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| decision making in foreign policy: Understanding Foreign Policy Decision Making Alex Mintz, Karl DeRouen Jr, 2010-02-22 Understanding Foreign Policy Decision Making presents a psychological approach to foreign policy decision making. This approach focuses on the decision process, dynamics, and outcome. The book includes a wealth of extended real-world case studies and examples that are woven into the text. The cases and examples, which are written in an accessible style, include decisions made by leaders of the United States, Israel, New Zealand, Cuba, Iceland, United Kingdom, and others. In addition to coverage of the rational model of decision making, levels of analysis of foreign policy decision making, and types of decisions, the book includes extensive material on alternatives to the rational choice model, the marketing and framing of decisions, cognitive biases, and domestic, cultural, and international influences on decision making in international affairs. Existing textbooks do not present such an approach to foreign policy decision making, international relations, American foreign policy, and comparative foreign policy. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Foreign Policy Decision-Making (Revisited) R. Snyder, H. Bruck, B. Sapin, Valerie Hudson, 2003-01-03 This classic work has helped shape the field of international relations and especially influenced scholars interested in how foreign policy is made. At a time when conventional wisdom and traditional approaches are being questioned, and when there is increased interest in the importance of process, the insights of Snyder, Bruck and Sapin have continuing and increased relevance. Prescient in its focus on the effects on foreign policy of individuals and their preconceptions, organizations and their procedures, and cultures and their values, Foreign Policy Decision-Making is of continued relevance for anyone seeking to understand the ways foreign policy is made. Their seminal framework is here complemented by two new chapters examining its influence on generations of scholars, the current state of the field, and areas for future research. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Decision-Making in American Foreign Policy Nikolas K. Gvosdev, Jessica D. Blankshain, David A. Cooper, 2019-01-24 This foreign policy analysis textbook is written especially for students studying to become national security professionals. It translates academic knowledge about the complex influences on American foreign policymaking into an intuitive, cohesive, and practical set of analytic tools. The focus here is not theory for the sake of theory, but rather to translate theory into practice. Classic paradigms are adapted to fit the changing realities of the contemporary national security environment. For example, the growing centrality of the White House is seen in the 'palace politics' of the president's inner circle, and the growth of the national security apparatus introduces new dimensions to organizational processes and subordinate levels of bureaucratic politics. Real-world case studies are used throughout to allow students to apply theory. These comprise recent events that draw impartially across partisan lines and encompass a variety of diplomatic, military, and economic and trade issues. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Foreign Policy Decision Making Richard Carlton Snyder, Henry W Bruck, Burton M Sapin, 2012-05-01 Additional Contributors Are Herbert McClosky And Richard A. Brody. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Negotiation and Foreign Policy Decision Making Melania-Gabriela Ciot, 2014-06-02 Foreign policy decisions are influenced by many factors. The real world is complex and many variables have to be considered when making a decision. A psychological approach to decision-making facilitates the understanding and explaining of the complexity of foreign and global policies precisely because of the prolonged transitional stage of the contemporary international system. The course of world politics is shaped by the decisions of leaders. Uncertainty involved in decision-making in foreign policy can relate to the motivations, beliefs, intentions or calculations of the opponents. If it is not possible to understand how decisions are made, then maybe it is at least feasible to understand these decisions and, perhaps more importantly, predict various results with regards to international politics. This book provides a new perspective on the study of international relations by analyzing the subjective elements (idiosyncrasies) that occur in decision-making at the individual level. The use of psychological methods of analysing the foreign policy decision-making process proposes a necessary investigation path into international relations. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Risk and Presidential Decision-making Luca Trenta, 2016-05-20 This book aims at gauging whether the nature of US foreign policy decision-making has changed after the Cold War as radically as a large body of literature seems to suggest, and develops a new framework to interpret presidential decision-making in foreign policy. It locates the study of risk in US foreign policy in a wider intellectual landscape that draws on contemporary debates in historiography, international relations and Presidential studies. Based on developments in the health and environment literature, the book identifies the President as the ultimate risk-manager, demonstrating how a President is called to perform a delicate balancing act between risks on the domestic/political side and risks on the strategic/international side. Every decision represents a ‘risk vs. risk trade-off,’ in which the management of one ‘target risk’ leads to the development ‘countervailing risks.’ The book applies this framework to the study three major crises in US foreign policy: the Cuban Missile Crisis, the seizure of the US Embassy in Tehran in 1979, and the massacre at Srebrenica in 1995. Each case-study results from substantial archival research and over twenty interviews with policymakers and academics, including former President Jimmy Carter and former Senator Bob Dole. This book is ideal for postgraduate researchers and academics in US foreign policy, foreign policy decision-making and the US Presidency as well as Departments and Institutes dealing with the study of risk in the social sciences. The case studies will also be of great use to undergraduate students. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Problem Representation in Foreign Policy Decision-Making Donald A. Sylvan, James F. Voss, 1998-09-13 This volume explains the representation of a problem as well as the choice among specified options for its solution. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Foreign Policy Decision Making Martha Cottam, 2019-04-15 An analysis of decision making and negotiation in international relations, this book offers a political-psychological model of the images that compose policymakers' world views. Dr. Cottam explores the limits these images impose on diplomatic adaptation to changes in the foreign policies of other states. She evaluates established models of politica |
| decision making in foreign policy: Making Foreign Policy David Mitchell, 2019-05-23 Originally published in 2005. David Mitchell provides a better understanding of the role presidents play in the decision-making process in terms of their influence on two key steps in the process: deliberation and outcome of policy making. The events that have taken place in relation to the Bush administration's decisions to fight the war on terrorism and invade Iraq highlight how important it is to understand the president's role in formulating policy. This influential study presents an advisory system theory of decision-making to examine cases of presidential policy formulation drawn from the Nixon, Carter, Reagan, Clinton and Bush administrations. Easily accessible to scholars, graduates and advanced undergraduates interested in US foreign policy or foreign policy analysis, presidential studies, and bureaucracy and public administrations scholars, and to practitioners and those with a general interest in International Relations. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Explaining Foreign Policy Steve A. Yetiv, 2004-03-22 Scholars of international relations tend to prefer one model or another in explaining the foreign policy behavior of governments. Steve Yetiv, however, advocates an approach that applies five familiar models: rational actor, cognitive, domestic politics, groupthink, and bureaucratic politics. Drawing on the widest set of primary sources and interviews with key actors to date, he applies each of these models to the 1990-91 Persian Gulf crisis and to the U.S. decision to go to war with Iraq in 2003. Probing the strengths and shortcomings of each model in explaining how and why the United States decided to proceed with the Persian Gulf War, he shows that all models (with the exception of the government politics model) contribute in some way to our understanding of the event. No one model provides the best explanation, but when all five are used, a fuller and more complete understanding emerges. In the case of the Gulf War, Yetiv demonstrates the limits of models that presume rational decision-making as well as the crucial importance of using various perspectives. Drawing partly on the Gulf War case, he also develops innovative theories about when groupthink can actually produce a positive outcome and about the conditions under which government politics will likely be avoided. He shows that the best explanations for government behavior ultimately integrate empirical insights yielded from both international and domestic theory, which scholars have often seen as analytically separate. With its use of the Persian Gulf crisis as a teachable case study and coverage of the more recent Iraq war, Explaining Foreign Policy will be of interest to students and scholars of foreign policy, international relations, and related fields. |
| decision making in foreign policy: The Psychology of Foreign Policy Christer Pursiainen, Tuomas Forsberg, 2021-10-16 This book focuses on foreign policy decision-making from the viewpoint of psychology. Psychology is always present in human decision-making, constituted by its structural determinants but also playing its own agency-level constitutive and causal roles, and therefore it should be taken into account in any analysis of foreign policy decisions. The book analyses a wide variety of prominent psychological approaches, such as bounded rationality, prospect theory, belief systems, cognitive biases, emotions, personality theories and trust to the study of foreign policy, identifying their achievements and added value as well as their limitations from a comparative perspective. Understanding how leaders in world politics act requires us to consider recent advances in neuroscience, psychology and behavioral economics. As a whole, the book aims at better integrating various psychological theories into the study of international relations and foreign policy analysis, as partial explanations themselves but also as facets of more comprehensive theories. It also discusses practical lessons that the psychological approaches offer since ignoring psychology can be costly: decision-makers need to be able reflect on their own decision-making process as well as the perspectives of the others. Paying attention to the psychological factors in international relations is necessary for better understanding the microfoundations upon which such agency is based. