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| child labor british industrial revolution: Childhood and Child Labour in the British Industrial Revolution Jane Humphries, 2010-06-24 This is a unique account of working-class childhood during the British industrial revolution, first published in 2010. Using more than 600 autobiographies written by working men of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Jane Humphries illuminates working-class childhood in contexts untouched by conventional sources and facilitates estimates of age at starting work, social mobility, the extent of apprenticeship and the duration of schooling. The classic era of industrialisation, 1790–1850, apparently saw an upsurge in child labour. While the memoirs implicate mechanisation and the division of labour in this increase, they also show that fatherlessness and large subsets, common in these turbulent, high-mortality and high-fertility times, often cast children as partners and supports for mothers struggling to hold families together. The book offers unprecedented insights into child labour, family life, careers and schooling. Its images of suffering, stoicism and occasional childish pleasures put the humanity back into economic history and the trauma back into the industrial revolution. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Hard At Work In Factories And Mines Carolyn Tuttle, 2021-11-28 Children have worked for centuries and continue to work. The history of the economic development of Europe and North America includes numerous instances of child labor. Manufacturers in England, France, Belgium, Germany, and Prussia as well as the United States used child labor during the initial stages of industrialization. In addition, child labor prevails currently in many industries in the Third World. This book examines the explanations for child labor in an economic context. A model of the labor market for children is constructed using the new economics of the family framework to derive the supply of child labor and the traditional labor theory of marginal productivity to derive the demand for child labor. The model is placed into a historical context and is used to test the existing supply-and-demand-induced explanations for an increase in child labor during the British Industrial Revolution. Evidence on the extent of childrens employment, their specific tasks and trends in their wages from the textile industry and mining industry is used to support the argument that it was technological innovation which created a demand for child labor. Certain mechanical inventions and process innovations increased the demand for child labor in three ways: increasing number of assistants needed; increasing the substitutability between children and adults, and creating work situations that only children could fill. Specific innovations in the production of textiles and in the extraction of coal, copper and tin are highlighted to show how they favored the use of child workers over adult workers. The book concludes with a look at the current situations in developing countries where child labor is prevalent. Considerable insight is gained on the role of child labor in economic development when this historical model is applied to the contemporary situation. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Child Labour in Britain, 1750-1870 Peter Kirby, 2017-04-18 What kinds of jobs did children do in the past, and how widespread was their employment? Why did so many poor families put their children to work? How did the state respond to child labour? What problems arise in the interpretation of evidence of child employment? Child Labour in Britain, 1750-1870 - Offers a broad empirical analysis of how the work of children was integrated with the major economic and occupational changes of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain - Argues that working children occupied a unique position within the context of the family, the labour market and the state - Discusses the key issues involved in the study of children's employment In this clear and concise study, Peter Kirby convincingly argues that child labour provided an invaluable contribution to economic growth and the incomes of working-class households. Consequently, the picture that emerges is much more complex than that portrayed in many traditional approaches to the subject. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Child Workers and Industrial Health in Britain, 1780-1850 Peter Kirby, 2013 A comprehensive study of the occupational health of employed children within the broader context of social, industrial and environmental change between 1780 and 1850. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Child Labor and the Industrial Revolution Clark Nardinelli, 1990 |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Child Labor Hugh D Hindman, 2016-09-16 Despite its decline throughout the advanced industrial nations, child labor remains one of the major social, political, and economic concerns of modern history, as witnessed by the many high-profile stories on child labor and sweatshops in the media today. This work considers the issue in three parts. The first section discusses child labor as a social and economic problem in America from an historical and theoretical perspective. The second part presents child labor as National Child Labor Committee investigators found it in major American industries and occupations, including coal mines, cotton textile mills, and sweatshops in the early 1900s. Finally, the concluding section integrates these findings and attempts to apply them to child labor problems in America and the rest of the world today. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Child Labor and the Industrial Revolution Harriet Isecke, 2009-05-06 In Child Labor and the Industrial Revolution, two sisters work in a linen mill under horrible conditions. Years later, the girls, now women, are about to receive an honor for an interview with the National Child Labor Committee. