the four-topics method of approaching ethical problems (i.e., medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life, and contextual features). Each of the four chapters represents one of the topics. In each chapter, the authors discuss cases and provide comments and recommendations. The four-topics method is an organizational process by which clinicians can begin to understand the complexities involved in ethical cases and can proceed to find a solution for each case. |
ETHICAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ETHICAL is of or relating to ethics. How to use ethical in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Ethical.
ETHICAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ETHICAL definition: 1. relating to beliefs about what is morally right and wrong: 2. morally right: 3. An ethical…. Learn more.
ETHICAL Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Ethical definition: pertaining to or dealing with morals or the principles of morality; pertaining to right and wrong in conduct.. See examples of ETHICAL used in a sentence.
Ethics | Definition, History, Examples, Types, Philosophy, & Facts ...
Apr 21, 2025 · The term ethics may refer to the philosophical study of the concepts of moral right and wrong and moral good and bad, to any philosophical theory of what is morally right and …
Ethical - definition of ethical by The Free Dictionary
1. pertaining to or dealing with morals or the principles of morality; pertaining to ethics. 2. being in accordance with the rules or standards for right conduct or practice, esp. the standards of a …
ethical adjective - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
Definition of ethical adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
What does Ethical mean? - Definitions.net
Ethical refers to principles of right or wrong that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of an activity. It pertains to accepted standards of conduct based on concepts of morality, …
What Does Ethical Mean? - The Word Counter
Apr 2, 2022 · According to Dictionary, the word ethical is an adjective that means related to morals or principles or the concept of right and wrong. If something is ethical, it is within moral …
What Does Ethical Mean? | Clear Principles Explained
Ethical refers to principles that govern behavior, ensuring actions align with moral values and societal norms. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with questions about what is …
ETHICAL - Definition & Translations | Collins English Dictionary
Discover everything about the word "ETHICAL" in English: meanings, translations, synonyms, pronunciations, examples, and grammar insights - all in one comprehensive guide.
ETHICAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ETHICAL is of or relating to ethics. How to use ethical in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Ethical.
ETHICAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ETHICAL definition: 1. relating to beliefs about what is morally right and wrong: 2. morally right: 3. An ethical…. Learn …
ETHICAL Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Ethical definition: pertaining to or dealing with morals or the principles of morality; pertaining to right and …
Ethics | Definition, History, Examples, Types, Philosophy, …
Apr 21, 2025 · The term ethics may refer to the philosophical study of the concepts of moral right and wrong and moral good and bad, to any …
Ethical - definition of ethical by The Free Dictionary
1. pertaining to or dealing with morals or the principles of morality; pertaining to ethics. 2. being in accordance with the rules or standards for right …