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Groupthink Versus High-Quality Decision Making in International Relations Mark Schafer, Scott Crichlow, 2010-04-22 Are good and bad outcomes significantly affected by the decision-making process itself? Indeed they are, in that certain decision-making techniques and practices limit the ability of policymakers to achieve their goals and advance the national interest. The success of policy often turns on the quality of the decision-making process. Mark Schafer and Scott Crichlow identify the factors that contribute to good and bad policymaking, such as the personalities of political leaders, the structure of decision-making groups, and the nature of the exchange between participating individuals. Analyzing thirty-nine foreign-policy cases across nine administrations and incorporating both statistical analyses and case studies, including a detailed examination of the decision to invade Iraq in 2003, the authors pinpoint the factors that are likely to lead to successful or failed decision making, and they suggest ways to improve the process. Schafer and Crichlow show how the staffing of key offices and the structure of central decision-making bodies determine the path of an administration even before topics are introduced. Additionally, they link the psychological characteristics of leaders to the quality of their decision processing. There is no greater work available on understanding and improving the dynamics of contemporary decision making. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Foreign Policy Steve Smith, Amelia Hadfield, Timothy Dunne, 2008 This major new textbook introduces students to the dynamic and evolving field of foreign policy. The book opens with a consideration of different theoretical and historical perspectives; it then focuses on a range of actors and the goals they seek to advance; and it ends with a series of case studies involving issues and crises relating to a wide range of different countries Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases is timely given the growing significance of foreign policyin the post-9/11 world. It will be essential reading for all students new to foreign policy.The book is accompanied by an Online Resource Centre.Student resources:TimelineWeb linksFlashcard glossaryInstructor resources:Three case studiesPowerPoint slides |
| decision making in foreign policy: Foreign Policy Analysis M. Breuning, 2007-11-26 This book's introduction to foreign policy analysis focuses on decision makers and decision making. Each chapter is organised around puzzles and questions to which undergraduates can relate. The book emphasizes the importance of individuals in foreign policy decision making, while also placing decision makers within their context. |
| decision making in foreign policy: The Making of Foreign Policy Joseph Frankel, 1973 |
| decision making in foreign policy: The Dynamics Of Foreign-policy Decisionmaking In China Ning Lu, 2018-02-19 Lu Ning, former assistant to a vice-foreign minister of China, draws on archival materials, interviews, and personal experiences, to provide unique insights into the formal and informal structures, processes, mechanisms, and dynamics of--and key players in--foreign-policy decisionmaking in Beijing. Lu Ning sheds light on controversial decisions that were made, such as China's entering the Korean War, selling DF-3 missiles to Saudi Arabia in 1986, and cooperating with the Israeli defense establishment.Lu Ning divulges the inner workings of Beijing's foreign ministry, introduces new Chinese language sources, and presents a series of case studies that challenge existing Western theoretical analysis of Chinese policymaking. Based on his examination of the past forty years, Lu Ning makes predictions about likely changes in Beijing's leadership and in its foreign-policy decisionmaking process. This accessibly written, incisive book will be invaluable to anyone interested in Sinology, Chinese foreign policy, comparative foreign policy, and contemporary international relations of East Asia.This second edition contains a fully revised Introduction, and it has been updated through President Clinton's recent visit to China. The new edition also contains new material on the Clinton Administration's varying policy positions toward China. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Bureaucratic Politics and Foreign Policy Morton H. Halperin, Priscilla Clapp, 2007-02-01 The first edition of Bureaucratic Politics and Foreign Policy is one of the most successful Brookings titles of all time. This thoroughly revised version updates that classic analysis of the role played by the federal bureaucracy—civilian career officials, political appointees, and military officers—and Congress in formulating U.S. national security policy, illustrating how policy decisions are actually made. Government agencies, departments, and individuals all have certain interests to preserve and promote. Those priorities, and the conflicts they sometimes spark, heavily influence the formulation and implementation of foreign policy. A decision that looks like an orchestrated attempt to influence another country may in fact represent a shaky compromise between rival elements within the U.S. government. The authors provide numerous examples of bureaucratic maneuvering and reveal how they have influenced our international relations. The revised edition includes new examples of bureaucratic politics from the past three decades, from Jimmy Carter's view of the State Department to conflicts between George W. Bush and the bureaucracy regarding Iraq. The second edition also includes a new analysis of Congress's role in the politics of foreign policymaking. |