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Childhood and Child Labour in Industrial England Dr Katrina Honeyman, Professor Nigel Goose, 2013-11-28 The purpose of this collection is to bring together representative examples of the most recent work that is taking an understanding of children and childhood in new directions. The two key overarching themes are diversity: social, economic, geographical, and cultural; and agency: the need to see children in industrial England as participants - even protagonists - in the process of historical change, not simply as passive recipients or victims. Contributors address such crucial subjects as the varied experience of work; poverty and apprenticeship; institutional care; the political voice of children; child sexual abuse; and children and education. This volume, therefore, includes some of the best, innovative work on the history of children and childhood currently being written by both younger and established scholars. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: The Life and Adventures of Michael Armstrong, the Factory Boy Frances Milton Trollope, 1840 |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Boys in the Pits Robert Gordon McIntosh, 2000 Beginning early in the nineteenth century, thousands of Canadian boys, some as young as eight, laboured underground - driving pit ponies along narrow passageways, manipulating ventilation doors, and helping miners cut and load coal at the coalface to produce the energy that fuelled Canada's industrial revolution. Boys died in the mines in explosions and accidents but they also organised strikes for better working conditions but were instead expelled from the mines and lost their jobs.Boys in the Pits shows the rapid maturity of the boys and their role in resisting exploitation. In what will certainly be a controversial interpretation of child labour, Robert McIntosh recasts wage-earning children as more than victims, showing that they were individuals who responded intelligently and resourcefully to their circumstances.Boys in the Pits is particularly timely as, despite the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, accepted by the General assembly in 1989, child labour still occurs throughout the world and continues to generate controversy. McIntosh provides an important new perspective from which to consider these debates, reorienting our approach to child labour, explaining rather than condemning the practice. Within the broader social context of the period, where the place of children was being redefined as - and limited to - the home, school, and playground, he examines the role of changing technologies, alternative sources of unskilled labour, new divisions of labour, changes in the family economy, and legislation to explore the changing extent of child labour in the mines.Robert McIntosh is employed at the National Archives of Canada. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Hard At Work In Factories And Mines Carolyn Tuttle, 2021-11-28 Children have worked for centuries and continue to work. The history of the economic development of Europe and North America includes numerous instances of child labor. Manufacturers in England, France, Belgium, Germany, and Prussia as well as the United States used child labor during the initial stages of industrialization. In addition, child labor prevails currently in many industries in the Third World. This book examines the explanations for child labor in an economic context. A model of the labor market for children is constructed using the new economics of the family framework to derive the supply of child labor and the traditional labor theory of marginal productivity to derive the demand for child labor. The model is placed into a historical context and is used to test the existing supply-and-demand-induced explanations for an increase in child labor during the British Industrial Revolution. Evidence on the extent of childrens employment, their specific tasks and trends in their wages from the textile industry and mining industry is used to support the argument that it was technological innovation which created a demand for child labor. Certain mechanical inventions and process innovations increased the demand for child labor in three ways: increasing number of assistants needed; increasing the substitutability between children and adults, and creating work situations that only children could fill. Specific innovations in the production of textiles and in the extraction of coal, copper and tin are highlighted to show how they favored the use of child workers over adult workers. The book concludes with a look at the current situations in developing countries where child labor is prevalent. Considerable insight is gained on the role of child labor in economic development when this historical model is applied to the contemporary situation. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Liberty's Dawn Emma Griffin, 2013-03-15 “Emma Griffin gives a new and powerful voice to the men and women whose blood and sweat greased the wheels of the Industrial Revolution” (Tim Hitchcock, author of Down and Out in Eighteenth-Century London). This “provocative study” looks at hundreds of autobiographies penned between 1760 and 1900 to offer an intimate firsthand account of how the Industrial Revolution was experienced by the working class (The New Yorker). The era didn’t just bring about misery and poverty. On the contrary, Emma Griffin shows how it raised incomes, improved literacy, and offered exciting opportunities for political action. For many, this was a period of new, and much valued, sexual and cultural freedom. This rich personal account focuses on the social impact of the Industrial Revolution, rather than its economic and political histories. In the tradition of bestselling books by Liza Picard, Judith Flanders, and Jerry White, Griffin gets under the skin of the period and creates a