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| chicago black history facts: The Negro in Illinois Brian Dolinar, 2013-07-01 A major document of African American participation in the struggles of the Depression, The Negro in Illinois was produced by a special division of the Illinois Writers' Project, one of President Roosevelt's Works Progress Administration programs. The Federal Writers' Project helped to sustain New Negro artists during the 1930s and gave them a newfound social consciousness that is reflected in their writing. Headed by Harlem Renaissance poet Arna Bontemps and white proletarian writer Jack Conroy, The Negro in Illinois employed major black writers living in Chicago during the 1930s, including Richard Wright, Margaret Walker, Katherine Dunham, Fenton Johnson, Frank Yerby, and Richard Durham. The authors chronicled the African American experience in Illinois from the beginnings of slavery to Lincoln's emancipation and the Great Migration, with individual chapters discussing various aspects of public and domestic life, recreation, politics, religion, literature, and performing arts. After the project was canceled in 1942, most of the writings went unpublished for more than half a century--until now. Working closely with archivist Michael Flug to select and organize the book, editor Brian Dolinar compiled The Negro in Illinois from papers at the Vivian G. Harsh Collection of Afro-American History and Literature at the Carter G. Woodson Library in Chicago. Dolinar provides an informative introduction and epilogue which explain the origins of the project and place it in the context of the Black Chicago Renaissance. Making available an invaluable perspective on African American life, this volume represents a publication of immense historical and literary importance. |
| chicago black history facts: The Negro Motorist Green Book Victor H. Green, The Negro Motorist Green Book was a groundbreaking guide that provided African American travelers with crucial information on safe places to stay, eat, and visit during the era of segregation in the United States. This essential resource, originally published from 1936 to 1966, offered a lifeline to black motorists navigating a deeply divided nation, helping them avoid the dangers and indignities of racism on the road. More than just a travel guide, The Negro Motorist Green Book stands as a powerful symbol of resilience and resistance in the face of oppression, offering a poignant glimpse into the challenges and triumphs of the African American experience in the 20th century. |
| chicago black history facts: The Chicago Black Renaissance and Women's Activism Anne Meis Knupfer, 2023-02-13 Following on the heels of the Harlem Renaissance, the Chicago Renaissance was a resonant flourishing of African American arts, literature, theater, music, and intellectualism, from 1930 to 1955. Anne Meis Knupfer's The Chicago Black Renaissance and Women's Activism demonstrates the complexity of black women's many vital contributions to this unique cultural flowering. The book examines various groups of black female activists, including writers and actresses, social workers, artists, school teachers, and women's club members to document the impact of social class, gender, nativity, educational attainment, and professional affiliations on their activism. Together, these women worked to sponsor black history and literature, to protest overcrowded schools, and to act as a force for improved South Side housing and employment opportunities. Knupfer also reveals the crucial role these women played in founding and sustaining black cultural institutions, such as the first African American art museum in the country; the first African American library in Chicago; and various African American literary journals and newspapers. As a point of contrast, Knupfer also examines the overlooked activism of working-class and poor women in the Ida B. Wells and Altgeld Gardens housing projects. |
| chicago black history facts: Black Picket Fences Mary Pattillo, 2013-07-02 First published in 1999, Mary Pattillo’s Black Picket Fences explores an American demographic group too often ignored by both scholars and the media: the black middle class. Nearly fifteen years later, this book remains a groundbreaking study of a group still underrepresented in the academic and public spheres. The result of living for three years in “Groveland,” a black middle-class neighborhood on Chicago’s South Side, Black Picket Fences explored both the advantages the black middle class has and the boundaries they still face. Despite arguments that race no longer matters, Pattillo showed a different reality, one where black and white middle classes remain separate and unequal. Stark, moving, and still timely, the book is updated for this edition with a new epilogue by the author that details how the neighborhood and its residents fared in the recession of 2008, as well as new interviews with many of the same neighborhood residents featured in the original. Also included is a new foreword by acclaimed University of Pennsylvania sociologist Annette Lareau. |
| chicago black history facts: The Encyclopedia of Chicago James R. Grossman, Ann Durkin Keating, Janice L. Reiff, Newberry Library, Chicago Historical Society, 2004 A comprehensive historical reference on metropolitan Chicago encompasses more than 1,400 entries on such topics as neighborhoods, ethnic groups, cultural institutions, and business history, and furnishes interpretive essays on the literary images of Chicago, the built environment, and the city's sports culture. |
| chicago black history facts: The Negro in Art Alain Locke, 1969 |
| chicago black history facts: Spatializing Blackness Rashad Shabazz, 2015-08-30 Over 277,000 African Americans migrated to Chicago between 1900 and 1940, an influx unsurpassed in any other northern city. From the start, carceral powers literally and figuratively created a prison-like environment to contain these African Americans within the so-called Black Belt on the city's South Side. A geographic study of race and gender, Spatializing Blackness casts light upon the ubiquitous--and ordinary--ways carceral power functions in places where African Americans live. Moving from the kitchenette to the prison cell, and mining forgotten facts from sources as diverse as maps and memoirs, Rashad Shabazz explores the myriad architectures of confinement, policing, surveillance, urban planning, and incarceration. In particular, he investigates how the ongoing carceral effort oriented and imbued black male bodies and gender performance from the Progressive Era to the present. The result is an essential interdisciplinary study that highlights the racialization of space, the role of containment in subordinating African Americans, the politics of mobility under conditions of alleged freedom, and the ways black men cope with--and resist--spacial containment. A timely response to the massive upswing in carceral forms within society, Spatializing Blackness examines how these mechanisms came to exist, why society aimed them against African Americans, and the consequences for black communities and black masculinity both historically and today. |
| chicago black history facts: The Mis-education of the Negro Carter Godwin Woodson, 1969 |
| chicago black history facts: 1919, The Year of Racial Violence David F. Krugler, 2014-12-08 1919, The Year of Racial Violence recounts African Americans' brave stand against a cascade of mob attacks in the United States after World War I. The emerging New Negro identity, which prized unflinching resistance to second-class citizenship, further inspired veterans and their fellow black citizens. In city after city - Washington, DC; Chicago; Charleston; and elsewhere - black men and women took up arms to repel mobs that used lynching, assaults, and other forms of violence to protect white supremacy; yet, authorities blamed blacks for the violence, leading to mass arrests and misleading news coverage. Refusing to yield, African Americans sought accuracy and fairness in the courts of public opinion and the law. This is the first account of this three-front fight - in the streets, in the press, and in the courts - against mob violence during one of the worst years of racial conflict in US history. |