| decision making in foreign policy: The Decision Point David Patrick Houghton, 2013 Filling a gap in the U.S. foreign policy textbook market, this innovative introduction shows students how real American foreign policy makers make real decisions. Drawing on and summarizing a vast amount of literature, author David Patrick Houghton introduces students to three basic theories of decision-making. He then applies each of these perspectives to six well-known historical cases that range from classic to contemporary: the Bay of Pigs, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Vietnam War, the Iran Hostage Crisis, the Kosovo War, and the Iraq War. Houghton uses the crucial decision points of these events to give students a sense of what it is actually like to make high-level decisions. He also shows how the theories discussed in the book can be applied to these case studies. Featuring a direct, accessible writing style, coverage of recent advances in the field--including new psychological models like prospect theory and poliheuristic theory--and an affordable price, The Decision Point: Six Cases in U.S. Foreign Policy Decision Making serves as a perfect text or supplement for courses in U.S. Foreign Policy and Foreign Policy Decision-Making. |
| decision making in foreign policy: When Things Go Wrong Charles F. Hermann, 2012-03-12 The question of how to deal with adverse feedback to high-stakes foreign policy speaks to a number of important, current scenarios in international relations. The esteemed contributors to this book offer explanations and illustrative case studies of critical choice points in foreign and national security policy. Competing theories from several of disciplines, primarily psychology, political science, and management, offer insights into a subject that has been very little studied in foreign policy, yet is as current as today’s headlines. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Emotions in International Politics Yohan Ariffin, Jean-Marc Coicaud, Vesselin Popovski, 2016-01-11 This book investigates collective emotions in international politics, with examples from 9/11 and World War II to the Rwandan genocide. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Foreign Policy Begins at Home Richard N Haass, 2014-04-08 A concise, comprehensive guide to America's critical policy choices at home and overseas . . . without a partisan agenda, but with a passion for solutions designed to restore our country's strength and enable us to lead. -- Madeleine K. Albright A rising China, climate change, terrorism, a nuclear Iran, a turbulent Middle East, and a reckless North Korea all present serious challenges to America's national security. But it depends even more on the United States addressing its burgeoning deficit and debt, crumbling infrastructure, second class schools, and outdated immigration system. While there is currently no great rival power threatening America directly, how long this strategic respite lasts, according to Council on Foreign Relations President Richard N. Haass, will depend largely on whether the United States puts its own house in order. Haass lays out a compelling vision for restoring America's power, influence, and ability to lead the world and advocates for a new foreign policy of Restoration that would require the US to limit its involvement in both wars of choice, and humanitarian interventions. Offering essential insight into our world of continual unrest, this new edition addresses the major foreign and domestic debates since hardcover publication, including US intervention in Syria, the balance between individual privacy and collective security, and the continuing impact of the sequester. |
| decision making in foreign policy: World Politics and the Challenges for International Security Chitadze, Nika, 2022-03-18 World politics as a scientific discipline was established during the second half of the 20th century and has gained rapid distribution in many countries. This field of study focuses attention on current political processes as well as the potential of further development. It is essential to analyze world politics to move progress forward while also strengthening international security and the creation of a safer civilization. World politics cannot be understood without the combined knowledge of history, economics, law, social sciences, and psychology. World Politics and the Challenges for International Security describes the global processes in the field of world politics and international security and discusses global problems, global security, and the threats and challenges that currently affect global society. Covering topics such as digital diplomacy, political corruption, and terrorist psychology, this book is essential for political scientists, researchers, policymakers, global leaders, national security officers, diplomats, professors and students of higher education, and academicians. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Coalition Politics and Cabinet Decision Making Juliet Kaarbo, 2012-04-17 Every day, coalition cabinets make policy decisions critical to international politics. Juliet Kaarbo examines the dynamics of these multiparty cabinets in parliamentary democracies in order to assess both the quality of coalition decision making and the degree to which coalitions tend to favor peaceful or military solutions. Are coalition cabinets so riddled by conflict that they cannot make foreign policy effectively, or do the multiple voices represented in the cabinet create more legitimate and imaginative responses to the international system? Do political and institutional constraints inherent to coalition cabinets lead to nonaggressive policies? Or do institutional and political forces precipitate more belligerent behavior? Employing theory from security studies and political psychology as well as a combination of quantitative cross-national analyses and twelve qualitative comparative case studies of foreign policy made by coalition cabinets in Japan, the Netherlands, and Turkey, Kaarbo identifies the factors that generate highly aggressive policies, inconsistency, and other policy outcomes. Her findings have implications not merely for foreign policy but for all types of decision making and policy-making by coalition governments. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Chinese Strategic Culture and Foreign Policy Decision-Making Huiyun Feng, 2007-06-11 Examining the major academic and policy debates over China’s rise and related policy issues, this book looks into the motivations and intentions of a rising China. Most of the scholarly works on China’s rise approach the question at a structural level by looking at the international system and the systemic impact on China’s foreign policy. Traditional Realist theorists define China as a revisionist power eager to address wrongs done to them in history, whilst some cultural and historical analyses attest that China’s strategic culture has been offensive despite its weak material capability. Huiyun Feng’s path-breaking contribution to the debate tests these rival hypotheses by examining systematically the beliefs of contemporary Chinese leaders and their strategic interactions with other states since 1949 when the communist regime came to power. The focus is on tracing the historical roots of Chinese strategic culture and its links to the decision-making of six key Chinese leaders via their belief systems. Chinese Strategic Culture will be of interest to students of Chinese politics, foreign policy, strategic theory and international relations in general. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Beyond Groupthink Paul 't Hart, Eric Stern, Bengt Sundelius, 1997-04-14 DIVEffects of group dynamics on decision making /div |
| decision making in foreign policy: Foreign Policy Analysis Chris Alden, Amnon Aran, 2013-03 This exciting new book aims to re-invigorate the conversation between foreign policy analysis and international relations. It opens up the discussion, situating existing debates in foreign policy in relation to contemporary concerns in international relations, and provide a concise and accessible account of key areas in foreign policy analysis that are often ignored. Focusing on how the process of foreign policy decision making affects the conduct of states in the international system, and analysing the relationship between policy, agency and actors, the work examines: foreign policy and bureaucracies domestic sources of foreign policy foreign policy and the state foreign policy and globalization foreign policy and change. This work builds on and expands the theoretical canvas of foreign policy analysis, shaping its ongoing dialogue with international relations and offering an important introduction to the field. It is essential reading for all students of foreign policy and international relations. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Foreign Policy Under Carter Alexander Moens, 2021-11-28 Originally published in 1990, this volume looks at the Carter administration and the policy decisions his national security advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, Secretary of State Cyrus Vance and the Secretary of Defense Harold Brown during the presidency. Referring to case studies of Carter administration decision making which in the author's view demonstrate Brzezinski's transformation from brokerage to an advocate role- SALT II in early 1977, Ogaden War in 1977-78, the normalisation of US relations with China (1978) and the fall of the Shah of Iran in 1978-79. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Presidents and Foreign Policy Edward R. Drachman, Alan Shank, 1997-01-01 Examines ten important and controversial U.S. presidential foreign policy decisions in the post-World War II period, including one major controversy for each president from Truman to Clinton. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Character and Consequence Robert A. Strong, 2019-12-11 Character and Consequence by Robert A. Strong, looks at important foreign policy decisions of George H. W. Bush through the lens of character and asks how personal traits like loyalty, compassion, reticence and audacity had an impact on American foreign policy at a pivotal point in world history. Combining biographical observations with in-depth case studies of complicated international events, the book explores foreign policy decision-making and presidential personality for a broad audience. It is recommended to those curious about a critical era in U.S. diplomatic history, and to students of American politics and international relations who want to understand America’s forty-first president and his decisions and actions at the end of the Cold War. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Decisionmaking on War and Peace Nehemia Geva, Alex Mintz, 1997 Reviewing, comparing, and contrasting models of foreign policy, this volume focuses on the cognitive vs rational debate about decisionmaking on war and peace. It provides alternative models of foreign policy choice and identifies when one strategy is more appropriate than another. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Making American Foreign Policy Ole Holsti, 2013-02-01 Ole Holsti, one of the deans of US foreign policy analysis, examines the complex factors involved in the policy decision-making process including the beliefs and cognitive processes of foreign policy leaders and the influence public opinion has on foreign policy. The essays, in addition to being both theoretically and empirically rich, are historical in breadth--with essays on Vietnam--as well as contemporary in relevance--with essays on public opinion and foreign policy after 9/11. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Good Judgment in Foreign Policy Stanley Allen Renshon, Deborah Welch Larson, 2003 At the heart of political leadership lies choice. And at the heart of choice lies judgment. A leader's psychology and experience intersect with political realities to produce consequences that can make or break a leader--or a country. Nowhere is judgment more important than in the making of foreign policy. Good judgments can avoid wars, or win them. Poor judgments can start wars or lose them. This book draws together a distinguished group of contributors--psychologists, political scientists, and policymakers--to focus on and understand both good and poor judgment in foreign policy making. Case studies of key leadership decisions combine with theoretical overviews and analyses to offer a highly textured portrait of judgment in action in the all-important foreign policy arena. An up-to-the-minute case on George W. Bush and the war on terrorism applies good judgment theory to contemporary events. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Rethinking Foreign Policy Analysis Stephen G. Walker, Akan Malici, Mark Schafer, 2011-01-26 Rethinking Foreign Policy Analysis presents the definitive treatment to integrate theories of foreign policy analysis and international relations—addressing the agent-centered, micro-political study of decisions by leaders and the structure-oriented macro political study of state interactions in an international system. |
| decision making in foreign policy: America in Afghanistan Sharifullah Dorani, 2019-01-24 Afghanistan has been a theatre of civil and international conflict for much of the twentieth century – stability is essential if there is to be peace in the Greater Middle East. Yet policy-makers in the West often seem to forget the lessons learned from previous administrations, whose interventions have contributed to the instability in the region. Here, Sharifullah Dorani focuses on the process of decision-making, looking at which factors influenced American policy-makers in the build-up to its longest war, the Afghanistan War, and how reactions on the ground in Afghanistan have influenced events since then. America in Afghanistan is a new, full history of US foreign policy toward Afghanistan from Bush's 'War on Terror', to Obama's war of 'Countering Violent Extremism' to Trump's war against 'Radical Islamic Terrorism'. Dorani is fluent in Pashto and Dari and uses unique and unseen Afghan source-work, published here for the first time, to understand the people in Afghanistan itself, and to answer their unanswered questions about 'real' US Afghan goals, the reasons for US failures in Afghanistan, especially its inability to improve governance and stop Pakistan, Iran and Russia from supporting the insurgency in Afghanistan, and the reasons for the bewildering changes in US Afghan policy over the course of 16 and a half years. To that end the author also assesses Presidents Karzai and Ghani's responses to Bush, Obama and Trump's policies in Afghanistan and the region. In addition, the book covers the role Afghanistan's neighbours – Russia, Iran, India, and especially Pakistan – played in America's Afghanistan War. This will be an essential book for those interested in the future of the region, and those who seek to understand its recent past. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Foreign Policy Ernest Petrič, 2013-01-22 Foreign Policy: From Conception to Diplomatic Practice represents an original and important contribution to the study of foreign policy, uniquely framed by the experiences of small and new countries. Ambassador Ernest Petrič artfully brings together academic expertise and years of diplomatic experience to provide a thorough treatment of national and international environments, the foreign policy decision making process and an original analysis of the means of foreign policy and diplomacy. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Overconfidence and Risk Taking in Foreign Policy Decision Making Imran Demir, 2017-03-24 This book introduces a new perspective on risk seeking behaviour, developing a framework based on various cognitive theories, and applying it to the specific case-study of Turkey’s foreign policy toward Syria. The author examines why policy makers commit themselves to polices that they do not have the capacity to deliver, and develops an alternative theoretical model to prospect theory in explaining risk taking behaviour based on the concept of overconfidence. The volume suggests that overconfident individuals exhibit risk seeking behaviour that contradicts the risk averse behaviour of individuals in the domain of gain, as predicted by prospect theory. Using a set of testable hypothesis deduced from the model, it presents an empirical investigation of the causes behind Turkish decision makers’ unprecedented level of risk taking toward the uprising in Syria and the consequences of this policy. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Explaining Foreign Policy Steve A. Yetiv, 2011-03-01 Steve A. Yetiv has developed an interdisciplinary, integrated approach to studying foreign policy decisions, which he applies here to understand better how and why the United States went to war in the Persian Gulf in 1991 and 2003. Yetiv’s innovative method employs the rational actor, cognitive, domestic politics, groupthink, and bureaucratic politics models to explain the foreign policy behavior of governments. Drawing on the widest set of primary sources to date—including a trove of recently declassified documents—and on interviews with key actors, he applies these models to illuminate the decision-making process in the two Gulf Wars and to develop theoretical notions about foreign policy. What Yetiv discovers, in addition to empirical evidence about the Persian Gulf and Iraq wars, is that no one approach provides the best explanation, but when all five are used, a fuller and more complete understanding emerges. Thoroughly updated with a new preface and a chapter on the 2003 Iraq War, Explaining Foreign Policy, already widely used in courses, will continue to be of interest to students and scholars of foreign policy, international relations, and related fields. |