cast of colorful characters, including factory workers, miners, shoemakers, carpenters, servants, and farm laborers. “Through the ‘messy tales’ of more than 350 working-class lives, Emma Griffin arrives at an upbeat interpretation of the Industrial Revolution most of us would hardly recognize. It is quite enthralling.” —The Oldie magazine “A triumph, achieved in fewer than 250 gracefully written pages. They persuasively purvey Griffin’s historical conviction. She is intimate with her audience, wooing it and teasing it along the way.” —The Times Literary Supplement “An admirably intimate and expansive revisionist history.” —Publishers Weekly |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Time and Work in England 1750-1830 Hans-Joachim Voth, 2000 Did working hours in England increase as a result of the Industrial Revolution? Marx said so, and so did E. P. Thompson; but where was the evidence to support this belief? Literary sources are difficult to interpret, wage books are few and hardly representative, and clergymen writing about the sloth of their flock did little to validate their complaints. In this important and innovative study Hans-Joachim Voth for the first time provides rigorously analysed statistical data. He calls more than 2,800 witnesses to the bar of history to answer the question: 'what were you doing at the time of the crime?'. Using these court records, he is able to build six datasets for both rural and urban areas over the period 1750 to 1830 to reconstruct patterns of leisure and labour. Dr Voth is able to show that over this period England did indeed begin to work harder - much harder. By the 1830s, both London and the northern counties of England had experienced a considerable increase- about 20 per cent - in annual working hours. What drove the change was not longer hours per day, but the demise of 'St Monday' and a plethora of religious and political festivals. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: A Memoir of Robert Blincoe John Brown, 2019-03-29 Robert Blincoe (c. 1792-1860) became famous during the 1830s for his popular autobiography detailing the horrific account of his childhood spent as a labourer in English cotton mills. This work, however, is not technically an autobiography as his story was told to journalist John Brown, who wrote the manuscript but died before publishing it. The manuscript was given to a friend who published the resulting book, A Memoir of Robert Blincoe, in five episodes in the magazine The Lion in 1832. Historian John Waller has asserted that Charles Dickens based his character Oliver Twist on Blincoe, but no firm documentary or anecdotal evidence exists that this is true. Still, the publication of Blincoe's memoir had an impact on bringing the horrors of child labour to a wider audience, which in turn led to legislation to limit working hours and improve working conditions for child labourers. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Women Workers in the Industrial Revolution Ivy Pinchbeck, 2013-10-08 First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Child Workers in England, 1780–1820 Katrina Honeyman, 2016-05-23 The use of child workers was widespread in textile manufacturing by the late eighteenth century. A particularly vital supply of child workers was via the parish apprenticeship trade, whereby pauper children could move from the 'care' of poor law officialdom to the 'care' of early industrial textile entrepreneurs. This study is the first to examine in detail both the process and experience of parish factory apprenticeship, and to illuminate the role played by children in early industrial expansion. It challenges prevailing notions of exploitation which permeate historical discussion of the early labour force and questions both the readiness with which parishes 'offloaded' large numbers of their poor children to distant factories, and the harsh discipline assumed to have been universal among early factory masters. Finally the author explores the way in which parish apprentices were used to construct a gendered labour force. Dr Honeyman's book is a major contribution to studies in child labour and to the broader social, economic, and business history of the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Letters on the Factory Act, as it Affects the Cotton Manufacture, Addressed to the Right Honourable the President of the Board of Trade Nassau William Senior, Leonard Horner, 1837 |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Disability in the Industrial Revolution David M. Turner, Daniel Blackie, 2018-04-03 This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. An electronic version of this book is also available under a Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND) license, thanks to the support of the Wellcome Trust. The Industrial Revolution produced injury, illness and disablement on a large scale and nowhere was this more visible than in coalmining. Disability in the Industrial Revolution sheds new light on the human cost of industrialisation by examining the lives and experiences of those disabled in an industry that was vital to Britain’s economic growth. Although it is commonly assumed that industrialisation led to increasing marginalisation of people with impairments from the workforce, disabled mineworkers were expected to return to work wherever possible, and new medical services developed to assist in this endeavour. This book explores the working lives of disabled miners and analyses the medical, welfare and community responses to disablement in the coalfields. It shows how disability affected industrial relations and shaped the class identity of mineworkers. The book will appeal to students and academics interested in disability, occupational health and social history. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Technology in the Industrial Revolution Barbara Hahn, 2020-01-23 Places the British Industrial Revolution in global context, providing a fresh perspective on the relationship between technology and society. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: The Philosophy of Manufactures Andrew Ure, 1835 |