| chicago black history facts: The Chicago Race Riots, July, 1919 Carl Sandburg, 1919 |
| chicago black history facts: The Secrets of Mary Bowser Lois Leveen, 2012-05-15 “Masterfully written, The Secrets of Mary Bowser shines a new light onto our country’s darkest history.” —Brunonia Barry, bestselling author of The Lace Reader “Packed with drama, intrigue, love, loss, and most of all, the resilience of a remarkable heroine….What a treat!” —Kelly O'Connor McNees, author of The Lost Summer of Louisa May Alcott Based on the remarkable true story of a freed African American slave who returned to Virginia at the onset of the Civil War to spy on the Confederates, The Secrets of Mary Bowser is a masterful debut by an exciting new novelist. Author Lois Leveen combines fascinating facts and ingenious speculation to craft a historical novel that will enthrall readers of women’s fiction, historical fiction, and acclaimed works like Cane River and Cold Mountain that offer intimate looks at the twin nightmares of slavery and Civil War. A powerful and unforgettable story of a woman who risked her own freedom to bring freedom to millions of others, The Secrets of Mary Bowser celebrates the courageous achievements of a little known but truly inspirational American heroine. |
| chicago black history facts: The Torture Letters Laurence Ralph, 2020-01-15 Torture is an open secret in Chicago. Nobody in power wants to acknowledge this grim reality, but everyone knows it happens—and that the torturers are the police. Three to five new claims are submitted to the Torture Inquiry and Relief Commission of Illinois each week. Four hundred cases are currently pending investigation. Between 1972 and 1991, at least 125 black suspects were tortured by Chicago police officers working under former Police Commander Jon Burge. As the more recent revelations from the Homan Square “black site” show, that brutal period is far from a historical anomaly. For more than fifty years, police officers who took an oath to protect and serve have instead beaten, electrocuted, suffocated, and raped hundreds—perhaps thousands—of Chicago residents. In The Torture Letters, Laurence Ralph chronicles the history of torture in Chicago, the burgeoning activist movement against police violence, and the American public’s complicity in perpetuating torture at home and abroad. Engaging with a long tradition of epistolary meditations on racism in the United States, from James Baldwin’s The Fire Next Time to Ta-Nehisi Coates’s Between the World and Me, Ralph offers in this book a collection of open letters written to protesters, victims, students, and others. Through these moving, questing, enraged letters, Ralph bears witness to police violence that began in Burge’s Area Two and follows the city’s networks of torture to the global War on Terror. From Vietnam to Geneva to Guantanamo Bay—Ralph’s story extends as far as the legacy of American imperialism. Combining insights from fourteen years of research on torture with testimonies of victims of police violence, retired officers, lawyers, and protesters, this is a powerful indictment of police violence and a fierce challenge to all Americans to demand an end to the systems that support it. With compassion and careful skill, Ralph uncovers the tangled connections among law enforcement, the political machine, and the courts in Chicago, amplifying the voices of torture victims who are still with us—and lending a voice to those long deceased. |
| chicago black history facts: Family Properties Beryl Satter, 2010-03-02 Part family story and part urban history, a landmark investigation of segregation and urban decay in Chicago -- and cities across the nation The promised land for thousands of Southern blacks, postwar Chicago quickly became the most segregated city in the North, the site of the nation's worst ghettos and the target of Martin Luther King Jr.'s first campaign beyond the South. In this powerful book, Beryl Satter identifies the true causes of the city's black slums and the ruin of urban neighborhoods throughout the country: not, as some have argued, black pathology, the culture of poverty, or white flight, but a widespread and institutionalized system of legal and financial exploitation. In Satter's riveting account of a city in crisis, unscrupulous lawyers, slumlords, and speculators are pitched against religious reformers, community organizers, and an impassioned attorney who launched a crusade against the profiteers—the author's father, Mark J. Satter. At the heart of the struggle stand the black migrants who, having left the South with its legacy of sharecropping, suddenly find themselves caught in a new kind of debt peonage. Satter shows the interlocking forces at work in their oppression: the discriminatory practices of the banking industry; the federal policies that created the country's shameful dual housing market; the economic anxieties that fueled white violence; and the tempting profits to be made by preying on the city's most vulnerable population. Family Properties: Race, Real Estate, and the Exploitation of Black Urban America is a monumental work of history, this tale of racism and real estate, politics and finance, will forever change our understanding of the forces that transformed urban America. Gripping . . . This painstaking portrayal of the human costs of financial racism is the most important book yet written on the black freedom struggle in the urban North.—David Garrow, The Washington Post |
| chicago black history facts: City of Chicago Statistics , 1901 |
| chicago black history facts: The Fastest Bicycle Rider in the World Major Taylor, 1928 |
| chicago black history facts: Brown in the Windy City Lilia Fernández, 2014-07-21 Brown in the Windy City is the first history to examine the migration and settlement of Mexicans and Puerto Ricans in postwar Chicago. Lilia Fernández reveals how the two populations arrived in Chicago in the midst of tremendous social and economic change and, in spite of declining industrial employment and massive urban renewal projects, managed to carve out a geographic and racial place in one of America’s great cities. Through their experiences in the city’s central neighborhoods over the course of these three decades, Fernández demonstrates how Mexicans and Puerto Ricans collectively articulated a distinct racial position in Chicago, one that was flexible and fluid, neither black nor white. |
| chicago black history facts: The Port Chicago 50 Steve Sheinkin, 2014-01-21 Describes the fifty black sailors who refused to work in unsafe and unfair conditions after an explosion in Port Chicago killed 320 servicemen, and how the incident influenced civil rights. |
| chicago black history facts: Goddess of Anarchy Jacqueline Jones, 2017-12-05 From a prize-winning historian, a new portrait of an extraordinary activist and the turbulent age in which she lived Goddess of Anarchy recounts the formidable life of the militant writer, orator, and agitator Lucy Parsons. Born to an enslaved woman in Virginia in 1851 and raised in Texas-where she met her husband, the Haymarket martyr Albert Parsons-Lucy was a fearless advocate of First Amendment rights, a champion of the working classes, and one of the most prominent figures of African descent of her era. And yet, her life was riddled with contradictions-she advocated violence without apology, concocted a Hispanic-Indian identity for herself, and ignored the plight of African Americans. Drawing on a wealth of new sources, Jacqueline Jones presents not only the exceptional life of the famous American-born anarchist but also an authoritative account of her times-from slavery through the Great Depression. |