| decision making in foreign policy: The Oxford Handbook of International Relations Christian Reus-Smit, Duncan Snidal, 2010-07-01 The Oxford Handbook of International Relations offers the most authoritative and comprehensive overview to date of the field of international relations. Arguably the most impressive collection of international relations scholars ever brought together within one volume, the Handbook debates the nature of the field itself, critically engages with the major theories, surveys a wide spectrum of methods, addresses the relationship between scholarship and policy making, and examines the field's relation with cognate disciplines. The Handbook takes as its central themes the interaction between empirical and normative inquiry that permeates all theorizing in the field and the way in which contending approaches have shaped one another. In doing so, the Handbook provides an authoritative and critical introduction to the subject and establishes a sense of the field as a dynamic realm of argument and inquiry. The Oxford Handbook of International Relations will be essential reading for all of those interested in the advanced study of global politics and international affairs. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Foreign Policy Decision-making in Nigeria Ufot Bassey Inamete, 2001 This reality was a direct result of the nature of sociopolitical cleavages and forces, and the functioning of the federal system of government during that period. The succeeding Ironsi Governemnt was too brief and preoccupied with domestic crises to make significant impacts in the foreign policy arena.--BOOK JACKET. |
| decision making in foreign policy: Integrating Cognitive and Rational Theories of Foreign Policy Decision Making A. Mintz, 2016-04-30 There are two dominant approaches to political decision making in general and foreign policy decision making in particular: rational choice and cognitive psychology. The essays here introduce and test the poliheuristic theory of decision making that integrates elements of both schools. The poliheuristic theory is able to account for the outcome and the process of decisions, and integrates across levels of analysis (individual, dyad, and group). The collection focuses on both elements of the theory itself and also looks at how the theory can be used to better understand political decisions that were made in the past. |
DECISION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DECISION is the act or process of deciding. How to use decision in a sentence.
DECISION | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
DECISION definition: 1. a choice that you make about something after thinking about several possibilities: 2. the…. Learn more.
DECISION Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
She made a poor decision when she dropped out of school. a judgment, as one formally pronounced by a court: It is the decision of this court that the appeal is granted.
decision noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
Definition of decision noun in Oxford Advanced American Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Decision - definition of decision by The Free Dictionary
1. the act or process of deciding. 2. the act of making up one's mind: a difficult decision. 3. something that is decided; resolution. 4. a judgment, as one pronounced by a court. 5. the …
What does Decision mean? - Definitions.net
What does Decision mean? This dictionary definitions page includes all the possible meanings, example usage and translations of the word Decision. A choice or judgement. Firmness of …
decision - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jun 7, 2025 · (choice or judgment): Most often, to decide something is to make a decision; however, other possibilities exist as well. Many verbs used with destination or conclusion, such …
decision, n. meanings, etymology and more - Oxford English …
What does the noun decision mean? There are ten meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun decision , two of which are labelled obsolete. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and …
Decision - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
To make a decision is to make up your mind about something. To act with decision is to proceed with determination, which might be a natural character trait.
DECISION - Meaning & Translations | Collins English Dictionary
Master the word "DECISION" in English: definitions, translations, synonyms, pronunciations, examples, and grammar insights - all in one complete resource.
DECISION Definition & Meaning - Merria…
The meaning of DECISION is the act or process of deciding. How to use decision in a sentence.
DECISION | English meaning - Cambrid…
DECISION definition: 1. a choice that you make about something after thinking …
DECISION Definition & Meaning | Diction…
She made a poor decision when she dropped out of school. a judgment, as …
decision noun - Definition, pictures, …
Definition of decision noun in Oxford Advanced American Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, …
Decision - definition of decision by The …
1. the act or process of deciding. 2. the act of making up one's mind: a difficult decision. 3. …