| child labor british industrial revolution: The British Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective Robert C. Allen, 2009-04-09 Why did the industrial revolution take place in 18th century Britain and not elsewhere in Europe or Asia? Robert Allen argues that the British industrial revolution was a successful response to the global economy of the 17th and 18th centuries. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: An Analysis of Childhood and Child Labour in Charles Dickens' Works: David Copperfield and Oliver Twist Selina Schuster, 2014-03-19 The Industrial Revolution was a time of enormous change for the British society. Science and technology developed rapidly and brought wealth and improvement into many sectors of life; inventions like the steam engine, power looms, the spinning jenny or the expansion of the road and rail network made life easier. But on the other hand it was also the time of great misery, exploitation and tremendous class differences between a very thin and very wealthy upper-class, a rising middle-class and a very broad and to a great extent extremely impoverished working-class. But how was it like being a working-class child in Victorian England? To answer this question this work will take a close look at two of the most famous contemporary novels dealing with the depiction of children: Charles Dickens’ ‘David Copperfield’ and ‘Oliver Twist’. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: The Law of Population Michael Thomas Sadler, 1830 |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Child Labour in Historical Perspective Hugh Cunningham, Pier Paolo Viazzo, 1996 |
| child labor british industrial revolution: The Haitian Revolution Toussaint L'Ouverture, 2019-11-12 Toussaint L'Ouverture was the leader of the Haitian Revolution in the late eighteenth century, in which slaves rebelled against their masters and established the first black republic. In this collection of his writings and speeches, former Haitian politician Jean-Bertrand Aristide demonstrates L'Ouverture's profound contribution to the struggle for equality. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: A History of Factory Legislation B. L. Hutchins, Amy Harrison Spencer, 1907 |
| child labor british industrial revolution: The Condition Of The Working-Class In England In 1844 Frederick Engels, 2023-08-01 The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844 by Frederick Engels is a powerful indictment of the Industrial Revolution's detrimental impact on workers. Engels meticulously demonstrates how industrial cities like Manchester and Liverpool experienced alarmingly high mortality rates due to diseases, with workers being four times more likely to succumb to illnesses like smallpox, measles, scarlet fever, and whooping cough compared to their rural counterparts. The overall death rate in these cities far surpassed the national average, painting a grim picture of the workers' plight. Engels goes beyond mortality statistics to shed light on the dire living conditions endured by industrial workers. He argues that their wages were lower than those of pre-industrial workers, and they were forced to inhabit unhealthy and unpleasant environments. Addressing a German audience, Engels' work is considered a classic account of the universal struggles faced by the industrial working class. It reveals his transformation into a radical thinker after witnessing the harsh realities in England. The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844 remains an essential resource for understanding the hardships endured by workers during the Industrial Revolution. Engels' meticulous research and impassioned arguments continue to shape discussions on labor rights, social inequality, and the historical agency of the working class. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Out of Poverty Benjamin Powell, 2014-03-17 This book explores how sweatshops provide the best opportunity to workers and the role they play in the process of development. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Capitalism and the Historians F. A. Hayek, 2013-11-05 A book that will disturb the sleep of a good many scholars Max Eastman F. A. Hayek's Introduction lays the groundwork for this study of the rise of the factory system in Great Britain. It also examines why historians have been so critical of capitalism and the factory system. The subsequent essays discuss why intellectuals have usually been antagonistic to capitalism and what effect these historical misconceptions have had on the world's attitude toward business enterprise. * Papers by distinguished British, American and European economic historians including T. S. Ashton, L. M. Hacker and Bertrand de Jouvenel * Actual case studies of the English factory system and the English factory worker support the theoretical material. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: History of Factory and Mine Hygiene Ludwig Teleky, 1948 Outlines the history of the hygiene of factories and their installations as well as that of the work itself, the health safeguards in dangerous occupations, and of the protection of miners in England, Germany, and the United States. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Why Child Labor Laws? Lucy Manning, 1948 |