| chicago black history facts: Freedom's Ballot Margaret Garb, 2014-04-28 In the spring of 1915, Chicagoans elected the city’s first black alderman, Oscar De Priest. In a city where African Americans made up less than five percent of the voting population, and in a nation that dismissed and denied black political participation, De Priest’s victory was astonishing. It did not, however, surprise the unruly group of black activists who had been working for several decades to win representation on the city council. Freedom’s Ballot is the history of three generations of African American activists—the ministers, professionals, labor leaders, clubwomen, and entrepreneurs—who transformed twentieth-century urban politics. This is a complex and important story of how black political power was institutionalized in Chicago in the half-century following the Civil War. Margaret Garb explores the social and political fabric of Chicago, revealing how the physical makeup of the city was shaped by both political corruption and racial empowerment—in ways that can still be seen and felt today. |
| chicago black history facts: City of the Century Donald L. Miller, 2014-04-09 “A wonderfully readable account of Chicago’s early history” and the inspiration behind PBS’s American Experience (Michiko Kakutani, The New York Times). Depicting its turbulent beginnings to its current status as one of the world’s most dynamic cities, City of the Century tells the story of Chicago—and the story of America, writ small. From its many natural disasters, including the Great Fire of 1871 and several cholera epidemics, to its winner-take-all politics, dynamic business empires, breathtaking architecture, its diverse cultures, and its multitude of writers, journalists, and artists, Chicago’s story is violent, inspiring, passionate, and fascinating from the first page to the last. The winner of the prestigious Great Lakes Book Award, given to the year’s most outstanding books highlighting the American heartland, City of the Century has received consistent rave reviews since its publication in 1996, and was made into a six-hour film airing on PBS’s American Experience series. Written with energetic prose and exacting detail, it brings Chicago’s history to vivid life. “With City of the Century, Miller has written what will be judged as the great Chicago history.” —John Barron, Chicago Sun-Times “Brims with life, with people, surprise, and with stories.” —David McCullough, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of John Adams and Truman “An invaluable companion in my journey through Old Chicago.” —Erik Larson, New York Times–bestselling author of The Devil in the White City |
| chicago black history facts: The Battle of Lincoln Park Daniel Kay Hertz, 2018-10-16 “A brief, cogent analysis of gentrification in Chicago . . . An incisive and useful narrative on the puzzle of urban development” (Kirkus). In the years after World War II, a movement began to bring the middle class back to the Lincoln Park neighborhood on Chicago's North Side. In place of the old, poorly maintained apartments and dense streetscapes, “rehabbers” imagined a new kind of neighborhood—a modern community that combined the convenience, diversity, and character of a historic urban quarter with the prosperity and privileges of a new subdivision. But as property values rose, longtime residents found themselves being evicted to make room for progress—and they began to assert their own ideas about the future of Lincoln Park. As divisions deepened over the course of the 1960s, debate gave way to increasingly violent demonstrations. Each camp became further entrenched as they tried to settle the eternal questions of city planning: Who is a neighborhood for? And who gets to decide? |
| chicago black history facts: Land of Hope James R. Grossman, 2011-03-15 Grossman’s rich, detailed analysis of black migration to Chicago during World War I and its aftermath brilliantly captures the cultural meaning of the movement. |
| chicago black history facts: The Negro in Chicago Chicago Commission on Race Relations, 1922 |
| chicago black history facts: A Raisin in the Sun Lorraine Hansberry, 2016-11-01 A Raisin in the Sun reflects Lorraine Hansberry's childhood experiences in segregated Chicago. This electrifying masterpiece has enthralled audiences and has been heaped with critical accolades. The play that changed American theatre forever - The New York Times. Edition Description |
| chicago black history facts: Black Chicago's First Century Christopher Robert Reed, 2005-07-25 In Black Chicago’s First Century, Christopher Robert Reed provides the first comprehensive study of an African American population in a nineteenth-century northern city beyond the eastern seaboard. Reed’s study covers the first one hundred years of African American settlement and achievements in the Windy City, encompassing a range of activities and events that span the antebellum, Civil War, Reconstruction, and post-Reconstruction periods. The author takes us from a time when black Chicago provided both workers and soldiers for the Union cause to the ensuing decades that saw the rise and development of a stratified class structure and growth in employment, politics, and culture. Just as the city was transformed in its first century of existence, so were its black inhabitants. Methodologically relying on the federal pension records of Civil War soldiers at the National Archives, as well as previously neglected photographic evidence, manuscripts, contemporary newspapers, and secondary sources, Reed captures the lives of Chicago’s vast army of ordinary black men and women. He places black Chicagoans within the context of northern urban history, providing a better understanding of the similarities and differences among them. We learn of the conditions African Americans faced before and after Emancipation. We learn how the black community changed and developed over time: we learn how these people endured—how they educated their children, how they worked, organized, and played. Black Chicago’s First Century is a balanced and coherent work. Anyone with an interest in urban history or African American studies will find much value in this book. |
| chicago black history facts: Crucibles of Black Empowerment Jeffrey Helgeson, 2014-04-24 The term “community organizer” was deployed repeatedly against Barack Obama during the 2008 presidential campaign as a way to paint him as an inexperienced politician unfit for the presidency. The implication was that the job of a community organizer wasn’t a serious one, and that it certainly wasn’t on the list of credentials needed for a presidential résumé. In reality, community organizers have played key roles in the political lives of American cities for decades, perhaps never more so than during the 1970s in Chicago, where African Americans laid the groundwork for further empowerment as they organized against segregation, discrimination, and lack of equal access to schools, housing, and jobs. In Crucibles of Black Empowerment, Jeffrey Helgeson recounts the rise of African American political power and activism from the 1930s onward, revealing how it was achieved through community building. His book tells stories of the housewives who organized their neighbors, building tradesmen who used connections with federal officials to create opportunities in a deeply discriminatory employment sector, and the social workers, personnel managers, and journalists who carved out positions in the white-collar workforce. Looking closely at black liberal politics at the neighborhood level in Chicago, Helgeson explains how black Chicagoans built the networks that eventually would overthrow the city’s seemingly invincible political machine. |
