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| death by government by r j rummel: Death by Government R. J. Rummel, 2011-12-31 This is R. J. Rummel's fourth book in a series devoted to genocide and government mass murder, or what he calls democide. He presents the primary results, in tables and figures, as well as a historical sketch of the major cases of democide, those in which one million or more people were killed by a regime. In Death by Government, Rummel does not aim to describe democide itself, but to determine its nature and scope in order to test the theory that democracies are inherently nonviolent. Rummel discusses genocide in China, Nazi Germany, Japan, Cambodia, Turkey, Yugoslavia, Poland, the Soviet Union, and Pakistan. He also writes about areas of suspected genocide: North Korea, Mexico, and feudal Russia. His results clearly and decisively show that democracies commit less democide than other regimes. The underlying principle is that the less freedom people have, the greater the violence; the more freedom, the less the violence. Thus, as Rummel says, “The problem is power. The solution is democracy. The course of action is to foster freedom.” Death by Government is a compelling look at the horrors that occur in modern societies. It depicts how democide has been very much a part of human history. Among other examples, the book includes the massacre of Europeans during the Thirty Years' War, the relatively unknown genocide of the French Revolution, and the slaughtering of American Indians by colonists in the New World. This riveting account is an essential tool for historians, political scientists, and scholars interested in the study of genocide. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Power Kills R. J. Rummel, 2002-11-01 This volume, newly published in paperback, is part of a comprehensive effort by R. J. Rummel to understand and place in historical perspective the entire subject of genocide and mass murder, or what he calls democide. It is the fifth in a series of volumes in which he offers a detailed analysis of the 120,000,000 people killed as a result of government action or direct intervention. In Power Kills, Rummel offers a realistic and practical solution to war, democide, and other collective violence. As he states it, The solution...is to foster democratic freedom and to democratize coercive power and force. That is, mass killing and mass murder carried out by government is a result of indiscriminate, irresponsible Power at the center. Rummel observes that well-established democracies do not make war on and rarely commit lesser violence against each other. The more democratic two nations are, the less likely is war or smaller-scale violence between them. The more democratic a nation is, the less severe its overall foreign violence, the less likely it will have domestic collective violence, and the less its democide. Rummel argues that the evidence supports overwhelmingly the most important fact of our time: democracy is a method of nonviolence. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Democide Rudolph J. Rummel, This volume is part of a comprehensive effort by Professor Rummel to understand and place in historical perspective the entire subject of genocide and mass murder-what is herein called Democide. It is the third in a series of volumes published by Transaction, in which Rummel offers a comprehensive analysis of the 120,000,000 people killed as a result of government action or direct intervention. Curiously, while we have a considerable body of literature on the Nazi Holocaust, we do not have a total accounting-at least not until now with the issuance of Democide. In addition to the quantitative lacunae, there remains a paucity of theoretical information distinguishing the historical descriptive and the anecdotal accounts. This study of Nazi killings in cold blood is a path-finding effort in political psychology. While Rummel does not claim to give a definitive accounting, his explanation for the numbers reached-and they are high-is compelling. In addition, we now have a correlation of information on the murder of diverse groups: Jews, Gypsies, Poles, Ukranians, and even Germans themselves. It is now possible to fathom the Nazi genocidal poiicies-which were collective and which were selective. Rummel's volume is a clear guide to a murky past. It offers the first systematic effort to ascertain the nature and the extent of the Nazi genocide from the point of view of the perpetrator's aims rather than the victims' consequences. This is not a pretty picture, but it is not a partisan one either. The materials are presented in a clinical as well as a systemic fashion. Rummel has a deep sense of the life-saving instincts of individuals and the life-taking propensities of impersonal state machinery. It is thus, a humanistic effort, one that plumbs the effects of the Nazi war-machine on innocents in order to better understand present conditions. Professionals ranging from social scientists to demographers will find this a quintessential effort at political reconstruction. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Statistics of Democide Rudolph J. Rummel, 1998 And conclusions -- Pre-twentieth century democide -- 1. The megamurderers. Japan's savage military ; The Khmer Rouge Hell State ; Turkey's ethnic purges ; The Vietnamese War state ; Poland's ethnic cleansing ; The Pakistani cutthroat state ; Tito's slaughterhouse ; Orwellian North Korea ; Barbarous Mexico ; Feudal Russia -- 2. The centi-kilo and lesser murderers. Death by American bombing ; The horde of centi-kilo murderers ; The crown of lesser murderers -- 3. Statistics of democide, power, and social field. The social field of democide ; Democracy, power, and democide ; Social diversity, power, and democide ; Culture and democide ; The socio-economic and geographic context of democide ; War, rebellion, and democide ; The social field and democide ; Democide through the years. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Death by Government R. J. Rummel, 1997-01-01 This is R. J. Rummel's fourth book in a series devoted to genocide and government mass murder, or what he calls democide. He presents the primary results, in tables and figures, as well as a historical sketch of the major cases of democide, those in which one million or more people were killed by a regime. In Death by Government, Rummel does not aim to describe democide itself, but to determine its nature and scope in order to test the theory that democracies are inherently nonviolent. Rummel discusses genocide in China, Nazi Germany, Japan, Cambodia, Turkey, Yugoslavia, Poland, the Soviet Union, and Pakistan. He also writes about areas of suspected genocide: North Korea, Mexico, and feudal Russia. His results clearly and decisively show that democracies commit less democide than other regimes. The underlying principle is that the less freedom people have, the greater the violence; the more freedom, the less the violence. Thus, as Rummel says, âThe problem is power. The solution is democracy. The course of action is to foster freedom.â Death by Government is a compelling look at the horrors that occur in modern societies. It depicts how democide has been very much a part of human history. Among other examples, the book includes the massacre of Europeans during the Thirty Years' War, the relatively unknown genocide of the French Revolution, and the slaughtering of American Indians by colonists in the New World. This riveting account is an essential tool for historians, political scientists, and scholars interested in the study of genocide. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Lethal Politics R. J. Rummel, 2017-07-05 While there are estimates of the number of people killed by Soviet authorities during particular episodes or campaigns, until now, no one has tried to calculate the complete human toll of Soviet genocides and mass murders since the revolution of 1917. Here, R. J. Rummel lists and analyzes hundreds of published estimates, presenting them in the historical context in which they occurred. His shocking conclusion is that, conservatively calculated, 61,911,000 people were systematically killed by the Communist regime from 1917 to 1987.Rummel divides the published estimates on which he bases his conclusions into eight historical periods, such as the Civil War, collectivization, and World War II. The estimates are further divided into agents of death, such as terrorism, deportations, and famine. Using statistical principles developed from more than 25 years of quantitative research on nations, he analyzes the estimates. In the collectivization period, for example, about 11,440,000 people were murdered. During World War II, while the Soviet Union had lost almost 20,000,000 in the war, the Party was killing even more of its citizens and foreigners-probably an additional 13,053,000. For each period, he defines, counts, and totals the sources of death. He shows that Soviet forced labor camps were the major engine of death, probably killing 39,464,000 prisoners overall.To give meaning and depth to these figures, Rummel compares them to the death toll from'major wars, world disasters, global genocide, deaths from cancer and other diseases, and the like. In these and other ways, Rummel goes well beyond the bare bones of statistical analysis and tries to provide understanding of this incredible toll of human lives. Why were these people killed? What was the political and social context? How can we understand it? These and other questions are addressed in a compelling historical narrative.This definitive book will be of interest to Soviet experts, those inte |
| death by government by r j rummel: Death by Government R. J. Rummel, 2018-02-06 This is R. J. Rummel's fourth book in a series devoted to genocide and government mass murder, or what he calls democide. He presents the primary results, in tables and figures, as well as a historical sketch of the major cases of democide, those in which one million or more people were killed by a regime. In Death by Government, Rummel does not aim to describe democide itself, but to determine its nature and scope in order to test the theory that democracies are inherently nonviolent. Rummel discusses genocide in China, Nazi Germany, Japan, Cambodia, Turkey, Yugoslavia, Poland, the Soviet Union, and Pakistan. He also writes about areas of suspected genocide: North Korea, Mexico, and feudal Russia. His results clearly and decisively show that democracies commit less democide than other regimes. The underlying principle is that the less freedom people have, the greater the violence; the more freedom, the less the violence. Thus, as Rummel says, The problem is power. The solution is democracy. The course of action is to foster freedom. Death by Government is a compelling look at the horrors that occur in modern societies. It depicts how democide has been very much a part of human history. Among other examples, the book includes the massacre of Europeans during the Thirty Years' War, the relatively unknown genocide of the French Revolution, and the slaughtering of American Indians by colonists in the New World. This riveting account is an essential tool for historians, political scientists, and scholars interested in the study of genocide. |
| death by government by r j rummel: China's Bloody Century R. J. Rummel, 2017-07-12 Except for Soviet citizens, no people in this century have endured so much mass killing as have the Chinese. They have been murdered by rebels conniving with their own rulers, and then, after the defeat in war of the imperial dynasty, by soldiers of other lands. They have been killed by warlords who ruled one part of China or another. They have been executed by Nationalists or Communists because they had the wrong beliefs or attitudes or were simply in the wrong place at the wrong time. In China's Bloody Century, R.J. Rummel's careful estimate of the total number of killings exceeds 5 million. How do we explain such killings, crossing ideological bounds and political conditions? According to Rummel, the one constant factor in all the Chinese mass murder, as it was in the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany, is arbitrary power. It was the factor that united warlords, Nationalists, Communists, and foreign armies. The author argues that whenever such undisciplined power is centralized and unchecked, the possibility exists that it will be used at the whim of dictators to kill for their own ends, whether the aim is ethnic-racial purity, national unity, development, or utopia. The book presents successive periods in modern Chinese history, with each chapter divided into three parts. Rummel first relates the history of the period within which the nature and the amount of killings are presented. He then provides a detailed statistical table giving the basic estimates with their sources and qualifications. The final part offers an appendix that explains and elaborates the statistical computations and estimates. While estimates are available in the literature on the number of Chinese killed in Communist land reform, or in Tibet, or by the Nationalists in one military campaign or another, until this book no one has tried to systematically accumulate, organize, add up, and analyze these diverse killings for all of China's governments in this century. For |