| child labor british industrial revolution: The Industrial Revolution Arnold Toynbee, 2013-01-28 The subject of these lectures is the Industrial and Agrarian Revolution at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries. Including chapters on England in 1760, the mercantile system and Adam Smith, the growth of pauperism and the future of the working classes. Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing many of these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: The Cambridge History of Capitalism Larry Neal, Jeffrey G. Williamson, 2014-01-23 The first volume of The Cambridge History of Capitalism provides a comprehensive account of the evolution of capitalism from its earliest beginnings. Starting with its distant origins in ancient Babylon, successive chapters trace progression up to the 'Promised Land' of capitalism in America. Adopting a wide geographical coverage and comparative perspective, the international team of authors discuss the contributions of Greek, Roman, and Asian civilizations to the development of capitalism, as well as the Chinese, Indian and Arab empires. They determine what features of modern capitalism were present at each time and place, and why the various precursors of capitalism did not survive. Looking at the eventual success of medieval Europe and the examples of city-states in northern Italy and the Low Countries, the authors address how British mercantilism led to European imitations and American successes, and ultimately, how capitalism became global. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Labour Migration in England, 1800-1850 Arthur Redford, 1976 |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Children and Industry Marjorie Cruickshank, 1981 |
| child labor british industrial revolution: The Human Rights of Children Antonella Invernizzi, 2016-02-24 This volume provides a series of critical analyses of some of the contemporary debates in relation to the human rights of children, resituating them within visions which informed the text of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989. The studies embrace examination of some of today's widespread interpretations of the CRC, analysis of what is implied by a human rights-based approach in research and advocacy and consideration of advances and barriers to research and to several aspects of CRC implementation. With contributions by leading experts in the field, the book examines the CRC as an international instrument, its inherent dilemmas and some of the debates generated by the challenges of implementation. It embraces examinations of different levels of governance from the international to the state party, regional and local levels, including institutional developments and changes in law, policy and practice. The book will be a valuable resource for students, researchers and policy-makers working in the area of children's rights and welfare. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Nineteenth-Century Britain: A Very Short Introduction Christopher Harvie, Colin Matthew, 2000-08-10 First published as part of the best-selling The Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, Christopher Harvie and Colin Matthew's Very Short Introduction to Nineteenth-Century Britain is a sharp but subtle account of remarkable economic and social change and an even more remarkable political stability. Britain in 1789 was overwhelmingly rural, agrarian, multilingual, and almost half Celtic. By 1914, when it faced its greatest test since the defeat of Napoleon, it was largely urban and English. Christopher Harvie and Colin Matthew show the forces behind Britain's rise to its imperial zenith, and the continuing tensions within the nations and classes of the 'union state'. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: A Different Day, a Different Destiny Annette Laing, 2010 When you wake up in the year 1851 on a Scottish hillside ... or down an English coal mine ... or in a field on a Southern plantation, you know you're in for a lousy day. No day has been normal for Hannah and Alex Dias since they moved from San Francisco to the little town of Snipesville, Georgia. Bad enough that they and their dorky new friend Brandon Clark became reluctant time-travelers to World War Two England. Now things are about to get worse. Much worse. From the cotton fields of the slave South, to the poorest slums of Victorian Scotland, to London's glittering Crystal Palace, the kids chase a twenty-first century gadget through the mid-nineteenth century. Finding it is only the beginning of what they must do to save two beloved places from destruction, and heal a wound in Time. --Publisher description. |
| child labor british industrial revolution: The Village Labourer 1760-1832 John Lawrence Hammond, Barbara Bradby Hammond, 1913 |
| child labor british industrial revolution: Industrialization, Family Life, and Class Relations Elinor Ann Accampo, 1989 [Accampo's] analysis and interpretations of quantitative material are sophisticated and convincing. Students of social history, labor history, modern France, and women's history will welcome this book.--Lenard R. Berlanstein, University of Virginia One of the most original and exciting studies in nineteenth-century French working-class history that I have read in years. Accampo's scholarship is breathtaking, and her grasp, incorporation, and criticism of relevant secondary literature is faultless.--Christopher Johnson, Wayne State University [Accampo's] analysis and interpretations of quantitative material are sophisticated and convincing. Students of social history, labor history, modern France, and women's history will welcome this book.--Lenard R. Berlanstein, University of Virginia |
Child health
May 12, 2025 · More than half of child deaths are due to conditions that could be easily prevented or treated given access to health care and improvements to their quality of life. At the same …
Child Health and Development - World Health Organization (WHO)
Jun 12, 2012 · 11th Meeting of the Strategic and Technical Advisory Group of Experts (STAGE) for Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Nutrition (MNCAHN) 10 – 12 June …
Children and young people’s mental health: the case for action
Jun 2, 2025 · Yet investment remains low: mental health receives less than 2% of national health budgets on average, with little allocated to children and adolescents. In low-income countries, …
Can "childs" ever be the plural of "child", in standard English?