| chicago black history facts: The Annotated African American Folktales (The Annotated Books) Henry Louis Gates Jr., Maria Tatar, 2017-11-14 Winner • NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work (Fiction) Winner • Anne Izard Storytellers’ Choice Award Holiday Gift Guide Selection • Indiewire, San Francisco Chronicle, and Minneapolis Star-Tribune These nearly 150 African American folktales animate our past and reclaim a lost cultural legacy to redefine American literature. Drawing from the great folklorists of the past while expanding African American lore with dozens of tales rarely seen before, The Annotated African American Folktales revolutionizes the canon like no other volume. Following in the tradition of such classics as Arthur Huff Fauset’s “Negro Folk Tales from the South” (1927), Zora Neale Hurston’s Mules and Men (1935), and Virginia Hamilton’s The People Could Fly (1985), acclaimed scholars Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Maria Tatar assemble a groundbreaking collection of folktales, myths, and legends that revitalizes a vibrant African American past to produce the most comprehensive and ambitious collection of African American folktales ever published in American literary history. Arguing for the value of these deceptively simple stories as part of a sophisticated, complex, and heterogeneous cultural heritage, Gates and Tatar show how these remarkable stories deserve a place alongside the classic works of African American literature, and American literature more broadly. Opening with two introductory essays and twenty seminal African tales as historical background, Gates and Tatar present nearly 150 African American stories, among them familiar Brer Rabbit classics, but also stories like “The Talking Skull” and “Witches Who Ride,” as well as out-of-print tales from the 1890s’ Southern Workman. Beginning with the figure of Anansi, the African trickster, master of improvisation—a spider who plots and weaves in scandalous ways—The Annotated African American Folktales then goes on to draw Caribbean and Creole tales into the orbit of the folkloric canon. It retrieves stories not seen since the Harlem Renaissance and brings back archival tales of “Negro folklore” that Booker T. Washington proclaimed had emanated from a “grapevine” that existed even before the American Revolution, stories brought over by slaves who had survived the Middle Passage. Furthermore, Gates and Tatar’s volume not only defines a new canon but reveals how these folktales were hijacked and misappropriated in previous incarnations, egregiously by Joel Chandler Harris, a Southern newspaperman, as well as by Walt Disney, who cannibalized and capitalized on Harris’s volumes by creating cartoon characters drawn from this African American lore. Presenting these tales with illuminating annotations and hundreds of revelatory illustrations, The Annotated African American Folktales reminds us that stories not only move, entertain, and instruct but, more fundamentally, inspire and keep hope alive. The Annotated African American Folktales includes: Introductory essays, nearly 150 African American stories, and 20 seminal African tales as historical background The familiar Brer Rabbit classics, as well as news-making vernacular tales from the 1890s’ Southern Workman An entire section of Caribbean and Latin American folktales that finally become incorporated into the canon Approximately 200 full-color, museum-quality images |
| chicago black history facts: History of the Chicago Tribune , 1922 |
| chicago black history facts: W. E. B. Du Bois's Data Portraits The W.E.B. Du Bois Center at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2018-11-06 The colorful charts, graphs, and maps presented at the 1900 Paris Exposition by famed sociologist and black rights activist W. E. B. Du Bois offered a view into the lives of black Americans, conveying a literal and figurative representation of the color line. From advances in education to the lingering effects of slavery, these prophetic infographics —beautiful in design and powerful in content—make visible a wide spectrum of black experience. W. E. B. Du Bois's Data Portraits collects the complete set of graphics in full color for the first time, making their insights and innovations available to a contemporary imagination. As Maria Popova wrote, these data portraits shaped how Du Bois himself thought about sociology, informing the ideas with which he set the world ablaze three years later in The Souls of Black Folk. |
| chicago black history facts: Black Metropolis St. Clair Drake, Horace Roscoe Cayton, 1970 |
| chicago black history facts: The Black Panther Party (reconsidered) Charles Earl Jones, 1998 This new collection of essays, contributed by scholars and former Panthers, is a ground-breaking work that offers thought-provoking and pertinent observations about the many facets of the Party. By placing the perspectives of participants and scholars side by side, Dr. Jones presents an insider view and initiates a vital dialogue that is absent from most historical studies. |
| chicago black history facts: Selling the Race Adam Green, 2007 Black Chicagoans were at the centre of a national movement in the 1940s and '50s, when African Americans across the country first started to see themselves as part of a single culture. Green argues that this period engendered a unique cultural and commercial consciousness, fostering ideas of racial identity that remain influential. |
| chicago black history facts: Passionately Human, No Less Divine Wallace Denino Best, 2005 The Great Migration was the most significant event in black life since emancipation and Reconstruction. Passionately Human, No Less Divine analyzes the various ways black southerners transformed African American religion in Chicago during their Great Migration northward. A work of religious, urban, and social history, it is the first book-length analysis of the new religious practices and traditions in Chicago that were stimulated by migration and urbanization. The book illustrates how the migration launched a new sacred order among blacks in the city that reflected aspects of both Southern black religion and modern city life. This new sacred order was also largely female as African American women constituted more than 70 percent of the membership in most black Protestant churches. Ultimately, Wallace Best demonstrates how black southerners imparted a folk religious sensibility to Chicago's black churches. In doing so, they ironically recast conceptions of modern, urban African American religion in terms that signified the rural past. In the same way that working class cultural idioms such as jazz and the blues emerged in the secular arena as a means to represent black modernity, he says, African American religion in Chicago, with its negotiation between the past, the present, rural and urban, revealed African American religion in modern form. |
| chicago black history facts: Chicago's Southeast Side Rod Sellers, Dominic A. Pacyga, 1998-10 Steel and the steel industry are the backbone of Chicago's southeast side, an often overlooked neighborhood with a rich ethnic heritage. Bolstered by the prosperous steel industry, the community attracted numerous, strong-willed people with a desire to work from distinct cultural backgrounds. In recent years, the vitality of the steel industry has diminished. Chicago's Southeast Side displays many rare and interesting pictures that capture the spirit of the community when the steel industry was a vibrant force. Although annexed in 1889 by the city of Chicago, the community has maintained its own identity through the years. In an attempt to remain connected to their homelands, many immigrants established businesses, churches, and organizations to ease their transition to a new and unfamiliar land. The southeast side had its own schools, shopping districts, and factories. As a result, it became a prosperous, yet separate, enclave within the city of Chicago. |