| death by government by r j rummel: R.J. Rummel: An Assessment of His Many Contributions Nils Petter Gleditsch, 2017-05-30 This book is open access under a CC BY license. The book provides a critical and constructive assessment of the many contributions to social science and politics made by Professor R. J. Rummel. Rummel was a prolific writer and an important teacher and mentor to a number of people who in turn have made their mark on the profession. His work has always been controversial. But after the end of the Cold War, his views on genocide and the democratic peace in particular have gained wide recognition in the profession. He was also a pioneer in the use of statistical methods in international relations. His work in not easily classified in the traditional categories of international relations research (realism, idealism, and constructivism). He was by no means a pacifist and his views on the US-Soviet arms race led him to be classified as a hawk. But his work on the democratic peace has become extremely influential among liberal IR scholars and peace researchers. Above all, he was a libertarian. |
| death by government by r j rummel: The Black Book of Communism Stéphane Courtois, 1999 This international bestseller plumbs recently opened archives in the former Soviet bloc to reveal the accomplishments of communism around the world. The book is the first attempt to catalogue and analyse the crimes of communism over 70 years. |
| death by government by r j rummel: War & Democide Rudolph J. Rummel, 2004 Mismatched lovers attempt to create an alternative peaceful universe. Prepared to use any means necessary-bribery, lies, deception, frame-ups, and political intervention- they embark on their quest. But will their incredible wealth, weapons, and personal conflicts jeopardize their mission? |
| death by government by r j rummel: Schoolbooks and Krags John Morgan Gates, 1973 |
| death by government by r j rummel: The Devil and Karl Marx Paul Kengor, 2020-08-18 A chilling account of an evil ideology and the man whose nefarious thoughts made it possible. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Never Again Rudolph J. Rummel, 2005 This book summarizes scholarly and scientific research, and the vast social and economic experiments involving billions to prove that there is a solution to war, democide, famine, mass poverty, gross economic inequality, and human insecurity. This solution is democratic freedom. |
| death by government by r j rummel: The Conflict Helix R. J. Rummel, This is a book on conflict and consensus aimed at the general reader. In active, plain and direct language it makes the seemingly abstract and complex issues simple. Its view of peace is well-rounded, tough-minded, one that well understands the difficult world of social and personal violence and conflict. At its heart is a simple finding: to wage peace we need to foster freedom. The human race can best achieve that simple aim by leaving people alone to form their own communities. The Conflict Helix avoids the ambiguous in favor of the categorical; the hedged, qualified statement for the direct Rummel presents a series of basic principles, each concerning an aspect of conflict and peace - psychological, interpersonal, societal, international - and each aspect having its own master principle. These principles are not mere organizational props, but are deeply theoretical and empirically fundamental. The volume expresses the core ideas, results and conclusions of Rummel's major, five-volume work on Understanding Conflict and War. In discarding technical material and focusing on principles and meaning, The Conflict Helix presents an executive summary of a lifetime of work in a digestible form. In light of recent events in Europe, Asia and Latin American this work takes on a special poignancy for the developing no less than the industrialized worlds. Hence, this book should be of value to the general reader as well as professionals and advanced students of international politics. |
| death by government by r j rummel: The Blue Book of Freedom R. J. Rummel, 2007-09 In The Blue Book of Freedom, R. J. Rummel asserts that democracy is the solution to the scourges that face the world. A student of war and peace for more than forty years, he has learned that democratic freedom provides a solution to the evils that have plagued mankind. The Blue Book of Freedom presents the results of his work in everyday language. The main points are: * Freedom is the way to economic and human security. * Free people never have famine. * Where people are free, political violence is minimal. * The more freedom a people enjoy, the less likely their government will murder them. * The less free the people in any two nations are, the bloodier and more destructive any war between them will be. * To do away with famine, mass impoverishment, democide (the murder by a government of its own people), and war, promote freedom. * Democratic freedom is a method of nonviolence and an antidote to war. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Dangerous Sanctuaries Sarah Kenyon Lischer, 2015-07-22 Since the early 1990s, refugee crises in the Balkans, Central Africa, the Middle East, and West Africa have led to the international spread of civil war. In Central Africa alone, more than three million people have died in wars fueled, at least in part, by internationally supported refugee populations. The recurring pattern of violent refugee crises prompts the following questions: Under what conditions do refugee crises lead to the spread of civil war across borders? How can refugee relief organizations respond when militants use humanitarian assistance as a tool of war? What government actions can prevent or reduce conflict?To understand the role of refugees in the spread of conflict, Sarah Kenyon Lischer systematically compares violent and nonviolent crises involving Afghan, Bosnian, and Rwandan refugees. Lischer argues against the conventional socioeconomic explanations for refugee-related violence—abysmal living conditions, proximity to the homeland, and the presence of large numbers of bored young men. Lischer instead focuses on the often-ignored political context of the refugee crisis. She suggests that three factors are crucial: the level of the refugees' political cohesion before exile, the ability and willingness of the host state to prevent military activity, and the contribution, by aid agencies and outside parties, of resources that exacerbate conflict.Lischer's political explanation leads to policy prescriptions that are sure to be controversial: using private security forces in refugee camps or closing certain camps altogether. With no end in sight to the brutal wars that create refugee crises, Dangerous Sanctuaries is vital reading for anyone concerned with how refugee flows affect the dynamics of conflicts around the world. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Death by Government R. J. Rummel, 1997-01-01 This is R. J. Rummel's fourth book in a series devoted to genocide and government mass murder, or what he calls democide. He presents the primary results, in tables and figures, as well as a historical sketch of the major cases of democide, those in which one million or more people were killed by a regime. In Death by Government, Rummel does not aim to describe democide itself, but to determine its nature and scope in order to test the theory that democracies are inherently nonviolent. Rummel discusses genocide in China, Nazi Germany, Japan, Cambodia, Turkey, Yugoslavia, Poland, the Soviet Union, and Pakistan. He also writes about areas of suspected genocide: North Korea, Mexico, and feudal Russia. His results clearly and decisively show that democracies commit less democide than other regimes. The underlying principle is that the less freedom people have, the greater the violence; the more freedom, the less the violence. Thus, as Rummel says, âThe problem is power. The solution is democracy. The course of action is to foster freedom.â Death by Government is a compelling look at the horrors that occur in modern societies. It depicts how democide has been very much a part of human history. Among other examples, the book includes the massacre of Europeans during the Thirty Years' War, the relatively unknown genocide of the French Revolution, and the slaughtering of American Indians by colonists in the New World. This riveting account is an essential tool for historians, political scientists, and scholars interested in the study of genocide. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Unnatural Deaths in the USSR, 1928-1954 Iosif G. Dyadkin, 1983-01-01 This astonishing and sobering account of government- and war-induced civilian deaths in the Soviet Union calculates that Soviet loss of life between 1928 and 1954 was far higher than Western experts have ever believed. Applying mathematical techniques to Soviet demographic statistics, Dyadkin shows that Stalinist repression and World War II must have taken the lives of between 43 and 52 million Soviet citizens. In the first period, 1929-36, one of collectivization, Stalin controlled and eliminated classes; during the Great Purge of 1937-38, millions of Communist party members and bureaucrats were executed, and then the purge extended into the Red Army. Dyadkin shows that World War II took close to 30 million lives and that during 1950-53 another 450,000 died in prison camps. |
| death by government by r j rummel: East Asia's Other Miracle Alex J. Bellamy, 2017 Mass atrocities were once a common occurrence in East Asia. Yet, over the past three decades, mass atrocities have declined in East Asia to the point of near elimination. This book explains how and why. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Pioneers of Genocide Studies Samuel Totten, Steven Leonard Jacobs, 2013-01-01 From the early efforts that emerged in the struggle against Nazism, and over the past half century, the field of genocide studies has grown in reach to include five genocide centers across the globe and well over one hundred Holocaust centers. This work enables a new generation of scholars, researchers, and policymakers to assess the major foci of the field, develop ways and means to intervene and prevent future genocides, and review the successes and failures of the past. The contributors to Pioneers of Genocide Studies approach the questions of greatest relevance in a personal way, crafting a statement that reveals one's individual voice, persuasions, literary style, scholarly perspectives, and relevant details of one's life. The book epitomizes scholarly autobiographical writing at its best. The book also includes the most important works by each author on the issue of genocide. Among the contributors are experts in the Armenian, Bosnian, and Cambodian genocides, as well as the Holocaust against the Jewish people. The contributors are Rouben Adalian, M. Cherif Bassiouni, Israel W. Charney, Vahakn Dadrian, Helen Fein, Barbara Harff, David Hawk, Herbert Hirsch, Irving Louis Horowitz, Richard Hovannisian, Henry Huttenbach, Leo Kuper, Raphael Lemkin, James E. Mace, Eric Markusen, Robert Melson, R.J. Rummel, Roger W. Smith, Gregory H. Stanton, Ervin Staub, Colin Tatz, Yves Ternan, and the co-editors. The work represents a high watermark in the reflections and self-reflections on the comparative study of genocide. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Human Sacrifice Nigel Davies, 1981 |
| death by government by r j rummel: Atrocitology Matthew White, 2011-10-31 Which wars killed the most people? Was the twentieth century the most violent in history? Are religions, tyrants or ideologies responsible for the greatest bloodshed? In this remarkable and original book, 'atrocitologist' Matthew White assesses man's inhumanity to man over several thousand years. From the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage to the cataclysmic events of World War II, Atrocitology spans centuries and civilisations as it measures the hundred most violent episodes in history. Relying on statistical analysis rather than grand theories, White offers three big lessons: chaos is more deadly than tyranny, the world is much more disorganised than we realise, and more civilians than soldiers are killed in wars—in fact, the army is usually the safest place to be during wartime. Our understanding of history's worst atrocities is patchy and skewed. This book sets the record straight, charting those events with the largest man-made death tolls without fear or favour. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Genocide Never Again R. J. Rummel, 2005 Two lovers sent back to 1906 to prevent war and democide discover the Young Turk rulers of Turkey exterminating all Armenians. The lovers do battle to stop this genocide, with horrific bloody consequences for their future and that of humanity. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Goli Otok Venko Markovski, 2023-05-12 Goli Otok: The Island of Death, first released in English in 1984, are the series of letters of the Bulgarian poet laureate Venko Markovski (1915-1988) written after his release from the island prison of Goli Otok in the Adriatic Sea. Markovski was sentenced to five-year's hard-labor after publishing an anti-Tito poem and for his pro-Soviet Union leanings. The sometimes heart-wrenching letters describe his imprisonment, the treatment of prisoners, the political situation of the time, and his longing for freedom and family. |
| death by government by r j rummel: When Sorry Isn't Enough Roy L. Brooks, 1999-06-01 Leading scholars, activists, and political leaders on being victim's of the world's worst atrocities How much compensation ought to be paid to a woman who was raped 7,500 times? What would the members of the Commission want for their daughters if their daughters had been raped even once?—Karen Parker, speaking before the U.N. Commission on Human Rights Seemingly every week, a new question arises relative to the current worldwide ferment over human injustices. Why does the U.S. offer $20,000 atonement money to Japanese Americans relocated to concentration camps during World War II, while not even apologizing to African Americans for 250 years of human bondage and another century of institutionalized discrimination? How can the U.S. and Canada best grapple with the genocidal campaigns against Native Americans on which their countries were founded? How should Japan make amends to Korean comfort women sexually enslaved during World War II? Why does South Africa deem it necessary to grant amnesty to whites who tortured and murdered blacks under apartheid? Is Germany's highly praised redress program, which has paid billions of dollars to Jews worldwide, a success, and, as such, an example for others?More generally, is compensation for a historical wrong dangerous blood money that allows a nation to wash its hands forever of its responsibility to those it has injured? A rich collection of essays from leading scholars, pundits, activists, and political leaders the world over, many written expressly for this volume, When Sorry Isn't Enough also includes the voices of the victims of some of the world's worst atrocities, thereby providing a panoramic perspective on an international controversy often marked more by heat than reason. |
| death by government by r j rummel: The Problems of Genocide A. Dirk Moses, 2021-02-04 Historically delineates the problems of genocide as a concept in relation to rival categories of mass violence. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Teaching about Genocide Human Rights Internet, John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Institute for the Study of Genocide, 1992 This guidebook is an outgrowth of a 1991 conference on Teaching about Genocide on the College Level. The book is designed as an introduction to the subject of genocide to encourage more teachers to develop new courses and/or integrate aspects of the history of genocide into the curriculum. The book is divided into two parts. Part 1, Assumptions and Issues, contains the essays: (1) The Uniqueness and Universality of the Holocaust (Michael Berenbaum); (2) Teaching about Genocide in an Age of Genocide (Helen Fein); (3) Presuppositions and Issues about Genocide (Frank Chalk); and (4) Moral Education and Teaching (Mary Johnson). Part 2, Course Syllabi and Assignments, contains materials on selected subject areas, such as anthropology, history, history/sociology, literature, political science, psychology, and sociology. Materials include: Teaching about Genocide (Joyce Freedman-Apsel); (2) Destruction and Survival of Indigenous Societies (Hilda Kuper); (3) Genocide in History (Clive Foss); (4) History of Twentieth Century Genocide (Joyce Freedman-Apsel); (5) Comparative Study of Genocide (Richard Hovannisian); (6) The History and Sociology of Genocide (Frank Chalk; Kurt Jonassohn); (7) Literature of the Holocaust and Genocide (Thomas Klein); (8) Government Repression and Democide (R. J. Rummel); (9) Human Destructiveness and Politics (Roger Smith); (10) The Politics of Genocide (Colin Tatz); (11) Genocide and 'Constructive' Survival (Ron Baker); (12) Kindness and Cruelty: The Psychology of Good and Evil (Ervin Staub); (13)Genocide and Ethnocide (Rhoda Howard); (14) The Comparative Study of Genocide (Leo Kuper); (15) Moral Consciousness and Social Action (Margi Nowak); and (16) Selected List of Comparative Studies on Genocide (Helen Fein). (EH) |
| death by government by r j rummel: The Cost of the World War to Germany and to Austria Hungary Leo Grebler, Wilhelm Winkler, 2012-10-01 Economic And Social History Of The World War Series. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Intimate Enemies Igal Halfin, 2007-04-29 Intimate Enemies is a brilliant study of the transformation of Bolshevik Party ideology, language, and power relations during the crucial period leading up to Stalin's seizure of power. Combining extensive research in recently opened Soviet archives with an insightful rereading of intra-Party struggles, Igal Halfin uncovers this evolution in the language of Bolshevism. This language defined the methods for judging true party loyalty-in what Halfin describes as an examination of the 'hermeneutics of the soul,' and became the basis for prosecuting the Party's enemies, particularly the intimate enemies within the Party itself. Halfin argues that Bolshevism-which claimed sole access to truth and morality-ultimately demonized its enemies, and became in effect a theology that facilitated a monumental power shift. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Genocide Norman M. Naimark, 2017 Genocide occurs in every time period and on every continent. Using the 1948 U.N. definition of genocide as its departure point, this book examines the main episodes in the history of genocide from the beginning of human history to the present. Norman M. Naimark lucidly shows that genocide both changes over time, depending on the character of major historical periods, and remains the same in many of its murderous dynamics. He examines cases of genocide as distinct episodes of mass violence, but also in historical connection with earlier episodes. Unlike much of the literature in genocide studies, Naimark argues that genocide can also involve the elimination of targeted social and political groups, providing an insightful analysis of communist and anti-communist genocide. He pays special attention to settler (sometimes colonial) genocide as a subject of major concern, illuminating how deeply the elimination of indigenous peoples, especially in Africa, South America, and North America, influenced recent historical developments. At the same time, the classic cases of genocide in the twentieth Century - the Armenian Genocide, the Holocaust, Rwanda, and Bosnia -- are discussed, together with recent episodes in Darfur and Congo. |
| death by government by r j rummel: The Incidence of the Terror During the French Revolution Donald Greer, 1935 |
| death by government by r j rummel: The Psychology of Genocide, Massacres, and Extreme Violence Donald G. Dutton, 2007-05-30 Understanding what makes individuals commit atrocities, says Dutton, may help world powers predict and prevent such slaughters in the future.--BOOK JACKET. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Russell Kirk Bradley J. Birzer, 2015-11-09 Emerging from two decades of the Great Depression and the New Deal and facing the rise of radical ideologies abroad, the American Right seemed beaten, broken, and adrift in the early 1950s. Although conservative luminaries such as T. S. Eliot, William F. Buckley Jr., Leo Strauss, and Eric Voegelin all published important works at this time, none of their writings would match the influence of Russell Kirk's 1953 masterpiece The Conservative Mind. This seminal book became the intellectual touchstone for a reinvigorated movement and began a sea change in Americans' attitudes toward traditionalism. In Russell Kirk, Bradley J. Birzer investigates the life and work of the man known as the founder of postwar conservatism in America. Drawing on papers and diaries that have only recently become available to the public, Birzer presents a thorough exploration of Kirk's intellectual roots and development. The first to examine the theorist's prolific writings on literature and culture, this magisterial study illuminates Kirk's lasting influence on figures such as T. S. Eliot, William F. Buckley Jr., and Senator Barry Goldwater—who persuaded a reluctant Kirk to participate in his campaign for the presidency in 1964. While several books examine the evolution of postwar conservatism and libertarianism, surprisingly few works explore Kirk's life and thought in detail. This engaging biography not only offers a fresh and thorough assessment of one of America's most influential thinkers but also reasserts his humane vision in an increasingly inhumane time. |
| death by government by r j rummel: The Dark Side of Democracy Michael Mann, 2005 Publisher Description |
| death by government by r j rummel: Red Holocaust Steven Rosefielde, 2009-12-16 Twentieth and twenty-first century communism is a failed experiment in social engineering that needlessly killed approximately 60 million people and perhaps tens of millions more. These high crimes against humanity constitute a Red Holocaust that exceeds the combined carnage of the French Reign of Terror, Ha Shoah, Showa Japan's Asian holocaust, and all combat deaths in World War I and II. This fascinating book investigates high crimes against humanity in the Soviet Union, eastern and central Europe, North Korea, China, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia 1929-2009, and compares the results with Ha Shoah and the Japanese Asian Holocaust. As in other studies, blame is ascribed to political, ideological and personal causes, but special emphasis is given to internal contradictions in Marx's utopian model as well as Stalinist and post-Stalinist transition systems concocted to realize communist ends. This faulty economic engineering forms a bridge to the larger issue of communism's historical failure. The book includes: - a comprehensive study of the transcommunist holocaust - a judicial assessment of holocaust culpability and special pleadings - an obituary for Stalinism everywhere except North Korea, and a death watch for contemporary communism in China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, North Korea, Cuba and Nepal - a comparative assessment of totalitarian high crimes against humanity - a call for memory as a defense against recurrent economic, racial and ethnic holocausts The book will be useful to undergraduate and higher level students interested in Russian history, Stalism, communism, North and South Korean economic performance and international affairs. Steven Rosefielde is a Professor of Economics at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and a member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. |
| death by government by r j rummel: The War Complex Marianna Torgovnick, 2008-11-15 The recent dedication of the World War II memorial and the sixtieth-anniversary commemoration of D-Day remind us of the hold that World War II still has over America's sense of itself. But the selective process of memory has radically shaped our picture of the conflict. Why else, for instance, was a 1995 Smithsonian exhibition on Hiroshima that was to include photographs of the first atomic bomb victims, along with their testimonials, considered so controversial? And why do we so readily remember the civilian bombings of Britain but not those of Dresden, Hamburg, and Tokyo? Marianna Torgovnick argues that we have lived, since the end of World War II, under the power of a war complex—a set of repressed ideas and impulses that stems from our unresolved attitudes toward the technological acceleration of mass death. This complex has led to gaps and hesitations in public discourse about atrocities committed during the war itself. And it remains an enduring wartime consciousness, one most recently animated on September 11. Showing how different events from World War II became prominent in American cultural memory while others went forgotten or remain hidden in plain sight, The War Complex moves deftly from war films and historical works to television specials and popular magazines to define the image and influence of World War II in our time. Torgovnick also explores the 1961 trial of Adolf Eichmann, the emotional legacy of the Holocaust, and the treatment of World War II's missing history by writers such as W. G. Sebald to reveal the unease we feel at our dependence on those who hold the power of total war. Thinking anew, then, about how we account for war to each other and ourselves, Torgovnick ultimately, and movingly, shows how these anxieties and fears have prepared us to think about September 11 and our current war in Iraq. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Final Solutions Benjamin A. Valentino, 2013-01-19 Benjamin A. Valentino finds that ethnic hatreds or discrimination, undemocratic systems of government, and dysfunctions in society play a much smaller role in mass killing and genocide than is commonly assumed. He shows that the impetus for mass killing usually originates from a relatively small group of powerful leaders and is often carried out without the active support of broader society. Mass killing, in his view, is a brutal political or military strategy designed to accomplish leaders' most important objectives, counter threats to their power, and solve their most difficult problems. In order to capture the full scope of mass killing during the twentieth century, Valentino does not limit his analysis to violence directed against ethnic groups, or to the attempt to destroy victim groups as such, as do most previous studies of genocide. Rather, he defines mass killing broadly as the intentional killing of a massive number of noncombatants, using the criteria of 50,000 or more deaths within five years as a quantitative standard. Final Solutions focuses on three types of mass killing: communist mass killings like the ones carried out in the Soviet Union, China, and Cambodia; ethnic genocides as in Armenia, Nazi Germany, and Rwanda; and counter-guerrilla campaigns including the brutal civil war in Guatemala and the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Valentino closes the book by arguing that attempts to prevent mass killing should focus on disarming and removing from power the leaders and small groups responsible for instigating and organizing the killing. |
| death by government by r j rummel: A Cambodian Odyssey Haing Ngor, Roger Warner, 1989 Haing Ngor's memoir of life under the communist Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia. |
| death by government by r j rummel: Reconstructing Atrocity Prevention Sheri P. Rosenberg, Tibi Galis, Alex Zucker, 2016 This proposes a new framework for atrocity prevention, featuring scholars from around the globe including three former UN special advisers. |
DEATH BY GOVERNMENT - agathonlibrary.com
DEATH BY GOVERNMENT R.J. Rummel With a foreword by Irving Louis Horowitz Transaction • Publishers New Brunswick (U.S.A.) and London (U.K.)
Death By Government By R J Rummel - netsec.csuci.edu
Death By Government By R J Rummel death by government by r j rummel: Death by Government R. J. Rummel, 2011-12-31 This is R. J. Rummel's fourth book in a series devoted to genocide …
DEATH BY GOVERNMENT - api.pageplace.de
DEATH BY GOVERNMENT. R. J. Rummel. This is R. J. Rummel’s fourth book in a series devoted to genocide and government mass murder, or what he calls democide. He presents …
Death Government R J Rummel Copy
Death Government R J Rummel: Lethal Politics R. J. Rummel,2017-07-05 While there are estimates of the number of people killed by Soviet authorities during particular episodes or …
Democracy, Power, Genocide, and Mass Murder - JSTOR
R. J. RUMMEL. University of Hawaii at Manoa. From 1900 to 1987, state, quasi-state, and stateless groups have killed in democide (genocide, massacres, extrajudicial executions, and …
ELIMINATING DEMOCIDE AND WAR THROUGH AN ALLIANCE OF …
books are Death By Government (1994), The Miracle That Is Freedom (1996), Power Kills (1997), and Statistics ofDemocide (1997). This article, by one of the world's foremost scholars on the …
Democracy, Power, Genocide, and Mass Murder - University of Utah
R. J. RUMMEL. University of Hawaii at Manoa. From 1900 to 1987, state, quasi-state, and stateless groups have killed in democide (genocide, massacres, extrajudicial executions, and …
R. J. Rummel - JSTOR
In Death By Government (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1994), I wrote case studies of each of fourteen cases in which a regime murdered at least one million people.
The Comparative Analysis of Mass Atrocities and Genocide
Rummel, in his analysis of Cambodia, cate-gorizes deaths from 1967 to 1987 as caused by war and rebellion (514,000), famine and disease (280,000) and democide (3,186,000). Given that …
R. J. Rummel - University of Hawaii System
Relevant books by R.J. Rummel: Understanding Conflict and War (five volumes) Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1917 China’s Bloody Century: Genocide and Mass …
Death By Government By R J Rummel - kyomei.breedbase.org
In Death by Government, Rummel does not aim to describe democide itself, but to determine its nature and scope in order to test the theory that democracies are inherently nonviolent. …
Political Populism in the Twenty-First Century
R. J. Rummel called those deaths “democide” or “death by government”— the intentional killing of an unarmed or disarmed persons by government agents acting in authoritative capacity and …
Nils Petter Gleditsch Editor R.J. Rummel: An Assessment of
His work largely wears well. Death by Government detailed the human horrors of absolute states. He deserves credit for finding elements of what became known as the Democratic Peace, and …
Death By Government By R J Rummel Jens Meierhenrich [PDF] web ...
18 Aug 2020 · The Blue Book of Freedom R. J. Rummel,2007-09 In The Blue Book of Freedom, R. J. Rummel asserts that democracy is the solution to the scourges that face the world. A …
Rudolph J. Rummel: Understanding Conflict and War. Vols. 1-5
Rudolph J. Rummel: Understanding Conflict and War Vols. 1 - 5 HAKAN WIBERG University of Lund The Dimensionality of Nations project, oper-ated by Rudolph J. Rummel at the Univer-sity …
Chapter 7 Rummel sUnfinished Legacy: Reconciling Peace
murder or ‘death by government’ (Rummel, 1994). In his view: ‘Freedom inhibits violence’ (Rummel, 1979: 292). Whereas many or most adherents of the democratic peace theory may …
Philosophy, Religion, and the Prerequisite for Genocide in . “It is an ...