Feb 21, 2016 · No, "childs" was never a plural of child. See Etymononline's entry for child: . The difficulty with the plural began in Old English, where the nominative plural was at first cild, …
Child growth - World Health Organization (WHO)
Apr 3, 2025 · Child wasting refers to a child who is too thin for his or her height and is the result of recent rapid weight loss or the failure to gain weight. A child who is moderately or severely …
Child maltreatment - World Health Organization (WHO)
Nov 5, 2024 · Overview. Child maltreatment is the abuse and neglect that occurs to children under 18 years of age. It includes all types of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, …
Head circumference for age - World Health Organization (WHO)
Child growth standards. Standards; Head circumference for age Length/height-for-age; Weight-for-age; Weight-for-length/height; Body mass index-for-age (BMI-for-age) Arm circumference …
Child mortality (under 5 years) - World Health Organization (WHO)
Jan 28, 2022 · Member States need to set their own targets and develop specific strategies to reduce child mortality and monitor their progress. In 2020, 125 countries have already met the …
Height-for-age (5-19 years) - World Health Organization (WHO)
Growth reference 5-19 years - Height-for-age (5-19 years) When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select.
Nutrition and Food Safety - World Health Organization (WHO)
Child malnutrition estimates for the indicators stunting, severe wasting, wasting, overweight and underweight describe the magnitude and patterns of under- and overnutrition. The UNICEF …
Child health
May 12, 2025 · More than half of child deaths are due to conditions that could be easily prevented or treated given access to health care and improvements to their quality of life. At the same …
Child Health and Development - World Health Organization (WHO)
Jun 12, 2012 · 11th Meeting of the Strategic and Technical Advisory Group of Experts (STAGE) for Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Nutrition (MNCAHN) 10 – 12 June 2025 …
Children and young people’s mental health: the case for action
Jun 2, 2025 · Yet investment remains low: mental health receives less than 2% of national health budgets on average, with little allocated to children and adolescents. In low-income countries, …
Can "childs" ever be the plural of "child", in standard English?
Feb 21, 2016 · No, "childs" was never a plural of child. See Etymononline's entry for child: . The difficulty with the plural began in Old English, where the nominative plural was at first cild, …
Child growth - World Health Organization (WHO)
Apr 3, 2025 · Child wasting refers to a child who is too thin for his or her height and is the result of recent rapid weight loss or the failure to gain weight. A child who is moderately or severely …
Child maltreatment - World Health Organization (WHO)
Nov 5, 2024 · Overview. Child maltreatment is the abuse and neglect that occurs to children under 18 years of age. It includes all types of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, …
Head circumference for age - World Health Organization (WHO)
Child growth standards. Standards; Head circumference for age Length/height-for-age; Weight-for-age; Weight-for-length/height; Body mass index-for-age (BMI-for-age) Arm circumference …
Child mortality (under 5 years) - World Health Organization (WHO)
Jan 28, 2022 · Member States need to set their own targets and develop specific strategies to reduce child mortality and monitor their progress. In 2020, 125 countries have already met the …
Height-for-age (5-19 years) - World Health Organization (WHO)
Growth reference 5-19 years - Height-for-age (5-19 years) When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select.
Nutrition and Food Safety - World Health Organization (WHO)
Child malnutrition estimates for the indicators stunting, severe wasting, wasting, overweight and underweight describe the magnitude and patterns of under- and overnutrition. The UNICEF …