| chicago black history facts: Carter Reads the Newspaper Deborah Hopkinson, 2020-08-04 Carter G. Woodson didn't just read history. He changed it. As the father of Black History Month, he spent his life introducing others to the history of his people. Carter G. Woodson was born to two formerly enslaved people ten years after the end of the Civil War. Though his father could not read, he believed in being an informed citizen, so he asked Carter to read the newspaper to him every day. As a teenager, Carter went to work in the coal mines, and there he met Oliver Jones, who did something important: he asked Carter not only to read to him and the other miners, but also research and find more information on the subjects that interested them. My interest in penetrating the past of my people was deepened, Carter wrote. His journey would take him many more years, traveling around the world and transforming the way people thought about history. From an award-winning team of author Deborah Hopkinson and illustrator Don Tate, this first-ever picture book biography of Carter G. Woodson emphasizes the importance of pursuing curiosity and encouraging a hunger for knowledge of stories and histories that have not been told. Back matter includes author and illustrator notes and brief biological sketches of important figures from African and African American history. |
| chicago black history facts: Free Negro Owners of Slaves in the United States in 1830 Carter Godwin Woodson, 1924 This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature. |
| chicago black history facts: The Black Chicago Renaissance Darlene Clark Hine, John McCluskey, 2012-06-15 Beginning in the 1930s, Black Chicago experienced a cultural renaissance that lasted into the 1950s and rivaled the cultural outpouring in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. The contributors to this volume analyze this prolific period of African American creativity in music, performance art, social science scholarship, and visual and literary artistic expression. Unlike Harlem, Chicago was an urban industrial center that gave a unique working class and internationalist perspective to the cultural work being done in Chicago. This collection's various essays discuss the forces that distinguished the Black Chicago Renaissance from the Harlem Renaissance and placed the development of black culture in a national and international context. Among the topics discussed in this volume are Chicago writers Gwendolyn Brooks and Richard Wright, The Chicago Defender and Tivoli Theater, African American music and visual arts, and the American Negro Exposition of 1940. Contributors are Hilary Mac Austin, David T. Bailey, Murry N. DePillars, Samuel A. Floyd Jr., Erik S. Gellman, Jeffrey Helgeson, Darlene Clark Hine, John McCluskey Jr., Christopher Robert Reed, Elizabeth Schlabach, and Clovis E. Semmes. |
| chicago black history facts: Sundown Towns James W. Loewen, 2018-07-17 Powerful and important . . . an instant classic. —The Washington Post Book World The award-winning look at an ugly aspect of American racism by the bestselling author of Lies My Teacher Told Me, reissued with a new preface by the author In this groundbreaking work, sociologist James W. Loewen, author of the classic bestseller Lies My Teacher Told Me, brings to light decades of hidden racial exclusion in America. In a provocative, sweeping analysis of American residential patterns, Loewen uncovers the thousands of sundown towns—almost exclusively white towns where it was an unspoken rule that blacks weren't welcome—that cropped up throughout the twentieth century, most of them located outside of the South. Written with Loewen's trademark honesty and thoroughness, Sundown Towns won the Gustavus Myers Outstanding Book Award, received starred reviews in Publishers Weekly and Booklist, and launched a nationwide online effort to track down and catalog sundown towns across America. In a new preface, Loewen puts this history in the context of current controversies around white supremacy and the Black Lives Matter movement. He revisits sundown towns and finds the number way down, but with notable exceptions in exclusive all-white suburbs such as Kenilworth, Illinois, which as of 2010 had not a single black household. And, although many former sundown towns are now integrated, they often face second-generation sundown town issues, such as in Ferguson, Missouri, a former sundown town that is now majority black, but with a majority-white police force. |
| chicago black history facts: Chicago, Metropolis of the Mid-continent Irving Cutler, 2006 Chicago: Metropolis of the Mid-Continent provides a comprehensive portrayal of the growth and development of Chicago from the mudhole of the prairie to today’s world-class city. This completely revised fourth edition skillfully weaves together the geography, history, economy, and culture of the city and its suburbs with a special emphasis on the role of the many ethnic and racial groups that comprise the “real Chicago” of its neighborhoods. Cutler demonstrates how the geography of “Chicagoland” and the influx of a diverse population spurred transportation, industrial technology, the economy, and sporadic planning to foster rapid urban growth, which brought both great progress and severe problems. Through insightful analysis, Cutler also traces the demographic and societal changes to Chicago, critically examining such problems as the environment, education, racial tension, crime, welfare, housing, employment, and transportation. Richly illustrated with nearly three hundred drawings, photos, maps, and tables, the volume includes six appendices with sections dedicated to Chicago facts, population growth and income data, weather and climate, significant dates, and historic sites. |
| chicago black history facts: Letter from Birmingham Jail Martin Luther King, 2025-01-14 A beautiful commemorative edition of Dr. Martin Luther King's essay Letter from Birmingham Jail, part of Dr. King's archives published exclusively by HarperCollins. With an afterword by Reginald Dwayne Betts On April 16, 1923, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., responded to an open letter written and published by eight white clergyman admonishing the civil rights demonstrations happening in Birmingham, Alabama. Dr. King drafted his seminal response on scraps of paper smuggled into jail. King criticizes his detractors for caring more about order than justice, defends nonviolent protests, and argues for the moral responsibility to obey just laws while disobeying unjust ones. Letter from Birmingham Jail proclaims a message - confronting any injustice is an acceptable and righteous reason for civil disobedience. This beautifully designed edition presents Dr. King's speech in its entirety, paying tribute to this extraordinary leader and his immeasurable contribution, and inspiring a new generation of activists dedicated to carrying on the fight for justice and equality. |
THE SUMERIANS - University of Chicago
languages under the title History Begins at Sumer. It consisted of twenty-odd disparate essays united by a common theme "firsts" in man s recorded history and culture. The book did not treat the political history of the Sumerian people or the nature of their social and economic institutions, nor did it give the reader any
The Chicago Defender: Its Representations & Uplift Project During …
black America, The Chicago Defender disseminated a new black identity. Far beyond printing the news, this newspaper envisioned black Americans as occupying a more dignified position in society. The Chicago Defender and the Mutilation of the Black Body 1918 was a formidable time for black Americans, especially in the South, and The Chicago ...