“Genocide is horrible, an abomination of our species,” says R. J. Rummel in Death by Government. “It is an obscenity—the evil of our time that all good people must work to …
Power, Genocide and Mass Murder - JSTOR
Cambodia required a long chapter in Death by Government (Rummel, 1994) and the presentation of the associated material given in the associated statistical volume (Rummel, 1995) ran to 845 …
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
These frustrations are perhaps what led R.J. Rummel, an early contributor to the field of genocide studies and author of . Death by Government, to pen a series of novels that imagine time …
Language and Violence During the Chinese Cultural Revolution
I. Explanations of the Violence of the Cultural Revolution. No one knows how many people died as a result of the Revolution. J.K. Fairbank puts the number at about Thurston cites estimates …
DEATH BY GOVERNMENT - agathonlibrary.com
DEATH BY GOVERNMENT R.J. Rummel With a foreword by Irving Louis Horowitz Transaction • Publishers New Brunswick (U.S.A.) and London (U.K.)
Death By Government By R J Rummel - netsec.csuci.edu
Death By Government By R J Rummel death by government by r j rummel: Death by Government R. J. Rummel, 2011-12-31 This is R. J. Rummel's fourth book in a series devoted to genocide …
DEATH BY GOVERNMENT - api.pageplace.de
DEATH BY GOVERNMENT. R. J. Rummel. This is R. J. Rummel’s fourth book in a series devoted to genocide and government mass murder, or what he calls democide. He presents …
Death Government R J Rummel Copy
Death Government R J Rummel: Lethal Politics R. J. Rummel,2017-07-05 While there are estimates of the number of people killed by Soviet authorities during particular episodes or …
Democracy, Power, Genocide, and Mass Murder - JSTOR
R. J. RUMMEL. University of Hawaii at Manoa. From 1900 to 1987, state, quasi-state, and stateless groups have killed in democide (genocide, massacres, extrajudicial executions, and …
ELIMINATING DEMOCIDE AND WAR THROUGH AN ALLIANCE …
books are Death By Government (1994), The Miracle That Is Freedom (1996), Power Kills (1997), and Statistics ofDemocide (1997). This article, by one of the world's foremost scholars on the …
Democracy, Power, Genocide, and Mass Murder - University of Utah
R. J. RUMMEL. University of Hawaii at Manoa. From 1900 to 1987, state, quasi-state, and stateless groups have killed in democide (genocide, massacres, extrajudicial executions, and …
R. J. Rummel - JSTOR
In Death By Government (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1994), I wrote case studies of each of fourteen cases in which a regime murdered at least one million people.
The Comparative Analysis of Mass Atrocities and Genocide
Rummel, in his analysis of Cambodia, cate-gorizes deaths from 1967 to 1987 as caused by war and rebellion (514,000), famine and disease (280,000) and democide (3,186,000). Given that …
R. J. Rummel - University of Hawaii System
Relevant books by R.J. Rummel: Understanding Conflict and War (five volumes) Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1917 China’s Bloody Century: Genocide and Mass …
Death By Government By R J Rummel - kyomei.breedbase.org
In Death by Government, Rummel does not aim to describe democide itself, but to determine its nature and scope in order to test the theory that democracies are inherently nonviolent. …
Political Populism in the Twenty-First Century
R. J. Rummel called those deaths “democide” or “death by government”— the intentional killing of an unarmed or disarmed persons by government agents acting in authoritative capacity and …
Nils Petter Gleditsch Editor R.J. Rummel: An Assessment of
His work largely wears well. Death by Government detailed the human horrors of absolute states. He deserves credit for finding elements of what became known as the Democratic Peace, …
Death By Government By R J Rummel Jens Meierhenrich [PDF] …
18 Aug 2020 · The Blue Book of Freedom R. J. Rummel,2007-09 In The Blue Book of Freedom, R. J. Rummel asserts that democracy is the solution to the scourges that face the world. A …
Rudolph J. Rummel: Understanding Conflict and War. Vols. 1-5
Rudolph J. Rummel: Understanding Conflict and War Vols. 1 - 5 HAKAN WIBERG University of Lund The Dimensionality of Nations project, oper-ated by Rudolph J. Rummel at the Univer …
Chapter 7 Rummel sUnfinished Legacy: Reconciling Peace
murder or ‘death by government’ (Rummel, 1994). In his view: ‘Freedom inhibits violence’ (Rummel, 1979: 292). Whereas many or most adherents of the democratic peace theory may …
Philosophy, Religion, and the Prerequisite for Genocide in . “It is an ...
“Genocide is horrible, an abomination of our species,” says R. J. Rummel in Death by Government. “It is an obscenity—the evil of our time that all good people must work to …
Power, Genocide and Mass Murder - JSTOR
Cambodia required a long chapter in Death by Government (Rummel, 1994) and the presentation of the associated material given in the associated statistical volume (Rummel, 1995) ran to …
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
These frustrations are perhaps what led R.J. Rummel, an early contributor to the field of genocide studies and author of . Death by Government, to pen a series of novels that imagine time …
Language and Violence During the Chinese Cultural Revolution
I. Explanations of the Violence of the Cultural Revolution. No one knows how many people died as a result of the Revolution. J.K. Fairbank puts the number at about Thurston cites estimates …