BLACK HISTORY MONTH - Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion at UCSF …
BLACK HISTORY MONTH History Black History Month is an annual celebration of achievements by African Americans and a time for recognizing the central role of Blacks in U.S. history. Also known as African American History Month, the event grew out of “Negro History Week,” the brainchild of noted historian Carter G. Woodson and other
Italians and Crime in Chicago: The Formative Years, 1890-1920
in the United States," Current History, XV (Octo-ber, 1921), 23; Chicago Record-Herald, March 26, 1910; John Landesco, Organized Crime in Chicago. ... "Black Hand in Chicago. Black-mail Letter for $300" (July 14, 1906); "Italians on Trial. 32 Italians Accused as Members of the Black Hand" (April 27,
AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORIC PLACES IN SOUTH CAROLINA
Carolina Department of Archives and History welcomes questions regarding the listing or marking of other eligible sites. African Americans have made a vast contribution to the history of South Carolina throughout its over-300-year-history. The African …
Race and Housing in Chicago - JSTOR
from 102,048 to 10,792, whereas the number of black residents soared from 380 to 113,827. Lawndale became Chicago's new port of entry for black immigrants to the city, and the area's black population exploded from 13 per cent in 1950 to 91 per cent ten years later. The black settlement spread steadily westward to the city limits and
Black History Month: (2016) - Census.gov
Black History Month. Each year, U.S. presidents proclaim February as National African-American History Month. ... Cook County, Ill. (Chicago) had the largest black population of any county in 2014 (1.3 million), and Harris, Texas (Houston) had the largest numeric increase since 2014 (21,000). Holmes,
Kansas and Missouri Black History Tour - University of Kansas …
investment since the 1980s and holds several important locations relating to black history: Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. 1616 E. 18th St., Kansas City, MO . Founded in 1990, the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum is a privately funded, non-profit museum dedicated to preserving the history of Negro Leagues Baseball in America. American Jazz Museum
BLACK HISTORY AWARENESS 365 - Lansing Community College
Join the Black History Awareness Committee as we engage our campus community yearlong with events related to Black History. As we all know Black History is more than a month of engagement, it is 365 days a year. Each year for Black History Month there is a theme. This year’s theme is The Black Family: Representation, Identity, and Diversity ...
Henry Louis Gates Jr.: Restoring Black History - Inglett Gallery
was too broad to be contained only in books. Public history mattered, too. In 1915, Woodson and several of his friends established the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, in part to popularize the study of black history. That same year, black leaders called for a memorial to honor black veterans. And a year later — exactly a
THE FORECLOSURE CRISIS IN THE CHICAGO AREA: FACTS, TRENDS AND RESPONSES
Chicago region and the efforts to provide assistance to homeowners and communities. It is designed to be a ... Even wealthy homeowners got high-cost loans, particularly African Americans. In 2005, Black homeowners earning more than $100,000 a year were more likely to get high-cost loans than white homeowners earning less than $35,000 (Ibid). ...
A Short History of the Chicago Diversion - LSU
A Short History of the Chicago Diversion ... Fig. 1: Schematic showing natural rivers (solid black lines) and artificial channels (dashed black lines), along with control structures and water pumpage sites, that make up the Chicago Diversion. ... by way of the Sanitary and ship canal of Chicago. A brief of the facts and issues; 1913; p. 97.
Incarceration Trends in Illinois - Vera Institute of Justice
Since 1990, the Black incarceration rate has increased 13 percent. In 2015, Black people were incarcerated at 6.9 times the rate of white people, and Native American people were incarcerated at 2.2 times the rate of white people. 2015 PRISONS Since 1978, the Black incarceration rate has increased 191 percent. In 2017, Black people were
The Black Chicago Renaissance - Purdue University College of …
The Black Chicago Renaissance . Professor Bill Mullen . T. 4:30-7:20 Rec 112 . Office: 315 Heavilon Hall . Office Hrs: e-mail: bvmullen@purdue.edu. Course Description: The Chicago Renaissance is the name given to the upsurge in cultural production and radical political activity in Chicago between, approximately,
Chicago Metro Sentinel Community Site (SCS) Drug Use Patterns …
in Chicago have reduced some face -to-face services (e.g., syringe exchange), because staff members often are persons at high risk if infected with SARS- CoV-2. Services such as case management are provided over the phone. • COVID-19 street services: Funding from Chicago and a foundation supports street outreach to promote COVID -19 risk ...
ILLINOIS AFRICAN AMERICAN INVENTORS INSIDE LOOK
are only 13% of the U.S. population. In Chicago, Mayor Lori Lightfoot reports that African Americans, who are 1/3 of 2.7-million population, are 72% of the virus deaths.In Louisiana, 33% of the state is black but 70% of the people who died are black. In Michigan the population is 14% black but 40% of the deaths are black.
Foundries of the Past and Present
CHICAGO HARDWARE FOUNDRY CO., NORTH CHICAGO, ILL MRS. CHILLEM'S HOME GRILL -- oval fat-free fryer CLAYTON & LAMBERT MFG CO, LOUISVILLE, KY -- pot CLEVELAND FOUNDRY -- broiler CLEVELAND STOVE WORKS TENN -- tea kettles CLUB -- dutch ovens probably with glass cover (by the makers of Club Aluminum) C. N. & CO. (see …
CHICAGO’S HISTORY A Timeline of CHOICES AND CHANGES
>The first foundry opens—Chicago Furnace, owned by Jones, King & Co. >Chicago's first bank opens--the Chicago branch of the State Bank of Illinois—at LaSalle and Water Streets; John Kinzie is the president. >The first Chicago court house is built at Clark and Randolph Streets. 1836 >The population is 3,820.
Chicago Black History Facts .pdf cdn.ajw
Chicago Black History Facts chicago-black-history-facts 2 Downloaded from cdn.ajw.com on 2023-12-14 by guest giving added employment to members of our race. A Raisin in the Sun Lorraine 1930-1965 Hansberry 2021-09-09 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we ...
Black History Bingo - myfreebingocards.com
Black History Black History Black History Bingo Bingo Bingo Frederick M. Jones Oprah Winfrey Alexander Miles Hattie McDaniel Robert Johnson Jackie Robinson Barack Obama Madam CJ Walker Matthew A. Cherry Dr. Mae Jemison Elijah McCoy Tom Marshal FREE NAACP Henry Sampson Joseph Jackson Carter G. Woodson Joseph W. Winters Jack Johnson Eugene ...
LATINOS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: 2024 COMPILATION OF FAST FACTS
1 Introduction For 20 years, Excelencia in Education has led the way through innovative, collaborative, and actionable efforts to accelerate Latino student success in higher education throughout the United States. Excelencia is nationally recognized for leveraging data to conduct research with a Latino lens, reshaping our understanding of Latino students and advancing …
A HISTORY OF - Delaware
the economic accomplishments of Maryland's leading black citizens. He admired, as well, the political savvy of a population able to repeatedly elect political representatives. He was concerned, however, that Maryland school children lacked general knowledge of Black history and, in particular, of Maryland Black history.
Wichita Black History Sites - University of Kansas Medical Center
Wichita Black History Sites. 3. Union National Bank Building . 104 S. Broadway, Wichita, KS. Built in 1926, the 14-story Union National Bank building is a classic example of a tall, concrete-framed, Chicago-style office building. The building was financed by the Edith Rockefeller McCormick Trust of Chicago, designed by K. M. Vitzthum
Black History Facts: Armstrong H.S./Richmond
• Black History Month first began as Negro History Week In 1926. • Black History Week was founded by Dr. Carter G. Woodson. • The First Black Governor in the United States, L. Douglas Wilder, graduated from Armstrong High School. • The First Black Admiral in the US Navy ,Samuel Gravely graduated from Armstrong High School.
Illinois River Timeline, 1673 to the Present
sewage-laden Chicago River and introduced pollution into the Illinois River. [1872] The first dam on the Illinois River was constructed at the town of Henry. ... [1876] Stephen A. Forbes began his studies of Illinois River fish. Forbes founded the Illinois Laboratory of Natural History in 1877 and became its first director. [Caption] Stephen A ...
Ruination and Recovery: Keeping the Longshoremen’s History
the Longshoremen’s History in Post-Katrina New Orleans In 2005, the International Longshoremen’s Association (ILA) ‘black’ union hall in New Orleans was destroyed during Hurricane Katrina.1 Elderly longshoremen wept as they dismantled the ruins of the build-ing. Why was this demolished building so important to them? The black
Macrofinancial History and the New Business Cycle Facts
Macrofinancial History and the New Business Cycle Facts 215 data, with a particular emphasis on real financial interactions. The use of key statistical moments to describe business cycles goes back at least to the New Classical tradition that emerged in the 1970s (e.g., Kydland and Prescott 1990; Zarnowitz 1992; Backus and Kehoe 1992; Hodrick
“Crime that is organized”: A Case Study on Gangs in Chicago’s ...
Chicago. The history of criminal organizations in Chicago dates far beyond the days of Al Capone, and such legacies resonate in contemporary gangs far beyond the fall of mafia-style organizations. Chicago’s population experienced a significant spike in the 1940s leading to the first introduction of contemporary gangs. During this time of
CHICAGO CITATION STYLE - Okanagan
Chicago Manual of Style Quick Guide online from the Library website General Rules ... Bibliography Prentice, Alison, Paula Bourne, Gail Cuthbert Brandt, Beth Light, Wendy Mitchinson, and Naomi Black. Canadian Women: A History. Toronto: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988. Comments In notes, only the name of the first author is given, followed by et ...
Welcome! W - Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine
d. Chicago, IL 17. What was Black History Month Previously known as? a. Negro History Week b. Negro History Month c. Black History Year d. It has always been Black History Month. 18. Why was Black History Month placed in February? a. It was the shortest month. b. It was close to the beginning of the new year. c.
Chicago History - Newberry Library
Chicago History The Newberry collections contain extensive research materials relating to the history of Chicago, including its birth, growth, politics, and eclectic inhabitants. The following resources will help you search the Newberry’s collections for information on the Windy City. Reference librarians on the
This Month in Black History Fact Sheet - sspbnbc.com
This Month in Black History July 1 Thomas Andrew Dorsey, an American musician, composer, and Christian evangelist, who influential in the development of early blues and twentieth-century gospel music was born (1899).He penned three thousand songs, a third of which were gospel, including “Take My Hand, Precious Lord” and “Peace in the Valley.”
Oak Park Black History Bike Tour: People and Places that Matter
communities have a common history and intertwined destiny. As early as the 1880 U.S. Census, Black residents were listed in parts of Cicero Township, with oral tradition placing a small number of families here even earlier. The Oak Park Human Relations Commission, created in 1963 after a Black violinist was
C BLACK RENAISSANCE LITERARY OVEMENT - City of Chicago
For its associations with the “Chicago Black Renaissance” literary movement and iconic 20th century African-American playwright Lorraine Hansberry (1930-1965), the Lorraine Hansberry House at 6140 S. ... scholars, and activists promoted the study of black history, art and politics to inform social protest against racism and discrimination ...
Hesitant Recognition: Texas Black Politicians, 1865-1900
Peculiarly, the Lone Star state, although its background and history are unique, has not attracted many individuals who want to explain the complex nature of black history in Texas. Alwyn Barr summarized the status ofblacks throughout Texas history when he wrote that the "roles ofblack people in the development of Texas have been signficant since
Air Quality and Health - City of Chicago
Our estimates suggest that 5% of premature deaths in Chicago each year can be attributed to exposure to PM 2.5. 8 Communities with low socioeconomic status and high rates of chronic health conditions are especially vulnerable to the impacts of air pollution. In Chicago, with its history of segregation and disinvestment in Black and Latinx
Changes in Chicago’s Population and Life Expectancy 2010-2021
Chicago’s Population in 2020 •Total Population 2,746,388 •51% Female •13% aged 65+ •20% aged 0-17 •31% Non-Latinx White •30% Latinx* •29% Non-Latinx Black •7% Non-Latinx Asian Source: U.S. Census Bureau * In this presentation, CDPH uses the term Latinx to represent the census designation of Hispanic or Latino 3
Black History Month Seven facts about Black Americans …
1 Jun 2020 · Black History Month, also known as African Ameri-can History Month, is an annual celebration of achievements by African Americans and a time for recognizing the central role they have played in our nation’s history. Credit for the evolving awareness of the true place of African Americans in history can, in large part, be attributed to one man:
AFRICAN AMERICAN INVENTORS & INNOVATORS - Orange …
Orange County Regional History Center 3 Janet emerson Bashen Born in Ohio, 1957 Softare inventor o blae trails in business “My successes and failures make me who I am, and who I am is a black woman raised in the South by working-class parents who tried to give me a better life by fostering a fervent commitment to succeed.” J
Rochester’s African-American History - Rochester Public Library
LOCAL HISTORY & GENEALOGY 115 South Avenue, Rochester, NY 14604 585-428-8370 Fax 585-428-8353 Rochester’s African-American History Research Guide SCOPE This guide is intended to assist in locating materials and information in the Rochester Public
Alzheimer's Association 2024 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures
The statistics, facts, figures, interpretations and statements made in this report . are based on currently available data and information as cited in this report, all of . which are subject to revision as new data and information become available. 2024 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. 1.
2011 draft Black History packet - Winston Park Elementary
The Art Institute of Chicago's collection of African American art provides a rich introduction to over 100 years of noted achievements in painting, sculpture, and printmaking. Ranging chronologically from the Civil War era to the Harlem Renaissance and from the civil-rights struggles following ... Black History - Biography - Celebrate Black ...
‘A Moment in Black History’ - nulondon.ac.uk
Dr Harold Moody led the first effective black pressure groups in this country, the League of Coloured Peoples. He was born in Kingston Jamaica on 8th October 1882, and came to London in 1904 to study medicine at King’s College. He was completely unprepared for the colour bar in Edwardian London. He found it hard to find lodgings; after
Chicago Blueprint for Fair Housing Executive Summary
Today’s fair housing challenges are rooted in Chicago’s history of segregation and structural racism. When compared against the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the country, Chicago has the fifth highest ... Nationally, the typical Black family has just 1/10th the wealth of the typical white one. In 1863, black
CHICAGO: BLACK POWER - JSTOR
class because at this stage of history their leadership is at the heart of the struggle for power in the city.2 There are several reasons for this connection. During the 1960s and ... magic time for black people in Chicago. There were many moments of national focus on the city that created a certain amount of media excitement, including the ...
Juneteenth: Fact Sheet - Federation of American Scientists
13 Jun 2024 · Juneteenth: Fact Sheet Congressional Research Service 2 Texas.7 As families emigrated from Texas to other parts of the United States, they carried Juneteenth celebrations with them.8 On January 1, 1980, Juneteenth officially became a Texas state holiday.9 Al Edwards, a freshman state representative, put forward the bill, H.B. 1016, making Texas the …
Introduction & Historic Perspective - Camp Douglas
Camp Douglas (1861-1865) –A Chicago Story that must be told 1 December 2013 The Chicago Story that Must be Told: Reconstruction of a portion of Camp Douglas, one of the most significant Union Civil War prison camps, is important to the history of Chicago. Camp Douglas was more than a prison camp.
ABC7 CHICAGO CELEBRATES BLACK HISTORY MONTH WITH …
the Black Chicago community with unique stories and community contributions including the following: Chicago Freedom Movement: In 1966, Martin Luther King Jr. and his wife, Coretta, moved to Chicago, where he launched the Chicago Freedom Movement, the historic open housing campaign which was Dr. King’s first major protest movement in the North.
UCU Black History 365 A1 V4 - University and College Union
close collaboration with the Black Members’ Standing Committee. It is just one of the ways that UCU is taking the lead in highlighting and challenging racial inequality. Smaller portraits of important individuals in black history will be made available in the next 12 months, thereby helping to shift from Black History Month to Black History 365.
National Black History Month - Johns Hopkins Medicine
The term historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) refers to institutions of higher education in the United States founded prior to 1964 for African American students. 3 In Title III of the Higher Education Act of 1965, Congress officially defined an
